This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Trastuzumab does in the body
Trastuzumab is an antibody that grips that receptor from outside, stops it pairing with its partners, and flags the cell for destruction by immune cells.
One breast cancer in five has a growth receptor stuck in the on position, jammed there because the gene making it has been copied too many times. It only helps if the receptor is actually there, which is why the tumour has to be tested first.
Why people take it. Used for breast and stomach cancers driven by too much of one growth signal.
What happened in people
In 469 women with advanced breast cancer driven by that signal, half the combination group went 7.4 months before worsening, versus 4.6 with chemotherapy alone.
✓ Reviewed first-read answer
Where this came from
A person wrote this and a reviewer approved it against this exact record. It carries no effect size.
A reviewer approved this against this record. The reviewed-claim record carrying the exact population and effect size does not exist yet.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Different tests and cutoffs can disagree about whether a tumour is suitable for treatment.
Where it acts
HER2-overexpressing tumour cell membrane
Kind of result
The kind of result is not recorded
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as protein.
FDA substance registry · P188ANX8CK · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
A person wrote this explanation into the record, with the studies named in the path below.
A reviewer approved this sentence against this exact record and its sources.
The limit a reviewer approved as the one that matters most here.
The four opening statements run to 112 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Confidence interval
A confidence interval is the range the true answer is likely to sit in.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like a weather forecast giving a range rather than one number.
Where that stops being true. A forecast range covers tomorrow. This one covers what the study could resolve.
What people get wrong. The middle number is read as the answer. A range crossing zero means no change is still possible.
An interval estimate that would contain the true parameter in a stated proportion of repeated studies.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Results from the one trial this record names
In NCT00045032, Percentage of participants with a disease-free survival event (loco-regional or distant recurrence, contralateral breast cancer, a second non-breast malignancy, or death from any cause) in the Herceptin one-year arm compared with the observation arm: primary outcome was Herceptin one-year arm: 7.5% of participants against Observation arm: 12.9% of participants in the comparison group at From baseline until time of event (median of one year). The recorded difference is Hazard ratio 0.54 for the Herceptin arm versus the observation arm (95% CI 0.44 to 0.67; p<0.0001 (Log Rank)).
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT00045032 · read 2026-08-28
Time to disease progression with first-line chemotherapy, with or without trastuzumab
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
Slamon 2001 pivotal metastatic trial (H0648g, conducted before ClinicalTrials.gov registration)
How many people
469
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
p < 0.001
Repeated elsewhere
Replicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Cardiac dysfunction was most frequent with concurrent anthracycline, cyclophosphamide and trastuzumab, and now carries a boxed warning.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous infusion, or subcutaneous injection co-formulated with recombinant hyaluronidase
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
ClinicalTrials.gov, HERA (NCT00045032) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 3 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.10 registered measures of this kind. No reviewed result.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
□A number that stands in for healthNo evidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.No registered study measures this.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it changes in the body◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
The path through the body
From what a person takes to what changes. A solid line is a step measured in people. A dashed line is a step nobody has measured that way.
Start
Trastuzumab
What a person takes: Intravenous infusion, or subcutaneous injection co-formulated with recombinant hyaluronidase.
The measurement behind this step
Lyophilised powder reconstituted for infusion, given as an 8 mg/kg load then 6 mg/kg every three weeks, or a fixed 600 mg subcutaneous dose over 2-5 minutes.
Getting in
Loading infusion and slow distribution
A larger first dose is given over 90 minutes to fill the body, then smaller doses every one or three weeks keep the level steady.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
An 8 mg/kg loading dose followed by 6 mg/kg every three weeks, with a mean half-life near 28 days at steady state. A subcutaneous 600 mg fixed-dose formulation with recombinant hyaluronidase is also approved.
It circulates until it meets a cell whose surface is crowded with the HER2 receptor. Normal cells carry far fewer, so they are largely passed over.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
HER2-amplified cells display on the order of a million receptors per cell against tens of thousands on normal epithelium, so binding is driven by receptor density rather than by any tumour-specific antigen.
