Public dataset
Recorded enzyme and transporter findings by polarity
Inspect every admitted source sentence for an exact medicine, enzyme or transporter, and recorded role, with assertions, denials, and unresolved polarity counted separately.
- Public rows
- 8,404
- Generated
- Schema version
- 1.3.0
Coverage
What this run contains
- Medicine–counterparty–role groups
- 8,404
- Source sentence records
- 20,358
- Asserted sentences
- 4,700
- Denied sentences
- 7,494
- Polarity not recorded
- 8,164
- Medicines represented
- 755
- Counterparties represented
- 36
- Corpus records considered
- 9,855
- All corpus records were checked; a record without a documented counterparty cannot produce a row in this projection.
- inducer groups
- 617
- inhibitor groups
- 3,131
- not_recorded groups
- 3,074
- substrate groups
- 1,582
Method
How the rows were made
- A deterministic parser reads recorded FDA-label excerpts for named enzymes and transporters.
- A mention is admitted only when the stored excerpt contains the recorded counterparty, allowing letter-case differences only.
- Every admitted mention is grouped by exact medicine slug, recorded counterparty spelling, and exact role. A missing role remains NOT_RECORDED rather than being assigned to another group.
- Each sentence carries the exact source version and effective date when recorded; the API serializes null and the page says not recorded when either is absent.
- The API paginates groups. Within each returned group, sentences is the complete untruncated list used by the three polarity counts.
Limits
Read these before using a row
- A recorded role is a mechanistic statement copied from a descriptive label section. It is not a clinical interaction, and nothing in this dataset describes what happens when a person is exposed to two medicines at once.
- This dataset holds no relation between one medicine and another. Counts are per counterparty; the medicines naming a counterparty are listed with their sentences and are never paired, ranked against each other or compared.
- ICH M12 states that no potency classification system exists for transporters or for non-CYP enzymes, so no strong, moderate or weak vocabulary is applied to any counterparty here. The tallies count records, not strength.
- A counterparty with a high count is one that labels document often. Documentation frequency is not importance: US labelling asks for some enzymes to be characterised far more routinely than others, and that requirement is part of what these counts measure.
- 40.1% of admitted mentions carry no role. The sentence named more than one role and the parser left the question open rather than attaching a guess, so a role tally is a count of sentences that settled the question, not of medicines for which it is settled.
- Recorded spellings are counted separately and never merged. P-GP, PGP and P-GLYCOPROTEIN are three entries in this dataset because they are three strings in the corpus; whether they name one thing is a question for a person, and prefix relationships are reported as questions rather than resolved.
- 9088 of 9855 records name no enzyme or transporter at all. That is an absence of recorded text in the sources fetched for those records. It is neither reassurance nor alarm about the medicines concerned.
- 20358 of 20358 admitted mentions come from records the deterministic label parser produced, where no person chose the value or wrote its measurement context. The sentence is stored with each one so a reader can check it.
- The uniform reference for concentration allocates the same 20358 mentions over the same 36 counterparties by chance. Labels are not written that way, so the reference shows only that the observed spread is not a consequence of how many mentions there are.
- The public rows enumerate documentation about one medicine and one named counterparty. They never create medicine-to-medicine pairs and cannot answer whether two medicines interact.
- A NOT_RECORDED role or polarity remains unresolved. It is never folded into an assertion or a denial.
- Each returned group includes every admitted source sentence for checking, but the full source document remains authoritative.
Provenance
Source examples
Abacavir · CYP3A4 inhibitor
2 asserted · 2 denied · 0 polarity not recorded
FDA_LABEL:5676d391-f9a4-44be-9604-954b3d8d0e2b (opens source in a new tab)In vitro experiments reveal that abacavir does not inhibit human CYP3A4, CYP2D6, or CYP2C9 activity at clinically relevant concentrations.
Abacavir · BCRP substrate
0 asserted · 4 denied · 0 polarity not recorded
FDA_LABEL:5676d391-f9a4-44be-9604-954b3d8d0e2b (opens source in a new tab)Based on in vitro study results, abacavir at therapeutic drug exposures is not expected to affect the pharmacokinetics of drugs that are substrates of the following transporters: organic anion transporter polypeptide (OATP)1B1/3, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) or P-glycoprotein (P-gp), organic cation transporter (OCT)1, OCT2, or multidrug and toxic extrusion protein (MATE)1 and MATE2-K.
Abacavir · CYP2C9 not_recorded
0 asserted · 0 denied · 2 polarity not recorded
FDA_LABEL:5676d391-f9a4-44be-9604-954b3d8d0e2b (opens source in a new tab)Abacavir did not inhibit or induce other CYP enzymes (such as CYP2C9, or CYP2D6).
Artifact used for this view: data/agents/current/enzyme-and-transporter-documentation.json. The reader resolves the current run first and uses the checked-in compatibility run only when a current artifact is absent.
