No plain explanation of what this changes is stored.
No recorded use is stored in reader language.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 26 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Protein
A protein is a folded chain your body builds to do a specific job.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A protein is like a tool bent into one shape for one task.
Where that stops being true. A tool keeps its shape. A protein can change shape and stop working.
What people get wrong. Protein in food and a protein in the body are related but not the same thing.
A polymer of amino acids folded into a defined structure that determines its function.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 2 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Energy
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Energy
vitality
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
nerve activity in healthy subjects and IBS patients
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01912313
How many people
99999999
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Subjects With Histopathologically-confirmed Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN)2+ Associated With HPV-16 and/or -18 Cervical Infection in Subjects HPV DNA Negative and Seronegative at Baseline or Overall (Any Serostatus at Baseline)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00122681
How many people
18729
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or more (CIN 2+) caused by HPV type 16 and/or 18.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02733068
How many people
12000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Subjects With Newly Acquired Genital Herpes Disease, Caused by Either Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)-1 or HSV-2
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00057330
How many people
8323
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Subjects With Histopathologically-confirmed Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN1+) and/or Persistent Infection (6 Month+ Definition) Associated With Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-16 and/or HPV-18 at Month 24
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00779766
How many people
6081
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Subjects With Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00224484
How many people
5960
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
□A number that stands in for healthNo evidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.No registered study measures this.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Yeast, C. elegans (roundworm), Drosophila (fruit fly), Mouse, Rat, Dog, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Suitable for: People with diabetes.1. individuals who enjoy sweets, refinedcarbohydrates, and high-carb foods and wantto manage their daily sugar intake;2. Individuals with initially high blood glucoselevels as this product can help promote glucosemetabolism and balance blood sugar;3. Has an ameliorating effect for individualswith insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, anddiabetes.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as capsule, injection, solution, given by the oral, percutaneous, subcutaneous route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
6 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 4 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65044-3713 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as capsule and injection, solution, taken oral, percutaneous and subcutaneous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65044-3713 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is allergens [cs], cell-mediated immunity [pe] and dietary proteins [cs].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65044-3713 · read 2026-08-29
2 published labels name it as an active ingredient. None of them describes this substance alone, so no label text on this page can be attributed to it rather than to a combination.
US prescribing information · 468a15c7-c6f8-ed82-e063-6294a90a5520 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug.
US prescribing information · 468a15c7-c6f8-ed82-e063-6294a90a5520 · read 2026-08-29
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
Watching one thing carefully can tell you whether it moved. It cannot tell you what moved it.
This is sold without a prescription, so a person can sensibly watch one thing and see whether it moves.
Pick one goal. One goal only. Two at once cannot be told apart afterwards.
Pick one thing to watch. No registered study lists a measure RNAWiki could read for this.
Measure before you start. Take the same measurement several times first. One reading is not a starting point.
Know the swing. Write down how much it moves on its own across a normal week.
Change one thing. Change nothing else at the same time, including training and sleep.
Give it the study length. No finished study window is recorded, so no length is suggested here.
Track whether you took it. Missed days are the most common reason a home test shows nothing.
Read the trend. Look at the line across weeks. A single reading tells you almost nothing.
What not to measure
Anything that swings more day to day than the change you are looking for.
A wearable estimate of sleep stages, which is an estimate and not a measurement.
Weight on one morning, which mostly records water.
A feeling you did not write down before starting.
When to stop
Stop if something new and unpleasant starts, and ask a pharmacist or doctor.
Stop if you cannot keep everything else steady, because the result will not mean anything.
Stop at the end of the window you set, and read the trend then.
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki does not work out an amount for anyone.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How much did people take in the studies?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. A result belongs to an amount. Without the amount the result floats free.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Yeast are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
3NY3SM6B8U
CAS registry number
8013-01-2
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2108815
EMA substance identifier
100000088090
DrugBank
DB11017
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✗ Not passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries no source: the record holds neither an explanation nor a recorded use.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✓ Passed
Safety mode resolved
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
The earliest marketing start date recorded for a listed product is 19410419.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65044-3713 · read 2026-08-29
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What to learn next
Ordered by what would most change how you read this page, starting with what is easiest to misunderstand.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
7 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
Felt, measured, or meaningful — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (9)
Q1
What did Yeast's largest trial (40 people) and its longest (15 months) measure?