The antibody grips the outer part of the receptor closest to the cell membrane.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Binds juxtamembrane subdomain IV of the HER2 ectodomain. This is a different epitope from pertuzumab, which binds subdomain II and blocks heterodimerisation, which is why the two are additive rather than redundant.
Growth signalling inside the cell falls away, the shed fragment that would have kept signalling is prevented, and immune killer cells are called in to the coated cell.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Downregulates PI3K-AKT signalling, prevents proteolytic shedding of the ectodomain that would leave a constitutively active p95HER2 fragment, promotes receptor internalisation, and recruits natural killer cells through FcgammaRIIIa to drive antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity.
In the metastatic setting the tumour is held back for longer. Given for a year after surgery, it measurably reduces the chance the cancer comes back at all.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Cell-cycle arrest through p27Kip1 stabilisation, reduced angiogenesis, and immune clearance of micrometastatic deposits combine to lower the recurrence hazard, an effect that persists for a decade in long-term HERA follow-up.
No suggested links are held for this record, so nothing is hidden from this path.
What we know
The record describes 5 steps from taking it to an effect in a person.
How we know it
Each step names the study behind it in the technical detail beside it.
What this does not prove
A change inside the body is a reason to look. It is not a result in a person.
Why it matters
A reader can see exactly where the chain stops being measured in people.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim binds any of these steps to a named population.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
disease free survival
disease free survival at 5 years
progression free survival
event free survival
achieved pathological complete remission
survival at 1 year
partial remission
5 year overall survival rate
disease progression
overall survival exceeding 5 months in her2 positive disease
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (30)
response rate
cardiotoxicity
objective response rate as assessed by recist criteria
duration of dfs
time to progression
overall toxicity
frequency and duration of objective response
toxicity assessed using common toxicity criteria version 2 0
positive axillary lymph nodes
pathologic complete response rate in the breast and axilla
response rate by recist
overall response rate
at least one dose limiting toxicity in phase i
recommended phase ii dose
confirmed response rate
clinical benefit rate
dose limiting toxicities
overall response rates
acute treatment related toxicity
clinical response rate
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
People whose tumour tests HER2-positive by immunohistochemistry 3+ or by in-situ hybridisation amplification, in the adjuvant, neoadjuvant or metastatic setting.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Who a named study recorded including and excluding
It included: Non-metastatic primary invasive breast cancer overexpressing HER2 (determined by immunohistochemistry 3+ or positive fluorescence in situ hybridization test) that has been histologically confirmed, adequately excised, axillary node positive or negative, and tumor size at least T1c according to Tumor/Node/Metastasis (TNM) staging; Completion of at least 4 cycles of (neo-)adjuvant systemic chemotherapy, definitive surgery, and radiotherapy, if applicable; Known hormone receptor status; Baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) greater than or equal to 55 percent.
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT00045032 · read 2026-08-28
It excluded: Prior invasive breast carcinoma; Other malignancies except for curatively treated basal and squamous cell carcinoma of the skin or in situ carcinoma of the cervix; Clinical T4 tumors; Cumulative doxorubicin exposure greater than 360 milligrams per meter-squared, or epirubicin greater than 720 mg/m^2, or any prior anthracyclines unrelated to the present breast cancer; Prior anti-HER2 therapy for any other reason or other prior biologic or immunotherapy for breast cancer; Serious cardiac or pulmonary conditions/illness, or any other conditions that could interfere with planned treatment.
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT00045032 · read 2026-08-28
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness of TRAZIMERA in pediatric patients have not been established.”
US prescribing information · b9c5e894-27d2-4245-a653-df986fed3c56 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Trastuzumab has been administered to 386 patients who were 65 years of age or over (253 in the adjuvant treatment and 133 in metastatic breast cancer treatment settings).”
US prescribing information · b9c5e894-27d2-4245-a653-df986fed3c56 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Trastuzumab products can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.”
