Its recorded molecular formula is C33H54CaO6, weighing 586.9.
PubChem record · 69540411 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No plain explanation of what this changes is stored.
No recorded use is stored in reader language.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 26 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved2 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Cholesterol
reverse cholesterol transport of the hdl; lipid panel in plasma and triglyceride concentration
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
2 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Number of participants diagnosed with serious Covid-19
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04609423
How many people
47210
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Risk of death
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01138449
How many people
44984
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Infant Mortality Through 6 mo of Age
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00860470
How many people
44567
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Participants With Major Cardiovascular Events (a Combined Endpoint of Nonfatal Myocardial Infarction, Nonfatal Stroke, and Total Cardiovascular Death)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00000479
How many people
39876
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Participants With Prostate Cancer
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00006392
How many people
35533
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
1. HIV infection rate among baseline HIV-negative babies born to HIV-positive mothers at 24 months
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00198718
How many people
28220
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.1 registered measure of this kind. 2 written-up studies measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.8 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Yeast, C. elegans (roundworm), Drosophila (fruit fly), Mouse, Rat, Dog, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
neuropsychiatric inventory change from baseline
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
high sensitivity c reactive protein
reverse cholesterol transport of the hdl
serum tocopherol levels
brachial artery flow mediated dilation at day 7 from day 0
gamma tocopherol in plasma adipose
malondialdehyde in plasma urine
isoprostanes in plasma urine
lipid panel in plasma and triglyceride concentration
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
incidence of dementia
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (30)
major cardiovascular events
cancer excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer
cardiovascular disease
cancer
treatment failure
prostate cancer
pulmonary function over time by arm of study
calprotectin in stools at baseline week 4 week 6 week 10
adverse events by nci ctc version 3 0
mini mental state examination change from baseline
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
【Energized Skin with Enhanced Elasticity】:Caffeine stimulates mcirculation to firm and tighten the skin. By energizing the dermal layers, it supports collagen production, visibly lifting sagging areas and delivering a refreshed, sculpted appearance.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No form or route is recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing is recorded about product quality.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
.BETA.-TOCOPHEROL appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 23050 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
The exact form studied is not recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
1 published label names it as an active ingredient. None of them describes this substance alone, so no label text on this page can be attributed to it rather than to a combination.
US prescribing information · 3f60193e-4b95-6759-e063-6394a90a991c · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug.
US prescribing information · 3f60193e-4b95-6759-e063-6394a90a991c · read 2026-08-29
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
A single-person plan is offered only as a structure for observing yourself. It never calculates an amount to take, and it cannot prove cause.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people∅Nothing found in the sources checked
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No traced study record is stored for this substance.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✗ Not passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries no source: the record holds neither an explanation nor a recorded use.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✓ Passed
Safety mode resolved
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
9 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA006071, approved 19470728 to ROCHE.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (15)
Q1
What did .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's largest trial (39876 people) and its longest (15 years) measure?
39876 people in .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's largest registered study, 15 years in its longest registered window, measuring Number of Participants With Visually Significant Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
52 phase2, 50 phase3, 43 na, 19 phase1, 17 phase4, 3 na or unstated, 2 early phase1; NCT00392561; 2021-08-19. Last human test completed 2026, NCT07466342.
Interpretation These counts include studies where .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase2
52
phase3
50
na
43
phase1
19
phase4
17
na or unstated
3
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
2
Last recorded human testNCT07466342
2026-01-14
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From yeast to human: where has .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL shown lifespan?
C. elegans: lifespan, Drosophila: lifespan, NHP: mechanism-only, yeast: mechanism-only, mouse: healthspan, rat: mechanism-only, dog: lifespan and human: mechanism-only (175): the rungs where .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL has a recorded finding. Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov · organism ladder · 2026-09-01
Interpretation Number of Participants With Visually Significant Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
C. elegans
lifespan
Drosophila
lifespan
NHP
mechanism-only
yeast
mechanism-only
mouse
healthspan
rat
mechanism-only
2 more recorded rows
dog
lifespan
humanNCT00784225
mechanism-only; Number of Participants With Visually Significant Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD); 175
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
13 of .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's trials stopped: accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?
accrual/recruitment (3), funding/business (2) and other (8): .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Withdrawn study."; 13 of 175 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00003599
withdrawn; "Withdrawn study."
NCT00152841
terminated; "Lack of patients"
NCT00162526
withdrawn; "the PI is no longer work at Hadassah"
NCT00188552
terminated; "May 2007: No annual renewal"
NCT00188669
terminated; "date: August 2006. No annual renewal"
NCT00809458
terminated; "Low rate of accrual."