Schema
Fields in the public projection
| Field | Type | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| medicineSlug | string | Stable RNAWiki medicine route key. |
| medicineName | string | Recorded medicine name; not normalized for display style. |
| counterparty | string | The exact recorded counterparty spelling. |
| role | string | SUBSTRATE, INHIBITOR, INDUCER, or NOT_RECORDED when the sentence did not settle one role. |
| assertedCount | number | Sentence records whose polarity is ASSERTED. |
| deniedCount | number | Sentence records whose polarity is NEGATED. |
| polarityNotRecordedCount | number | Sentence records for which the parser did not settle assertion or denial. |
| sentences | sentence[] | Every admitted sentence for this group, with polarity, section, source identity, source version/effective date or explicit absence, retrieval date, and exact excerpt. The list is not truncated. |
Reader
Search and filter the rows
Showing 541–550 of 8,404 matching rows. Filters and search terms remain attached when you move between pages or open the API view.
Projected row 541
- Medicine slug
- avanafil
- Medicine name
- Avanafil
- Enzyme or transporter
- CYP3A4
- Role
- INHIBITOR
- Asserted sentences
- 15
- Denied sentences
- 0
- Polarity not recorded
- 0
- Complete sentence records
- ASSERTEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Drug Interaction Studies Clinical Studies Effect of CYP3A4 Inhibitors on Avanafil: Strong and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors increase plasma concentrations of avanafil.
- ASSERTEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
The effect of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, ketoconazole and ritonavir, and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, erythromycin, on avanafil pharmacokinetics was studied in an open-label, randomized, one-sequence crossover, three-way parallel study.
- ASSERTEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Fifteen healthy male volunteers received 400 mg ketoconazole (2 tablets containing 200 mg ketoconazole) once daily for 5 days (Days 2 to 6) and a single 50 mg avanafil on Days 1 and 6.
- ASSERTEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Co-administration with the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole resulted in an approximate 13-fold increase in AUC 0-inf and 3.1-fold increase in C max .
- ASSERTEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Co-administration with the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir resulted in an approximate 13-fold increase in AUC 0-inf and 2.4-fold increase in C max of avanafil.
- ASSERTEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors Fifteen healthy male volunteers received 500 mg erythromycin (2 tablets containing 250 mg erythromycin) every 12 hrs for 5 days (Days 2 to 6) and a single 200 mg avanafil (2 tablets containing 100 mg avanafil) on Days 1 and 6.
- ASSERTEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Co-administration with the moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor erythromycin resulted in an approximate 3.6-fold increase in AUC 0-inf and 2.0-fold increase in C max of avanafil.
- ASSERTEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
An 800 mg dose of avanafil (4 times the highest recommended dose) was chosen because this dose yields exposures greater than those observed upon co-administration of avanafil with strong CYP3A4 inhibitors.
- ASSERTEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Drug Interaction Studies Clinical Studies Effect of CYP3A4 Inhibitors on Avanafil: Strong and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitors increase plasma concentrations of avanafil.
- ASSERTEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
The effect of strong CYP3A4 inhibitors, ketoconazole and ritonavir, and moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor, erythromycin, on avanafil pharmacokinetics was studied in an open-label, randomized, one-sequence crossover, three-way parallel study.
- ASSERTEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Strong CYP3A4 Inhibitors Fifteen healthy male volunteers received 400 mg ketoconazole (2 tablets containing 200 mg ketoconazole) once daily for 5 days (Days 2 to 6) and a single 50 mg avanafil on Days 1 and 6.
- ASSERTEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Co-administration with the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ketoconazole resulted in an approximate 13-fold increase in AUC 0-inf and 3.1-fold increase in C max .
- ASSERTEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Co-administration with the strong CYP3A4 inhibitor ritonavir resulted in an approximate 13-fold increase in AUC 0-inf and 2.4-fold increase in C max of avanafil.
- ASSERTEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Moderate CYP3A4 Inhibitors Fifteen healthy male volunteers received 500 mg erythromycin (2 tablets containing 250 mg erythromycin) every 12 hrs for 5 days (Days 2 to 6) and a single 200 mg avanafil (2 tablets containing 100 mg avanafil) on Days 1 and 6.
- ASSERTEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Co-administration with the moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor erythromycin resulted in an approximate 3.6-fold increase in AUC 0-inf and 2.0-fold increase in C max of avanafil.
Projected row 542
- Medicine slug
- avanafil
- Medicine name
- Avanafil
- Enzyme or transporter
- CYP3A4
- Role
- NOT_RECORDED
- Asserted sentences
- 0
- Denied sentences
- 0
- Polarity not recorded
- 2
- Complete sentence records
- NOT_RECORDEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Metabolism and Excretion Avanafil is cleared predominantly by hepatic metabolism, mainly by the CYP3A4 enzyme and to a minor extent by CYP2C isoform.
- NOT_RECORDEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:1d04e17d-7399-430a-a8bb-fa1912b155e9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avanafil label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Metabolism and Excretion Avanafil is cleared predominantly by hepatic metabolism, mainly by the CYP3A4 enzyme and to a minor extent by CYP2C isoform.