US prescribing information · b9c5e894-27d2-4245-a653-df986fed3c56 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of trastuzumab products in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · b9c5e894-27d2-4245-a653-df986fed3c56 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
The murine parent antibody 4D5 was too immunogenic for repeated human use and had to be humanised onto a human IgG1 framework
Concurrent anthracycline and trastuzumab produced unacceptable cardiac dysfunction and that scheduling was abandoned
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Given by a clinician
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Intravenous infusion, or subcutaneous injection co-formulated with recombinant hyaluronidase
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S1, S3, S4, S6.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Lyophilised powder reconstituted for infusion, given as an 8 mg/kg load then 6 mg/kg every three weeks, or a fixed 600 mg subcutaneous dose over 2-5 minutes.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
The recorded stepping schedule
What follows is the schedule printed on the label, recorded as it is written there. It is a record of what was done, not a recommendation.
US prescribing information · 492dbdb2-077e-4064-bff3-372d6af0a7a2 · read 2026-08-28
Initial dose, as a single agent within three weeks following completion of multi-modality, anthracycline-based chemotherapy regimens (adjuvant breast cancer): 8 mg/kg as an intravenous infusion over 90 minutes
US prescribing information · 492dbdb2-077e-4064-bff3-372d6af0a7a2 · read 2026-08-28
Subsequent doses: 6 mg/kg as an intravenous infusion over 30–90 minutes every three weeks
US prescribing information · 492dbdb2-077e-4064-bff3-372d6af0a7a2 · read 2026-08-28
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
·Worth asking a clinician aboutWritten into the record from the studies named on this page
Boxed warnings for cardiomyopathy, infusion reactions, embryo-fetal toxicity and pulmonary toxicity. Left ventricular ejection fraction must be measured before treatment and at intervals during it.
Nobody counted how many people took this and were fine, so this cannot be turned into a rate.
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Trastuzumab appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 11838 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Intravenous infusion, or subcutaneous injection co-formulated with recombinant hyaluronidase
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
20 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 17 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 50242-077 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution, injection, solution, liquid and solution, taken intravenous and subcutaneous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 50242-077 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is her2/neu/cerbb2 antagonists [moa] and her2/neu receptor antagonist [epc].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 50242-077 · read 2026-08-29
8 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 6 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 27dd5e6b-72cd-458d-a015-cf4dab5800da · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 27dd5e6b-72cd-458d-a015-cf4dab5800da · read 2026-08-29
Herceptin is for injection: lyophilized powder in a single-dose vial for reconstitution at For injection: 150 mg per single-dose vial, recorded as prescription product; fda label in effect 2026-05-29 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 492dbdb2-077e-4064-bff3-372d6af0a7a2 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Trastuzumab studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Claims that go past the evidence
Things said about this substance that sound reasonable, and the exact step that is missing between the evidence and the claim.
✗Goes past the evidence
That twelve months is the optimal adjuvant duration; it was a design convention and PERSEPHONE found six months non-inferior
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That HER2-positive is an intrinsic binary property of a tumour rather than an assay result at a chosen threshold
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That two years would be better than one; HERA randomised that question and found no additional benefit
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Trastuzumab are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Every line above can be traced to the study named beside it. Follow the link and read it.
Slamon 2001: adding trastuzumab to first-line chemotherapy in metastatic disease
In plain words
In 469 women with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer, adding the antibody to chemotherapy lengthened the median time before the disease progressed from 4.6 to 7.4 months.
What was measured
Median time to progression 7.4 versus 4.6 months
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Randomised trial with 234 assigned to chemotherapy alone and 235 to chemotherapy plus trastuzumab. Median time to disease progression was 7.4 versus 4.6 months. Response rate, duration of response and overall survival all favoured the trastuzumab arm. The trial also produced the first clear cardiac safety signal.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
HERA: one year of adjuvant trastuzumab halved early recurrence risk
In plain words
In over 5,000 women treated after surgery and chemotherapy, one year of the antibody reduced recurrence, second cancers and death by roughly half at the first planned analysis.