40 people in Yeast's largest registered study, 15 months in its longest registered window, measuring total motile sperm. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
1 phase1; NCT02814695; 2021-11-09; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2021, NCT02814695.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Yeast was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase1
1
Last recorded human testNCT02814695
2021-11-09
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From yeast to human: where has Yeast shown lifespan?
C. elegans: lifespan, Drosophila: lifespan, NHP: lifespan, yeast: lifespan, mouse: lifespan, rat: lifespan, dog: lifespan and human: mechanism-only (1): the rungs where Yeast has a recorded finding. Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov · organism ladder · 2026-09-01
Interpretation total motile sperm — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
C. elegans
lifespan
Drosophila
lifespan
NHP
lifespan
yeast
lifespan
mouse
lifespan
rat
lifespan
2 more recorded rows
dog
lifespan
humanNCT02814695
mechanism-only; total motile sperm; 1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
Did Yeast move Horvath, and by how much?
Horvath: "The ATPase activity was also inhibited by the following cationic, amphiphilic peptides: the bee venom peptide, melittin; a synthetic peptide corresponding to the presence of yeast cytochrome oxidase subunit IV (WT), and amphiphilic, synthetic peptides which have been shown (Roise, D., Franziska, T., Horvath, S.J.,…" Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 1989-08-01
1 recorded sentence; 1989; biomarker
Show the evidence
HorvathPMID 2527062
1989; "The ATPase activity was also inhibited by the following cationic, amphiphilic peptides: the bee venom peptide, melittin; a synthetic peptide corresponding to the presence of yeast cytochrome oxidase subunit IV (WT), and amphiphilic, synthetic peptides which have been shown (Roise, D., Franziska, T., Horvath, S.J., Tomich, J.M., Richards, J.H., Allison, D.S. and Schatz, G. (1988) EMBO J. 7,…"
recorded 1989-08-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
More Yeast was worse in human: at what point?
Hormetic in human: "Evaluation of several hundred lifespan extending agents using yeast, nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), multiple insect and other invertebrate and vertebrate models (e.g., fish, rodents), revealed they responded in a manner [average (mean/median) and maximum lifespans] consistent with the quantitative features [i.e.,…" Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2026-08-15
5 recorded sentences naming Yeast; Hormesis, dose-response, biphasic
Show the evidence
HormesisPMID 38182079
"Evaluation of several hundred lifespan extending agents using yeast, nematode (Caenorhabditis elegans), multiple insect and other invertebrate and vertebrate models (e.g., fish, rodents), revealed they responded in a manner [average (mean/median) and maximum lifespans] consistent with the quantitative features [i.e., 30-60% greater at maximum (Hormesis Rule)] of the hormetic dose response."
dose-response
PMID 42645059
"We report a freeze-dried ready-to-use yeast thyroid screen (YTS), preserving the general dose-response characteristics of the freshly prepared counterpart."
PMID 42645059
"Throughout the 5-month study, the freeze-dried recombinant yeast assay retained comparable dose-response characteristics to those of the freshly prepared counterpart, displaying median values of EC<sub>50</sub> in the range of 350 nM to 550 nM and LODs in the range of 20 nM to 45 nM of the reference compound thyroxine (T4)."
biphasicPMID 41892945
"Upon temperature elevation, the yeast cells exhibited a biphasic thermal response: Phase I was marked by a progressive membrane permeability increase, concomitant with gradual cell death and a corresponding rise in fluorescence intensity."
dose-responsePMID 42521161
"In the Phase 1, assessment of anti-oxidant potential, anti-inflammatory activity, and yeast cell proliferation action was performed in a dose-response study (10-1000 μg/mL)."
recorded 2026-08-15 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Could one person measure Yeast's effect on vitality?
Vitality: measured in Yeast's trials.
Interpretation vitality is the recorded endpoint.
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biomarkers
vitality; 2026-09-01
oxidative stress; 2026-09-01
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life; a small human trial reporting an effect
Q6
Which one trial of Yeast posted no result?
