This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Repaglinide does in the body
Type 2 diabetes — a fast, short-acting tablet taken with meals
Insulin-producing cells sit quiet because potassium leaks out through an open channel. Repaglinide plugs that channel, the cell becomes electrically active, calcium rushes in, and insulin is released. It differs from the older sulfonylurea tablets in two ways: it grips a different part of the same channel, and it does everything fast — in the blood within an hour, largely gone within a few. That is why it is taken with meals rather than once a day.
What happened in people
An HbA1c reduction of 0.1 to 2.1 percentage points across eleven placebo-controlled randomised trials
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The recorded finding that sits closest to something a person would notice. Written into the record, not signed off, and it carries no population or interval.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The limit that matters most
That repaglinide changes any clinical outcome — the Cochrane review of 15 trials in 3,781 people states that no study reported an effect on mortality or morbidity
Where it acts
Pancreatic islet beta cell plasma membrane
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 668Z8C33LU · read 2026-08-29
Its recorded molecular formula is C27H36N2O4, weighing 452.6.
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
A limit recorded against this substance. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The four opening statements run to 104 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Randomisation
Randomisation means chance decides who gets which treatment.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like a coin toss deciding the groups.
Where that stops being true. A coin toss is fair once. Fairness here comes from doing it for everyone.
What people get wrong. It is thought to make groups identical. It makes them similar on average, including on things nobody measured.
Allocation of participants to arms by a chance process, so that unmeasured factors are balanced in expectation.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved8 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Body weight
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved3 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Blood sugar
hba1c at 12 weeks; fasting plasma glucose at 12 weeks; hba1c; 2 hours postprandial blood glucose; fasting blood glucose; basal hepatic glucose production; hba1c change from baseline; hba1c + weight loss
Body weight
body composition; body weight; hba1c + weight loss
Cholesterol
triglyceride levels post standardised fat tolerance test
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
8 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Effects of meglitinide analogues on glycaemic control, mortality, morbidity, weight and adverse events against placebo, head to head, or against metformin
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
Cochrane review of meglitinide analogues for type 2 diabetes
How many people
3781
Study design
Systematic review and meta-analysis of 15 randomised trials of at least 10 weeks
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
HbA1c reduction of 0.1 to 2.1 percentage points for repaglinide across eleven placebo-controlled studies; no pooled effect estimate for mortality or morbidity was possible
Repeated elsewhere
Partially Replicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. The reviewers state that no included study reported the effect of meglitinides on mortality or morbidity, and that there is no evidence available to indicate what effect meglitinides will have on important long-term outcomes, particularly mortality.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral tablet taken before meals, in 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg strengths
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA Drugs@FDA — NDA 020741 (PRANDIN, original approval 22 December 1997; application now held by Gemini Laboratories LLC) (https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugs… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Effect of gemfibrozil, itraconazole and their combination on repaglinide pharmacokinetics and blood glucose response
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
Niemi 2003 gemfibrozil and itraconazole interaction study
How many people
12
Study design
Randomised crossover pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic study in healthy volunteers
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
P < 0.001 for an 8.1-fold increase in area under the curve with gemfibrozil and a 19.4-fold increase with the combination; half-life prolonged from 1.3 to 3.7 and 6.1 hours
Repeated elsewhere
Replicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Twelve healthy volunteers at a single 0.25 mg dose. The clinical consequence in people with diabetes taking therapeutic doses is inferred from the magnitude, not measured — which is why the outcome was a contraindication rather than a warning.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral tablet taken before meals, in 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg strengths
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA Drugs@FDA — NDA 020741 (PRANDIN, original approval 22 December 1997; application now held by Gemini Laboratories LLC) (https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugs… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Serious adverse events of myocardial ischaemia with repaglinide plus NPH insulin against insulin formulations alone
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
Repaglinide plus NPH insulin safety observation across seven controlled trials
How many people
7
Study design
Cross-study adverse event tabulation reported on the FDA label
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Six events with repaglinide plus NPH insulin across two studies against one event on insulin alone in another study; no statistical comparison is reported on the label
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. This is a count across non-randomised comparisons between different studies, not a within-trial contrast. The sample size field is the number of controlled trials tabulated, not a participant count, which the label does not give.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral tablet taken before meals, in 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg strengths
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA Drugs@FDA — NDA 020741 (PRANDIN, original approval 22 December 1997; application now held by Gemini Laboratories LLC) (https://api.fda.gov/drug/drugs… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 3 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.2 registered measures of this kind. No reviewed result.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.24 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it changes in the body◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
The path through the body
From what a person takes to what changes. A solid line is a step measured in people. A dashed line is a step nobody has measured that way.