What was measured
Hazard ratio 0.54 (95% CI 0.43-0.67) for disease-free survival events at first analysis
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
International randomised trial, 1,694 assigned to one year of trastuzumab, 1,694 to two years and 1,693 to observation. At the first interim analysis with median follow-up of one year, 127 events occurred in the one-year trastuzumab group against 220 in the observation group; unadjusted hazard ratio 0.54 (95% CI 0.43-0.67). Longer follow-up showed the two-year arm gave no additional benefit over one year.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
PERSEPHONE: six months was non-inferior to twelve, and the twelve-month standard was never derived from a dose-finding study
In plain words
The one-year duration was a pragmatic choice made when the first adjuvant trials were designed, not a measured optimum. A 4,088-patient trial later showed six months gave the same four-year disease-free survival with half the cardiac toxicity.
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Open-label randomised non-inferiority trial in 152 UK centres, 2,045 assigned to 12 months and 2,044 to 6 months. Four-year disease-free survival was 89.4% for six months and 89.8% for twelve (hazard ratio 1.07, 90% CI 0.93-1.24, non-inferiority p = 0.011). Severe adverse events occurred in 19% versus 24%, and stopping early for cardiotoxicity in 3% versus 8%. Most guidelines still recommend twelve months, so this is a shift the evidence made that practice has only partly followed.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Cardiac dysfunction is caused by the antibody, not only by the chemotherapy
In plain words
Giving trastuzumab at the same time as an anthracycline caused heart muscle weakening in a substantial minority of patients in the first metastatic trial. That result reshaped every regimen that followed.
What was measured
Not recorded
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
In Slamon 2001, cardiac dysfunction was most frequent in patients receiving an anthracycline, cyclophosphamide and trastuzumab concurrently. HER2 signalling is required for cardiomyocyte stress responses, so blockade impairs repair of anthracycline-mediated damage. Modern regimens sequence the anthracycline before trastuzumab or avoid it entirely, and serial left ventricular ejection fraction monitoring is mandated by the label.
Source
Slamon et al., NEJM 2001 and HERCEPTIN US Prescribing Information boxed warning
Role in the trial
Not matched to a registered study
Identity check
no open identity hold
Audit mark
verified
Review state
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
HER2-positive is treated as a fixed binary property of a tumour
In plain words
Whether a tumour counts as HER2-positive depends on which assay was run, on which sample, and on where the cut-off was drawn. Those cut-offs have moved, and the arrival of HER2-low as a treatable category shows the binary was always a convention.
What was measured
That HER2 status is an intrinsic binary property rather than an assay result at a chosen threshold
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
ASCO/CAP HER2 testing guidelines were revised in 2007, 2013 and 2018, each time reclassifying a fraction of tumours. Immunohistochemistry scoring is observer-dependent, intratumoural heterogeneity is common, and HER2 status can differ between primary and metastatic lesions. The approval of trastuzumab deruxtecan for HER2-low disease means tumours previously classified as HER2-negative now have a HER2-directed option, which the original binary framing cannot express.
Source
Successive ASCO/CAP HER2 testing guideline revisions and the HER2-low antibody-drug conjugate literature
Role in the trial
Not matched to a registered study
Identity check
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Audit mark
caution
Review state
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Where else this substance is registered
RxNorm concept
224905
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How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
1 approved application covers products containing this substance. The earliest was BLA103792, approved 19980925 to GENENTECH.
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The older medicine-wide conclusion held in this record
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A humanised antibody against the HER2 receptor that lengthened median time to progression in metastatic disease from 4.6 to 7.4 months and, given for a year after surgery, produced a hazard ratio of 0.54 for recurrence or death at the first HERA analysis.
Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q2
What did Trastuzumab's largest trial (35002 people) and its longest (40 years) measure?
35002 people in Trastuzumab's largest registered study, 40 years in its longest registered window, measuring Changes in Senescence and Secondary Biomarkers, Including TMEM, Mena, and 67LR. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
514 phase2, 191 phase1, 179 phase3, 37 na or unstated, 15 na, 12 phase4, 5 early phase1; NCT03390608; 2016-07-30. Last human test completed 2026, NCT05504720.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Trastuzumab was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase2
514
phase1
191
phase3
179
na or unstated
37
na
15
phase4
12
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
5
Last recorded human testNCT05504720
2026-08-05
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Trastuzumab shown lifespan?
