This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Zinc Oxide does in the body
Helps protect against sunburn.
4) ] . Betamethasone dipropionate is a corticosteroid. Corticosteroids play a role in cellular signaling, immune function, inflammation, and protein regulation; however, the precise mechanism of action for the treatment of tinea pedis, tinea cruris and tinea corporis is unknown.
Why people take it. Helps protect against sunburn.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · SOI2LOH54Z · read 2026-08-29
The supplement label database classes it as mineral, under the name Zinc.
The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 57 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Biomarker
A biomarker is a number from a test that stands in for something about health.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A biomarker is like a fuel gauge.
Where that stops being true. A gauge is wired to the tank. Many biomarkers are only loosely tied to health.
What people get wrong. A better number is read as a better life. Several medicines improved a number and helped nobody.
A measurable indicator used as a substitute for a clinical outcome of interest.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Mood
symptoms of depression
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
In-hospital unexpected death
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01949025
How many people
69656
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Topical
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Subjective Happiness Scale
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02041741
How many people
10863
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Topical
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Degree of knowledge and attitudes on suicide and suicide prevention
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05539534
How many people
10000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Topical
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
CLDQ-NAFLD
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04647409
How many people
10000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Topical
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The Proportion of Patients Presenting at the ED But Being Treated by the GPC After Referral
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03793972
How many people
8158
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Topical
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Screening uptake
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07472036
How many people
7947
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Topical
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.3 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
□AnimalsNo evidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.No animal record is stored.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
inflammatory lesions counts at week 12
improve in the level of dna methylated
post inflammatory hyperpigmentation change
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (37)
symptoms of depression
fractional absorption of zinc
depigmentation of melasma lesions by colorimetry
melanin index
sun burning
incidence of rash
h e staining
overall photodamage
appearance of fine lines/wrinkles
appearance of coarse lines/wrinkles
tactile roughness
underglove failure rate compared between all competitors
mmasi at week 12
skin crepiness
skin elasticity
skin firmness
skin sagging
skin roughness
evenness of skin tone
evenness of skin redness
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Drug Facts Active Ingredients Active Ingredients Purpose Zinc Oxide 22.0% Sunscreen Uses ■ helps prevent sunburn ■ higher SPF gives more sunburn protection ■ provides high protection against sunburn ■ if used as directed with other sun protection measures (see Directions ), decreases the risk of skin cancer and early skin aging caused by the sun Warnings For external use only. Do not use on damaged or broken skin.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Topical
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as ointment, cream, stick, lotion, given by the topical, oral, cutaneous route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Zinc Oxide appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 23008 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Topical
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
5022 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 2584 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 71398-013 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as aerosol, aerosol, foam, aerosol, spray, bead, capsule, gelatin coated and capsule, liquid filled, taken cutaneous, oral, rectal and suprachoroidal.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 71398-013 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is copper absorption inhibitor [epc] and decreased copper ion absorption [pe].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 71398-013 · read 2026-08-29
4173 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 2213 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · f459c27e-e607-47ba-e053-2a95a90a901f · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · f459c27e-e607-47ba-e053-2a95a90a901f · read 2026-08-29
Recorded price in US: 0.01551–0.36151 USD per one gram, across 11 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Zinc Oxide studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Zinc Oxide are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
SOI2LOH54Z
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✓ Passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Quoted from a stored source.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✗ Not passed
Safety mode resolved
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
1 approved application covers products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA021026, approved 20060216 to MYLAN.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q1
What did Zinc Oxide's largest trial (3507 people) and its longest (11 years) measure?
3507 people in Zinc Oxide's largest registered study, 11 years in its longest registered window, measuring Serum levels of cotinine, zinc, and cadmium at 3 pre-supplementation visits and at 6 supplementation visits. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
22 na, 6 phase2, 5 phase3, 3 phase1, 3 phase4, 2 early phase1; NCT00376987; 2015-06. Last human test completed 2026, NCT07565181.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Zinc Oxide was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
22
phase2
6
phase3
5
phase1
3
phase4
3
early phase1
2
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT07565181
2026-03-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
Zinc Oxide was tested only in human — what did it show?