7 further recorded trials
NCT00840112
terminated; "New data does not support a role of vitamin E in LCHAD associated neuropathy."
NCT01384578
withdrawn; "Lack of funds"
NCT01897792
terminated; "Inability to recruit patients that meet inclusion criteria."
NCT02758990
terminated; "Recruiting and financial constraints"
NCT03669133
terminated; "lack of coordinator resources and lack of access to study resources during and due to the COVID pandemic"
NCT03916068
terminated; "Insufficient enrollment"
NCT04984798
withdrawn; "No study activity took place. The IND was withdrawn with the FDA by the Sponsor Investigator because of insurmountable hurdles in moving proposed research forward"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL used Vitamin E 800IU — over how long?
5 recorded entries; human; also "Aqueous Vitamin E®, 15 IU/0.3 ml", "400 IU Vitamin E", "Vitamin E 400 mg"
Show the evidence
human
NCT00152841
Vitamin E 800IU
NCT01700426
Aqueous Vitamin E®, 15 IU/0.3 ml
NCT02132091
400 IU Vitamin E
NCT05573204
Vitamin E 400 mg
NCT07104786
Vitamin E 400mg
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Did .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL move GrimAge, and by how much?
GrimAge: "Summary-level data about 4 dietary antioxidants (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and carotene) and 4 epigenetic age measures (HannumAge, Intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration [IEAA], GrimAge and PhenoAge) were respectively got from FinnGen Project Database and a meta-analysis of 28 genome-wide association studies…" Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2025-10-01
2 recorded sentences; 2025; biomarker
Show the evidence
GrimAgePMID 41261720
2025; "Summary-level data about 4 dietary antioxidants (vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E and carotene) and 4 epigenetic age measures (HannumAge, Intrinsic epigenetic age acceleration [IEAA], GrimAge and PhenoAge) were respectively got from FinnGen Project Database and a meta-analysis of 28 genome-wide association studies (GWAS) involving 34,710 European participants."
epigenetic agePMID 41261720
2025; "MR analyses found no significant effects of vitamin A, vitamin E and carotene on 4 epigenetic age measures."
recorded 2025-10-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
More .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL was worse in human: at what point?
U-shaped in human: "In men, the association between plasma vitamin E and Hcy concentrations suggested an approximately U-shaped pattern (p for nonlinearity < 0.001)." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2026-08-14
5 recorded sentences naming .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL; U-shaped, dose-response
Show the evidence
U-shaped
PMID 42418008
"In men, the association between plasma vitamin E and Hcy concentrations suggested an approximately U-shaped pattern (p for nonlinearity < 0.001)."
PMID 40053500
"Different dietary tocopherol isoforms have different relationships with CKD progression in patients with CKD, which included an L-shaped association for beta-tocopherol, a reversed J-shaped association for gamma-tocopherol, a U-shaped association for delta-tocopherol and a non-significant association for alpha-tocopherol."
dose-response
"( <italic>p</italic> for nonlinearity > 0.05), the dose-response relationship between vitamin E and homocysteine showed an L-shape."
PMID 42599675
"No significant associations were observed between zinc (<i>P</i> = 0.745) or vitamin E (<i>P</i> = 0.337) intake adequacy and dysmenorrhea severity, and quartile analyses showed no clear dose-response patterns.ConclusionVitamin E inadequacy was highly prevalent, whereas zinc intake was generally adequate among Indonesian female medical students."
PMID 41666659
"A literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (2000-2025) to identify studies examining Se metabolism, selenoprotein activity (GPx1/4 and SELENOP), dose-response relationships, and co-supplementation with vitamin E and zinc."
recorded 2026-08-14 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Could one person measure .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's effect on major cardiovascular events?
Major cardiovascular events: measured in .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's trials.
Interpretation major cardiovascular events is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
major cardiovascular events; 2026-09-01
cancer excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer; 2026-09-01
cardiovascular disease; 2026-09-01
cancer; 2026-09-01
treatment failure; 2026-09-01
prostate cancer; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
incidence of dementia; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pulmonary function over time by arm of study; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
high sensitivity c reactive protein; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
calprotectin in stools at baseline week 4 week 6 week 10; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
adverse events by nci ctc version 3 0; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
mini mental state examination change from baseline; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
neuropsychiatric inventory change from baseline; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
caregiver activity survey change from baseline; 2026-09-01
0; NCT00003599; PHASE3; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q8
Which of 25 hydroxyvitamin d levels over 5 months, adverse events by nci ctc version 3 0 and brachial artery flow mediated dilation at day 7 from day 0 did .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's trials measure?