6 recorded entries; human; also "Trastuzumab (H, 8mg/kg", "Herceptin-150 mg", "Herceptin-600 mg/5 mL"
Show the evidence
human
NCT02345772
Trastuzumab (H, 8mg/kg
NCT03144947
Herceptin-150 mg
NCT03144947
Herceptin-600 mg/5 mL
NCT03203616
KADCYLA 160 MG Injection
NCT04170595
Herceptin,6 mg/kg
NCT04170595
Herceptin:2mg/kg and Capecitabin:1000mg/kg
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Did Trastuzumab move epigenetic age, and by how much?
epigenetic age: "To examine the associations between pre-treatment epigenetic age acceleration, circulating leukocyte composition, and candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with cardiotoxicity risk in breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab." Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2025-05-10
1 recorded sentence; 2025; biomarker
Show the evidence
epigenetic agePMID 40349094
2025; "To examine the associations between pre-treatment epigenetic age acceleration, circulating leukocyte composition, and candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with cardiotoxicity risk in breast cancer patients receiving trastuzumab."
recorded 2025-05-10 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of 5 year overall survival rate, achieved pathological complete remission and acute treatment related toxicity did Trastuzumab's trials measure?
5 year overall survival rate, achieved pathological complete remission and acute treatment related toxicity lead 40 outcome terms across Trastuzumab's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
objective response rate as assessed by recist criteria, duration of dfs, time to progression, overall toxicity, frequency and duration of objective response and toxicity assessed using common toxicity criteria version 2 0 follow.
Show the evidence
response rate
1
disease free survival
1
cardiotoxicity
1
objective response rate as assessed by recist criteria
1
duration of dfs
1
time to progression
1
14 more recorded rows
overall toxicity
1
frequency and duration of objective response
1
toxicity assessed using common toxicity criteria version 2 0
1
positive axillary lymph nodes
1
pathologic complete response rate in the breast and axilla
1
disease free survival at 5 years
1
progression free survival
1
event free survival
1
response rate by recist
1
achieved pathological complete remission
1
survival at 1 year
1
overall response rate
1
at least one dose limiting toxicity in phase i
1
recommended phase ii dose
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Trastuzumab's 197 ongoing trials reports first?
Count of Patients With Pathologic Complete Response (pCR); Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs); latest 2040-12-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00295893
"Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Trastuzumab in Treating Patients With Stage II or Stage III Breast Cancer"; n 121; "Count of Patients With Pathologic Complete Response (pCR)"; 2026-08-11
NCT00781612
"A Safety Extension Study of Trastuzumab Emtansine in Participants Previously Treated With Trastuzumab Emtansine Alone or in Combination With Other Anti-Cancer Therapy in One of the Parent Studies"; n 378; "Percentage of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)"; 2027-06-30
NCT00999804
"Extension Study of Lapatinib Plus Herceptin With or Without Endocrine Therapy"; n 128; "Pathologic Complete Response"; 2026-01
NCT01042379
"I-SPY TRIAL: Neoadjuvant and Personalized Adaptive Novel Agents to Treat Breast Cancer"; n 5000; "Determine whether adding experimental agents to standard neoadjuvant medications increases the probability of pathologic complete response (pCR) over standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy for each biomarker signature established at trial entry."; 2031-12
NCT01273610