Start
Repaglinide
What a person takes: Oral tablet taken before meals, in 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg strengths.
The measurement behind this step
A conventional immediate-release tablet of a poorly water-soluble carboxylic acid, taken in relation to meals rather than at a fixed time of day. The pharmacokinetics are what make that structure necessary rather than optional: peak concentration within an hour and a half-life near ninety minutes mean the drug covers a single meal and nothing else.
Getting in
Absorbed within an hour and cleared within a few
Taken with a meal, the drug is fully absorbed and peaks within an hour. Half of it is gone in roughly ninety minutes. The whole design is to be present while food is being digested and absent afterwards.
──Measured in people. Written by a person from the study named beside the step. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The measurement behind this step
Complete gastrointestinal absorption, absolute bioavailability 56%, peak plasma concentration within one hour, half-life 1.0 to 1.4 hours with an individual range from 0.4 to 8.0 hours, linear clearance from 0.5 to 4 mg and no accumulation.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What it acts on
It binds its own site on the same channel a sulfonylurea uses
The target is the potassium gate on insulin-producing cells — the same gate the old sulfonylurea tablets close, gripped at a different handhold.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
The label states repaglinide closes ATP-dependent potassium channels in the beta-cell membrane "by binding at characterizable sites". The binding site on SUR1 is distinct from the classical sulfonylurea site, which is why the two classes are not simply additive at the receptor.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Reaching the cell
The channel closes, the cell depolarises, calcium enters
With potassium held in, the cell becomes electrically active, calcium channels open, and calcium floods in.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Potassium channel blockade depolarises the beta cell, which opens voltage-gated calcium channels; the resulting calcium influx induces insulin secretion. The label describes this sequence explicitly and notes the mechanism is highly tissue selective with low affinity for heart and skeletal muscle.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The change it makes
Insulin is released — and the label says the release tracks glucose
Insulin comes out. The label states that this release depends on glucose and falls off when blood sugar is low, which would in principle make hypoglycaemia less likely than on a longer-acting drug.
╌╌Measured in animals. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
The measurement behind this step
Insulin release is described as glucose-dependent and diminishing at low glucose concentrations, and as dependent on functioning beta cells. This is in vitro pharmacology; the Cochrane pooling nonetheless found hypoglycaemia more frequent on meglitinides than on metformin.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The change it makes
Two liver enzymes clear it, and both can be blocked
The liver removes the drug using two enzymes. Some common medicines shut one of them down, and when that happens the drug stops being short-acting.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Metabolism is by CYP2C8 and CYP3A4, with hepatic uptake through OATP1B1. Gemfibrozil, whose glucuronide is a mechanism-based CYP2C8 inhibitor and an OATP1B1 inhibitor, raises exposure 8.1-fold and half-life from 1.3 to 3.7 hours; combined with itraconazole, 19.4-fold and 6.1 hours. Clopidogrel raises exposure 3.9 to 5.1-fold and cyclosporine 2.5-fold.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What that does for a person
HbA1c falls — and that is the end of what has been measured
Average blood sugar comes down by somewhere between a tenth of a point and two points, depending on the trial. Beyond that, nothing has been counted: not heart attacks, not kidney failure, not deaths.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Across eleven placebo-controlled trials pooled by Cochrane, repaglinide reduced HbA1c by 0.1 to 2.1 percentage points. The same review states that no included study reported the effect of meglitinides on mortality or morbidity, and the label states no clinical study has established conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with repaglinide.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
No suggested links are held for this record, so nothing is hidden from this path.