Projected row 543
- Medicine slug
- avapritinib
- Medicine name
- Avapritinib
- Enzyme or transporter
- BCRP
- Role
- NOT_RECORDED
- Asserted sentences
- 0
- Denied sentences
- 0
- Polarity not recorded
- 2
- Complete sentence records
- NOT_RECORDEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Transporter Systems: Avapritinib is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), intestinal BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, and BSEP, but not an inhibitor of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, or OCT2.
- NOT_RECORDEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Transporter Systems: Avapritinib is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), intestinal BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, and BSEP, but not an inhibitor of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, or OCT2.
Projected row 544
- Medicine slug
- avapritinib
- Medicine name
- Avapritinib
- Enzyme or transporter
- BCRP
- Role
- SUBSTRATE
- Asserted sentences
- 0
- Denied sentences
- 2
- Polarity not recorded
- 0
- Complete sentence records
- NEGATEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not a substrate of P-gp or BCRP, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, OCT2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MATE1, MATE2-K and BSEP.
- NEGATEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not a substrate of P-gp or BCRP, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, OCT2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MATE1, MATE2-K and BSEP.
Projected row 545
- Medicine slug
- avapritinib
- Medicine name
- Avapritinib
- Enzyme or transporter
- BSEP
- Role
- NOT_RECORDED
- Asserted sentences
- 0
- Denied sentences
- 0
- Polarity not recorded
- 2
- Complete sentence records
- NOT_RECORDEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Transporter Systems: Avapritinib is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), intestinal BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, and BSEP, but not an inhibitor of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, or OCT2.
- NOT_RECORDEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Transporter Systems: Avapritinib is an inhibitor of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), intestinal BCRP, MATE1, MATE2-K, and BSEP, but not an inhibitor of OATP1B1, OATP1B3, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, or OCT2.
Projected row 546
- Medicine slug
- avapritinib
- Medicine name
- Avapritinib
- Enzyme or transporter
- BSEP
- Role
- SUBSTRATE
- Asserted sentences
- 0
- Denied sentences
- 2
- Polarity not recorded
- 0
- Complete sentence records
- NEGATEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not a substrate of P-gp or BCRP, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, OCT2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MATE1, MATE2-K and BSEP.
- NEGATEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not a substrate of P-gp or BCRP, OAT1, OAT3, OCT1, OCT2, OATP1B1, OATP1B3, MATE1, MATE2-K and BSEP.
Projected row 547
- Medicine slug
- avapritinib
- Medicine name
- Avapritinib
- Enzyme or transporter
- CYP1A2
- Role
- INDUCER
- Asserted sentences
- 0
- Denied sentences
- 2
- Polarity not recorded
- 0
- Complete sentence records
- NEGATEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not an inducer of CYP1A2 or CYP2B6.
- NEGATEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not an inducer of CYP1A2 or CYP2B6.
Projected row 548
- Medicine slug
- avapritinib
- Medicine name
- Avapritinib
- Enzyme or transporter
- CYP1A2
- Role
- INHIBITOR
- Asserted sentences
- 0
- Denied sentences
- 4
- Polarity not recorded
- 0
- Complete sentence records
- NEGATEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations.
- NEGATEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
M499 is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations.
- NEGATEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations.
- NEGATEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
M499 is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations.
Projected row 549
- Medicine slug
- avapritinib
- Medicine name
- Avapritinib
- Enzyme or transporter
- CYP2B6
- Role
- INDUCER
- Asserted sentences
- 0
- Denied sentences
- 2
- Polarity not recorded
- 0
- Complete sentence records
- NEGATEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not an inducer of CYP1A2 or CYP2B6.
- NEGATEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not an inducer of CYP1A2 or CYP2B6.
Projected row 550
- Medicine slug
- avapritinib
- Medicine name
- Avapritinib
- Enzyme or transporter
- CYP2B6
- Role
- INHIBITOR
- Asserted sentences
- 0
- Denied sentences
- 4
- Polarity not recorded
- 0
- Complete sentence records
- NEGATEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations.
- NEGATEDpharmacokineticsRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
M499 is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations.
- NEGATEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
Avapritinib is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations.
- NEGATEDclinical_pharmacologyRetrieved 2026-08-30FDA_LABEL:645c887c-8cd4-4623-8da9-ac223d71a8b9 (opens source in a new tab)
Avapritinib label
Version not recorded · Effective date not recorded
M499 is not an inhibitor of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, CYP2C19, or CYP2D6 at clinically relevant concentrations.
Access
Query or download the projection
GET /api/datasets/enzyme-transporter-negatives?limit=10&offset=540Allowed query parameters
- q
- Case-insensitive text search over the public fields named for this dataset.
- role
- Exact recorded role.Values: INDUCER, INHIBITOR, NOT_RECORDED, SUBSTRATE
- counterparty
- Exact recorded counterparty spelling.
- limit / offset
- Pagination is required. limit is at most 200; offset is bounded. Set format=csv for the same projected page as a download.
Reuse and corrections
Keep the boundary attached
CC BY 4.0 applies to RNAWiki licenses its selection, schema, structure, and derived projection. Quoted source passages and third-party records retain their original rights.
Cite RNAWiki, this dataset identifier, and the generated date. Keep the “does not mean” statement with any downstream display so a corpus measurement is not mistaken for medical advice.