"Tolerability of the Combination of Lapatinib and Trastuzumab in Adults Age 60 or Older With HER2 Positive Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer"; n 40; "Percent of Participants With Grade 3 or Higher Non-hematological Toxicities and Symptomatic Congestive Heart Failure"; 2027-04-20
NCT01785420
"Pre Operative Trastuzumab in Operable Breast Cancer"; n 1100; "Disease Free Survival"; 2027-02
14 further recorded trials
NCT01937117
"Pertuzumab and Trastuzumab as Neoadjuvant Treatment in Patients With HER2-Positive Breast Cancer"; n 88; "Percent Change in Standardized Uptake Value (SUV) as Measured by SULmax on [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) Positron Emission Tomography (PET)"; 2027-06
NCT02057133
"A Study of LY2835219 (Abemaciclib) in Combination With Therapies for Breast Cancer That Has Spread"; n 198; "Number of Participants with One or More Drug-Related Adverse Events"; 2026-12
NCT02226276
"Copper Cu 64-DOTA-Trastuzumab PET in Predicting Response to Treatment With Ado-Trastuzumab Emtansine in Patients With Metastatic HER2 Positive Breast Cancer"; n 10; "Relationship Between Average Tumor Uptake of Copper Cu 64-DOTA-trastuzumab as Measured by PET and Patient Best Response"; 2026-09-29
NCT02320435
"A Safety and Efficacy Extension Study of Pertuzumab in Patients With Solid Tumors Previously Enrolled in a Hoffmann-La Roche-Sponsored Pertuzumab Clinical Trial"; n 154; "Progression-Free Survival"; 2026-12-31
NCT02326974
"T-DM1+Pertuzumab in Pre-OP Early-Stage HER2+ BRCA"; n 164; "Rate of Pathologic Complete Response (pCR) by HER2 Amplification Status Non-Heterogeneous"; 2028-01
NCT02436993
"Phase II Breast Ca Carboplatin + Paclitaxel With Pertuzumab + Trastuzumab or Bevacizumab"; n 120; "2-year progression free survival in patients treated with weekly carboplatin and paclitaxel combined with either trastuzumab and pertuzumab for HER2-positive patients or bevacizumab for HER2-negative patients in the neoadjuvant setting"; 2036-12
NCT02465060
"Targeted Therapy Directed by Genetic Testing in Treating Patients With Advanced Refractory Solid Tumors, Lymphomas, or Multiple Myeloma (The MATCH Screening Trial)"; n 6452; "Objective response rate (ORR)"; 2026-12-31
NCT02568839
"Neoadjuvant Response-guided Treatment of HER2 Positive Breast Cancer"; n 202; "Pathological objective response to primary medical treatment"; 2029-02
NCT02625441
"Adjuvant Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab Plus Docetaxel in the Treatment of Early HER2-positive Breast Cancer"; n 516; "Invasive disease-free survival"; 2025-06-01
NCT02678182
"Planning Treatment for Oesophago-gastric Cancer: a Maintenance Therapy Trial"; n 494; "Progression Free Survival (PFS)"; 2027-06
NCT02827877
"Cu64-DOTA-trastuzumab PET and Markers Predicting Response to Neoadjuvant Trastuzumab + Pertuzum in HER2+ Breast Cancer"; n 18; "Response to Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Determined at Surgery (Lumpectomy or Mastectomy)."; 2026-09-25
NCT02947685
"Randomized, Open Label, Clinical Study of the Targeted Therapy, Palbociclib, to Treat Metastatic Breast Cancer"; n 518; "Progression-free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Investigator"; 2026-07-31
NCT03006172
"To Evaluate the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Inavolisib Single Agent in Participants With Solid Tumors and in Combination With Endocrine and Targeted Therapies in Participants With Breast Cancer"; n 200; "Stage 1: Percentage of Participants With Dose Limiting Toxicities"; 2026-12-31
NCT03125928
"Clinical Trial of Atezolizumab With Paclitaxel, Trastuzumab, and Pertuzumab in Patients With Metastatic HER-2 Positive Breast Cancer"; n 16; "Number of participants with treatment-related adverse events"; 2027-12
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Trastuzumab could settle lifespan?
NCT02625441 measures Invasive disease-free survival, reading out 2025-06-01.