4 recorded entries; human; also "Hydrocortisone 1% cream", "Hydroquinone 4% Cream", "Topical niacinamide 5% cream"
Show the evidence
human
NCT00283660
10 mg zinc oxide
NCT01874860
Hydrocortisone 1% cream
NCT03751163
Hydroquinone 4% Cream
NCT07286318
Topical niacinamide 5% cream
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
More Zinc Oxide was worse in human: at what point?
Hormetic in human: "Our results indicate that foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles is a viable strategy for reducing Cd accumulation in lettuce and other leafy vegetables under Cd-induced hormesis, thereby ensuring food safety." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2025-12-04
3 recorded sentences naming Zinc Oxide; hormesis, hormetic, biphasic
Show the evidence
hormesisPMID 41343535
"Our results indicate that foliar application of zinc oxide nanoparticles is a viable strategy for reducing Cd accumulation in lettuce and other leafy vegetables under Cd-induced hormesis, thereby ensuring food safety."
hormeticPMID 39095741
"This study explores the hormetic response of low concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa."
biphasicPMID 36138291
"The ecotoxicological risk to vertebrates posed by zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) is still poorly understood, especially in animals with a biphasic life cycle, which have aquatic and terrestrial phases, such as amphibians."
recorded 2025-12-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Zinc Oxide's effect on symptoms of depression?
Symptoms of depression: measured in Zinc Oxide's trials.
Interpretation symptoms of depression is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
symptoms of depression; 2026-09-01
fractional absorption of zinc; 2026-09-01
depigmentation of melasma lesions by colorimetry; 2026-09-01
melanin index; 2026-09-01
sun burning; 2026-09-01
incidence of rash; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
h e staining; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
inflammatory lesions counts at week 12; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
overall photodamage; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
appearance of fine lines/wrinkles; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
appearance of coarse lines/wrinkles; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
tactile roughness; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
underglove failure rate compared between all competitors; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
improve in the level of dna methylated; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
mmasi at week 12; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
skin crepiness; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
skin elasticity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
skin firmness; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
skin sagging; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
skin roughness; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
19
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
2; NCT01892150; NA; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; COMPLETED
Q7
Which of adverse events through 21 2 days, appearance of coarse lines/wrinkles and appearance of fine lines/wrinkles did Zinc Oxide's trials measure?
adverse events through 21 2 days, appearance of coarse lines/wrinkles and appearance of fine lines/wrinkles lead 40 outcome terms across Zinc Oxide's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
melanin index, sun burning, incidence of rash, h e staining, inflammatory lesions counts at week 12 and overall photodamage follow.
Show the evidence
symptoms of depression
1
fractional absorption of zinc
1
depigmentation of melasma lesions by colorimetry
1
melanin index
1
sun burning
1
incidence of rash
1
14 more recorded rows
h e staining
1
inflammatory lesions counts at week 12
1
overall photodamage
1
appearance of fine lines/wrinkles
1
appearance of coarse lines/wrinkles
1
tactile roughness
1
underglove failure rate compared between all competitors
1
improve in the level of dna methylated
1
mmasi at week 12
1
skin crepiness
1
skin elasticity
1
skin firmness
1
skin sagging
1
skin roughness
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Zinc Oxide's 2 ongoing trials reports first?
Wound healing; Change in baseline AK count; latest 2027-06-30
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT07193849
"Zinc Oxide VS MEBO"; n 76; "Wound healing"; 2025-12-31
NCT07286318
"A Randomized Controlled Trial of Topical 5% Niacinamide for Skin Cancer Prevention in Transplant Recipients"; n 20; "Change in baseline AK count"; 2027-06-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 26 trials of Zinc Oxide posted no result?