25 hydroxyvitamin d levels over 5 months, adverse events by nci ctc version 3 0 and brachial artery flow mediated dilation at day 7 from day 0 lead 40 outcome terms across .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation cancer, treatment failure, prostate cancer, incidence of dementia, pulmonary function over time by arm of study and high sensitivity c reactive protein follow.
Show the evidence
major cardiovascular events
1
cancer excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer
1
cardiovascular disease
1
cancer
1
treatment failure
1
prostate cancer
1
14 more recorded rows
incidence of dementia
1
pulmonary function over time by arm of study
1
high sensitivity c reactive protein
1
calprotectin in stools at baseline week 4 week 6 week 10
1
adverse events by nci ctc version 3 0
1
mini mental state examination change from baseline
Acute Change in Flow mediated dilation; Change in Bone exposure area (mm^2); latest 2032-11-30
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02115724
"Nitric Oxide Bioavailability and Early Life Stress (NO-Stress)"; n 74; "Acute Change in Flow mediated dilation"; 2027-01
NCT02690064
"Mechanisms for Vascular Dysfunction and Exercise Tolerance in CF"; n 13; "Acute Change in Flow mediated dilation"; 2027-01
NCT03040778
"Pentoxifylline and Tocopherol (PENTO) in the Treatment of Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ)"; n 100; "Change in Bone exposure area (mm^2)"; 2026-06-30
NCT05573204
"Comparative Study Between Obeticholic Acid Versus Vitamin E in Patients with Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis"; n 59; "Change from baseline fibrosis stage at 6 months; fibrosis improvement (≥ 1 stage), with no worsening of steatosis, detected by fibroscan device"; 2026-12-30
NCT05574036
"Comparative Study Between Febuxostat Versus Vitamin E in Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis Patients With Hyperuricemia"; n 70; "Change in fibrosis stage; fibrosis improvement (≥ 1 stage), with no worsening of NASH, detected by fibroscan device"; 2026-12-25
NCT05771181
"Vitamin E Combined With Fruquintinib and Tislelizumab in Microsatellite Stabilized Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Patients"; n 25; "objective response rate (ORR)"; 2027-02
7 further recorded trials
NCT06494111
"Systemic Therapy of Open-label Prophylactic Pravastatin or Pentoxifylline/Tocopherol Prevention of Lymphedema Advancing to Eventual Fibrosis: an Interventional Registry-embedded Bayesian Randomized Trial for Radiation Sequelae (STOP4-LATE-FIBROSE)"; n 295; "Safety and adverse events (AEs)"; 2031-03-01
NCT06634056
"Pneumonitis Prevention Protocol Using Pentoxifylline and α-tocopherol In Stage III Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemoradiation"; n 150; "Change in risk of Lung Injury"; 2032-11-30
NCT06912763
"Reversing External-beam Radiotherapy-associated Fibrosis Syndrome: an Interventional Bayesian Adaptive Randomized-controlled Orphan Drug Platform Trial for Orodental Sequelae (Reverse-fibrose)"; n 250; "Safety and adverse events"; 2031-07-31
NCT06926712
"The Effect of Vitamin E Supplementation on Hospital Stay Duration in Non-cyanotic Heart Disease Children With Lower Respiratory Tract Infections"; n 260; "the length of hospital stay"; 2026-06
NCT07303803
"A Study of Chiglitazar in Patients With Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"; n 300; "Percentage of participants with resolution of steatohepatitis and no worsening of liver fibrosis"; 2030-12-01
NCT07331103
"RESOLving INflammation Through Diet for Health (RESOLVIN)"; n 324; "the effect on a lipidomic/inflammation- derived risk score based on plasma biomarkers"; 2026-06-30
NCT07781514
"Vitamin E Add-On Therapy, Thyroid Function & Oxidative Stress in Levothyroxine-Treated Hypothyroidism"; n 74; "Change in Malondialdehyde (nmol/L) level from baseline to 12 weeks"; 2027-07
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Which running trial of .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL could settle inflammatory markers?
NCT07331103 measures the effect on a lipidomic/inflammation- derived risk score based on plasma biomarkers, reading out 2026-06-30.
1 open trial; n 324; "RESOLving INflammation Through Diet for Health (RESOLVIN)"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT07331103
"RESOLving INflammation Through Diet for Health (RESOLVIN)"; n 324; "the effect on a lipidomic/inflammation- derived risk score based on plasma biomarkers"; 2026-06-30
Q11
Which 89 trials of .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL posted no result?