59 open trials; n 516; "Adjuvant Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab Plus Docetaxel in the Treatment of Early HER2-positive Breast Cancer"
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02625441
"Adjuvant Trastuzumab, Pertuzumab Plus Docetaxel in the Treatment of Early HER2-positive Breast Cancer"; n 516; "Invasive disease-free survival"; 2025-06-01
NCT05041842
"Treatment With Tucatinib in Patients With an Isolated Brain Progression of a Metastatic Breast Cancer"; n 53; "Progression-Free Survival"; 2026-04-30
NCT05063786
"Trastuzumab + Alpelisib +/- Fulvestrant vs Trastuzumab + CT in Patients With PIK3CA Mutated Previously Treated HER2+ Advanced BrEasT Cancer (ALPHABET)"; n 27; "Progression Free Survival (PFS)"; 2026-06
NCT02947685
"Randomized, Open Label, Clinical Study of the Targeted Therapy, Palbociclib, to Treat Metastatic Breast Cancer"; n 518; "Progression-free Survival (PFS) as Assessed by Investigator"; 2026-07-31
NCT02320435
"A Safety and Efficacy Extension Study of Pertuzumab in Patients With Solid Tumors Previously Enrolled in a Hoffmann-La Roche-Sponsored Pertuzumab Clinical Trial"; n 154; "Progression-Free Survival"; 2026-12-31
NCT06439550
"Adjuvant Treatment With Serplulimab，Trastuzumab and SOX in the HER-2 Positive GC/GEJC"; n 42; "Disease progression free survival （DFS）"; 2026-12-31
14 further recorded trials
NCT01785420
"Pre Operative Trastuzumab in Operable Breast Cancer"; n 1100; "Disease Free Survival"; 2027-02
NCT03595592
"Neoadjuvant Treatment of HER2 Positive Early High-risk and Locally Advanced Breast Cancer"; n 650; "Event Free Survival (EFS)"; 2027-03-15
NCT03414658
"The AVIATOR Study: Trastuzumab and Vinorelbine With Avelumab OR Avelumab & Utomilumab in Advanced HER2+ Breast Cancer"; n 100; "Progression Free Survival"; 2027-05-31
NCT02678182
"Planning Treatment for Oesophago-gastric Cancer: a Maintenance Therapy Trial"; n 494; "Progression Free Survival (PFS)"; 2027-06
NCT05800275
"Capecitabine, Tucatinib, and Intrathecal Trastuzumab for Breast Cancer Patients With Leptomeningeal Disease"; n 30; "overall survival rate at 12 months"; 2027-06
NCT04193059
"Study Comparing EC-T Verses PCb in the Adjuvant Chemotherapy of Non-triple Negative Breast Cancer"; n 1560; "disease free survival"; 2027-07
NCT04973319
"Trastuzumab Combined With Pertuzumab for Adjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer After Neoadjuvant Therapy"; n 450; "Invasive Disease-Free Survival (IDFS)"; 2027-08-01
NCT03587740
"ATOP TRIAL: T-DM1 in HER2 Positive Breast Cancer"; n 111; "Invasive Disease-free Survival Rate (IDFS)"; 2027-08-30
NCT05132582
"A Study of Tucatinib or Placebo With Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab for Metastatic HER2+ Breast Cancer"; n 654; "Progression-free survival (PFS) by investigator assessment per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v1.1"; 2027-09-28
NCT05152147
"A Study of Zanidatamab in Combination With Chemotherapy Plus or Minus Tislelizumab in Patients With HER2-positive Advanced or Metastatic Gastric and Esophageal Cancers"; n 920; "Progression-free survival (PFS) by BICR"; 2027-09-30
NCT07407920
"Ph2 Study for Optimization of Adjunct Systemic Therapy in HER2+ Patients, MolecularPCR Trial"; n 120; "Event free survival (EFS)"; 2027-09-30
NCT05323955
"Secondary BRain Metastases Prevention After Isolated Intracranial Progression on Trastuzumab/Pertuzumab or T-DM1 in Patients With aDvanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2+ brEast Cancer With the Addition of Tucatinib"; n 48; "Progression Free Survival (PFS)"; 2027-11
NCT06123338
"A Study of Pembrolizumab With Trastuzumab and Chemotherapy in People With Esophagogastric Cancer"; n 49; "Event-free survival (EFS)"; 2027-11-30
NCT03803553
"Identification and Treatment Of Micrometastatic Disease in Stage III Colon Cancer"; n 400; "Disease-free survival (DFS)"; 2027-12
Q10
Which 174 trials of Trastuzumab posted no result?