Posted no result
1 of 1 completed trials
Registrations
NCT02814695
Completion dates
oldest 2021-11-09
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TrialNCT02814695
2021-11-09
Q7
At the median, Yeast's trials enrolled 40 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
40
Largest enrolment
40
Registered trials counted
1
Q8
Was Yeast studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Yeast's label sentences: "In children and adolescents with T2D, dapagliflozin achieved significant improvements in glycemia in the trial.<sup>1</sup> In June 2023, following another pivotal trial, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved empagliflozin and the combination of empagliflozin and metformin as…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2023-11-28
1 recorded statement; exercise
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exercise
In children and adolescents with T2D, dapagliflozin achieved significant improvements in glycemia in the trial.<sup>1</sup> In June 2023, following another pivotal trial, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved empagliflozin and the combination of empagliflozin and metformin as additions to diet and exercise to improve blood sugar control in children 10 years and older with T2D.
recorded 2023-11-28 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
What is recorded about Yeast and sirtuin?
"Sirtuins are NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent enzymes that are conserved in all domains of life, including mammals, metazoans, plasmodia, yeast, bacteria, and archaea." — where Yeast and sirtuin appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-08-25
"Sirtuins are NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent enzymes that are conserved in all domains of life, including mammals, metazoans, plasmodia, yeast, bacteria, and archaea."
NAD+PMID 41304967
"Sirtuins are NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent enzymes that are conserved in all domains of life, including mammals, metazoans, plasmodia, yeast, bacteria, and archaea."
sirtuinPMID 42641908
"SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase and mammalian ortholog of yeast Sir2, linking longevity, caloric restriction, neuroprotection, metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress regulation."
NAD+PMID 42641908
"SIRT1 is an NAD+-dependent class III histone deacetylase and mammalian ortholog of yeast Sir2, linking longevity, caloric restriction, neuroprotection, metabolism, inflammation, and oxidative stress regulation."
sirtuinPMID 40695395
"Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay confirmed SIRT1 binds Chlamys farreri FOXL2 via two sequences (SIF1: +28-+35; SIF2: +53-+60)."
autophagy
PMID 42504074
"Macroautophagy/autophagy is a conserved eukaryotic intracellular degradation pathway, with specialized forms such as the biosynthetic cytoplasm-to-vacuole targeting (Cvt) pathway in yeast, which selectively delivers several resident hydrolase precursors to the vacuole rather than for turnover."
PMID 42504074
"Collectively, our findings demonstrate that AtEBM is targeted to the vacuole through a selective biosynthetic autophagy, which is functionally similar to, but molecularly distinct from the yeast Cvt pathway.<b>Abbreviations</b>: AIM: ATG8-family interacting motif; Ams1: α-mannosidase; Ape1: aminopeptidase I; ATG: autophagy related; Co-IP: co-immunoprecipitation; ConA: concanamycin A; Prc1/CPY:…"
PMID 41006286
"Here, working in yeast, we show that V-ATPase dysfunction activates a selective autophagy flux termed "V-ATPase-dependent autophagy "."
mTORPMID 39291740
"In this review, we particularly focus on autophagy impairments occurring in several human illnesses and investigate how probiotics affect the autophagy process under various circumstances.<b>Abbreviation</b>: AD: Alzheimer disease; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: 5'AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; CCl<sub>4</sub>: carbon tetrachloride; CFS: cell-free supernatant; CMA:…"
AMPKPMID 39291740
"In this review, we particularly focus on autophagy impairments occurring in several human illnesses and investigate how probiotics affect the autophagy process under various circumstances.<b>Abbreviation</b>: AD: Alzheimer disease; AKT: AKT serine/threonine kinase; AMPK: 5'AMP-activated protein kinase; ATG: autophagy related; CCl<sub>4</sub>: carbon tetrachloride; CFS: cell-free supernatant; CMA:…"
NAD+PMID 41539564
"Isonicotinamide (INAM) is an isomer of the NAD<sup>+</sup> precursor nicotinamide (NAM) that stimulates the enzymatic activity of Sir2, an NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent histone deacetylase from the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae."
recorded 2026-08-25 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 9 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
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