Posted no result
26 of 26 completed trials
Registrations
NCT02346188, NCT00283660, NCT00362986, NCT01576627, NCT01892150 and NCT01695356, and 20 more
Completion dates
oldest 2001-12; newest 2024-08-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02346188
2001-12
NCT00283660
2006-10
NCT00362986
2009-10
NCT01576627
2012-11
NCT01892150
2013-07
NCT01695356
2013-11
14 further recorded trials
NCT01804595
2013-12
NCT00376987
2015-06
NCT03392623
2016-12-01
NCT03751163
2017-04-02
NCT01874860
2018-07
NCT03309059
2018-08-01
NCT04065035
2019-07-17
NCT04123743
2019-11-10
NCT04545970
2020-07-06
NCT05271136
2020-10-13
NCT05089851
2021-06-03
NCT05157711
2022-03-31
NCT05272787
2022-06-16
NCT06436261
2022-07-01
Q10
At the median, Zinc Oxide's trials enrolled 35 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
35
Largest enrolment
3507
Registered trials counted
39
Q11
What do 23008 spontaneous reports say about Zinc Oxide — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Zinc Oxide appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 23008 reaction mentions were counted: pain 2762; alopecia 2564; systemic lupus erythematosus 2523; pemphigus 2523. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL3988900 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
pain
2762
alopecia
2564
systemic lupus erythematosus
2523
pemphigus
2523
abdominal discomfort
2489
rheumatoid arthritis
2273
4 more recorded rows
fatigue
2269
glossodynia
2063
swelling
1839
hand deformity
1703
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
What is recorded about Zinc Oxide and autophagy?
"This study aimed to the cytotoxicity of the type of cell death through apoptosis and autophagy, and odontoblast cell-like differentiation effects of MTA, zinc oxide-eugenol, and two experimental Portland cements modified with bismuth (Portland Bi) and barium (Portland Ba) on primary cell cultures." — where Zinc Oxide and autophagy appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2023-10-29
autophagy, mTOR, AMPK; PMID 37999155, 33843441
Show the evidence
autophagy
PMID 37999155
"This study aimed to the cytotoxicity of the type of cell death through apoptosis and autophagy, and odontoblast cell-like differentiation effects of MTA, zinc oxide-eugenol, and two experimental Portland cements modified with bismuth (Portland Bi) and barium (Portland Ba) on primary cell cultures."
PMID 37999155
"Contact with zinc oxide-eugenol induced neither DNA fragmentation nor apoptotic caspase-3 activation and autophagy inhibitors (3-methyladenine, bafilomycin)."
mTORPMID 33843441
"Overall, our study indicates that ferroptosis is a novel mechanism for ZnONPs-induced endothelial cytotoxicity, and that NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy is required for ZnONPs-induced ferroptotic cell death.<b>Abbreviations:</b> 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: Actin beta; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: Autophagy-related; BafA1: Bafilomycin A1; CQ: Choloroquine; DFP: Deferiprone; FACS:…"
AMPKPMID 33843441
"Overall, our study indicates that ferroptosis is a novel mechanism for ZnONPs-induced endothelial cytotoxicity, and that NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy is required for ZnONPs-induced ferroptotic cell death.<b>Abbreviations:</b> 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: Actin beta; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: Autophagy-related; BafA1: Bafilomycin A1; CQ: Choloroquine; DFP: Deferiprone; FACS:…"
autophagyPMID 33843441
"Overall, our study indicates that ferroptosis is a novel mechanism for ZnONPs-induced endothelial cytotoxicity, and that NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy is required for ZnONPs-induced ferroptotic cell death.<b>Abbreviations:</b> 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACTB: Actin beta; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: Autophagy-related; BafA1: Bafilomycin A1; CQ: Choloroquine; DFP: Deferiprone; FACS:…"
recorded 2023-10-29 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md
✗ required summary fields resolved: 5 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 9 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.