Posted no result
174 of 174 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00005926, NCT00004163, NCT00004013, NCT00006108, NCT00003740 and NCT00005857, and 168 more
Completion dates
oldest 2000-12; newest 2024-08-27
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00005926
2000-12
NCT00004163
2001-09
NCT00004013
2001-10
NCT00006108
2002-07
NCT00003740
2002-09
NCT00005857
2002-10
14 further recorded trials
NCT00003539
2003-02
NCT00148681
2003-05
NCT00031278
2003-06
NCT00006104
2003-07
NCT00004925
2003-08
NCT00043394
2003-10
NCT00006381
2004-02
NCT00019812
2004-02
NCT00003881
2004-07
NCT00005033
2004-08
NCT00016367
2004-12-14
NCT00085020
2005-02
NCT00146042
2005-03
NCT00134680
2005-07
Q11
At the median, Trastuzumab's trials enrolled 68 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
68
Largest enrolment
35002
Registered trials counted
837
Q12
What do 11838 spontaneous reports say about Trastuzumab — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Trastuzumab appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 11838 reaction mentions were counted: diarrhoea 3144; disease progression 1368; ejection fraction decreased 1161; neutropenia 1133. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1201585 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
diarrhoea
3144
disease progression
1368
ejection fraction decreased
1161
neutropenia
1133
myelosuppression
990
febrile neutropenia
950
4 more recorded rows
neuropathy peripheral
944
chills
821
metastases to central nervous system
698
palmar-plantar erythrodysaesthesia syndrome
629
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Trastuzumab studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Trastuzumab's label sentences: "Methods Patients were randomized to receive either adjuvant trastuzumab in combination with a training 12-week supervised exercise program in a training group (training group, TG) or trastuzumab alone (control group, CG)." openfda-label+europepmc · 2025-08-08
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
Methods Patients were randomized to receive either adjuvant trastuzumab in combination with a training 12-week supervised exercise program in a training group (training group, TG) or trastuzumab alone (control group, CG).
recorded 2025-08-08 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
What is recorded about Trastuzumab and mTOR?
"CD24 silencing modulates autophagy and induces apoptosis via Akt/mTOR inhibition, and its combination with trastuzumab exerts potent antitumor effects, offering a promising strategy for HER2 + breast cancer." — where Trastuzumab and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-05-16
"CD24 silencing modulates autophagy and induces apoptosis via Akt/mTOR inhibition, and its combination with trastuzumab exerts potent antitumor effects, offering a promising strategy for HER2 + breast cancer."
autophagyPMID 42141178
"CD24 silencing modulates autophagy and induces apoptosis via Akt/mTOR inhibition, and its combination with trastuzumab exerts potent antitumor effects, offering a promising strategy for HER2 + breast cancer."
mTOR
PMID 40158191
"Clinical trials investigating mTOR inhibitors like sirolimus and combination therapies with agents such as everolimus and trastuzumab are discussed, underscoring their potential in eradicating BCSCs and improving patient outcomes."
PMID 40426308
"This study highlights the potential of combining Hh inhibitors with trastuzumab as a therapeutic strategy for HER2-positive GC by targeting the AKT/mTOR pathway."
autophagy
PMID 40650051
"Here, we investigated how autophagy modulation affects trastuzumab-mediated ADCC in HER2-positive JIMT1 breast cancer cells and NK cells."
PMID 40696560
"Autophagic flux protects HER2+ cancer cells from trastuzumab-induced cytotoxicity, so inhibiting it undermines the resistance phenotype."
IGF-1
"The phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (PKB)/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway (mTOR), cross-talk with estrogen receptors, over-expression of Mucin 1 (MUC1) protein, and involvement of tyrosine kinase receptors like insulin-like growth factor I receptor are key pathways involved in trastuzumab resistance (TR)."
recorded 2026-05-16 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 11 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
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