Posted no result
89 of 89 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00000114, NCT00000539, NCT00114387, NCT00003367, NCT00027287 and NCT00010699, and 83 more
Completion dates
oldest 1987-06; newest 2024-06-27
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00000114
1987-06
NCT00000539
1999-03
NCT00114387
2000-09
NCT00003367
2002-12
NCT00027287
2002-12
NCT00010699
2003-04
14 further recorded trials
NCT00000555
2003-05
NCT00000173
2004-01
NCT00055042
2004-01
NCT00003619
2004-04
NCT00410449
2004-05
NCT00021645
2004-06
NCT00311116
2005-02
NCT00000541
2005-07
NCT00002586
2005-12
NCT00006349
2007-01
NCT00308971
2007-07
NCT00228319
2007-08
NCT00142610
2007-12
NCT00079963
2008-03-24
Q12
At the median, .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's trials enrolled 61 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
61
Largest enrolment
39876
Registered trials counted
163
Q13
What do 23050 spontaneous reports say about .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
.BETA.-TOCOPHEROL appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 23050 reaction mentions were counted: pain 2767; alopecia 2579; pemphigus 2523; systemic lupus erythematosus 2523. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL3989727 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
pain
2767
alopecia
2579
pemphigus
2523
systemic lupus erythematosus
2523
abdominal discomfort
2502
rheumatoid arthritis
2273
4 more recorded rows
fatigue
2272
glossodynia
2063
swelling
1845
hand deformity
1703
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
Was .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL studied with exercise?
exercise is named in .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL's label sentences: "This review synthesizes contemporary evidence derived from randomized controlled trials and preclinical investigations examining the synergistic effects of collagen, vitamin C, and vitamin E in conjunction with various exercise modalities as a preventive strategy in elderly cohorts, rather than a…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-05-21
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
This review synthesizes contemporary evidence derived from randomized controlled trials and preclinical investigations examining the synergistic effects of collagen, vitamin C, and vitamin E in conjunction with various exercise modalities as a preventive strategy in elderly cohorts, rather than a therapeutic treatment for established sarcopenia.
recorded 2026-05-21 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q15
What is recorded about .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL and AMPK?
"In conclusion, vitamin E may serve as a potential adjuvant treatment for ALI through the AMPK/NRF2 signaling axis, although further research on optimal dosage and combination therapies is needed." — where .BETA.-TOCOPHEROL and AMPK appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2025-05-21
"In conclusion, vitamin E may serve as a potential adjuvant treatment for ALI through the AMPK/NRF2 signaling axis, although further research on optimal dosage and combination therapies is needed."
PMID 40290065
"However, independent of exercise intervention, vitamin E intake enhanced mitochondrial function, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC1-a), and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) levels and also reduced oxidative stress in the skeletal muscles of ovariectomized mice."
mTORPMID 35227771
"The study highlights vitamin E as a valuable protective asset against VPA-induced testicular injury, possibly through AMPK-mTOR-dependent autophagy induction."
AMPKPMID 35227771
"The study highlights vitamin E as a valuable protective asset against VPA-induced testicular injury, possibly through AMPK-mTOR-dependent autophagy induction."
autophagy
PMID 35227771
"The study highlights vitamin E as a valuable protective asset against VPA-induced testicular injury, possibly through AMPK-mTOR-dependent autophagy induction."
PMID 36768482
"Vitamin E alleviated the autophagy and apoptosis of granulosa cells by inhibiting oxidative stress."
senolyticPMID 39941060
"Lipid-based NE composed of biocompatible and biodegradable vitamin E and sphingomyelin, associated with the senolytic peptide NE:TUB1, is able to target senescent cells implicated in OA progression."
recorded 2025-05-21 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
Aquasol e, Bio-e-vit, Davina, E-caps, Fort-e-vite, Fort-e-vite 1000, Fort-e-vite plus, Fort-e-vite super plus, Jarrow for, Sigma, Vitamin e component of vitaped
Development code
E-307A, INS-307A, INS NO.307A, J203.513H, J24.260H, J24.824J, J262.912G, NSC-173849, NSC-20812
Component
Vitamin E
Sources (11)
Sources
ClinicalTrials.govclinicaltrials.gov ·
ClinicalTrials.govClinicalTrials.gov API v2 snapshot 2026-09-01T09:00:05 ·
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 5 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 11 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
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