What we know
The record describes 6 steps from taking it to an effect in a person.
How we know it
Each step names the study behind it in the technical detail beside it.
What this does not prove
A change inside the body is a reason to look. It is not a result in a person.
Why it matters
A reader can see exactly where the chain stops being measured in people.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim binds any of these steps to a named population.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
hba1c at 12 weeks
fasting plasma glucose at 12 weeks
hba1c
body composition
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c
glycosylated haemoglobin
2 hours postprandial blood glucose
fasting blood glucose
body weight
cmax maximum observed plasma concentration
and 14 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
hospitalization for incident heart failure
hospitalization for acute pancreatitis
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (14)
haemoglobina1c
glycemic control
safety
auc0 t and cmax
incident pancreatic cancer
extrapolation in auc
apparent terminal elimination half life
apparent total clearance
apparent volume of distribution
metabolite to parent based on auc
reactive hyperemia index at 3 and 9 months
dose limiting toxicities
recommended phase 2 dose
objective response rate
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 1 hour hours
Read from the label, which states: “Repaglinide is eliminated from the blood stream with a half-life of approximately 1 hour.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Adults with type 2 diabetes, particularly where meal times are irregular or where kidney function makes a long-acting sulfonylurea risky, since repaglinide is cleared mainly by the liver.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Safety and effectiveness have not been established in pediatric patients.”
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “In clinical studies of 24 weeks or greater duration, 415 patients were over 65 years of age and no patients were greater than 75 years of age.”
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Limited available data from case reports and case series with repaglinide use in pregnant women have not identified a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.”
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of repaglinide in human milk, the effects on the breastfeeding infant, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “A single-dose study was conducted 12 patients with chronic liver disease.”
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “Pharmacokinetic studies of repaglinide were conducted in patients with mild to moderate renal function impairment (CrCl = 40 to 80 mL/min), and severe renal function impairment (CrCl = 20 to 40 mL/min).”
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
Six serious myocardial ischaemia events against one, in combination with NPH insulin, produced a labelling restriction against that combination
The gemfibrozil interaction was not recognised until 2003, six years after approval, and it moved the drug from marketed to contraindicated with a common fibrate
No cardiovascular outcome trial of repaglinide has ever been run, nearly thirty years after approval; nateglinide, the other drug in the class, was tested and failed
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral tablet taken before meals, in 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg strengths
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
A conventional immediate-release tablet of a poorly water-soluble carboxylic acid, taken in relation to meals rather than at a fixed time of day.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold. The rest of the recorded wording: The pharmacokinetics are what make that structure necessary rather than optional: peak concentration within an hour and a half-life near ninety minutes mean the drug covers a single meal and nothing else.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
·Worth asking a clinician aboutWritten into the record from the studies named on this page
Hypoglycaemia can occur and can be severe, causing seizures and, rarely, death; the label notes awareness may be blunted in longstanding diabetes, diabetic neuropathy, beta-blocker use or recurrent hypoglycaemia. Concomitant gemfibrozil is a contraindication because it raises exposure 8.1-fold. Clopidogrel is to be avoided and cyclosporine requires caution. Combination with NPH insulin is not indicated after six serious myocardial ischaemia events were recorded against one on insulin alone. Weight gain occurs. The label states there have been no clinical studies establishing conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with repaglinide.
Nobody counted how many people took this and were fine, so this cannot be turned into a rate.
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets — section 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS (gemfibrozil), 5.1 to 5.3, 7 DRUG INTERACTIONS, 12.1 and 12.3 (https://api.… · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Repaglinide appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 1267 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
hypoglycaemia — 530 reaction mentions
acute kidney injury — 141 reaction mentions
lactic acidosis — 111 reaction mentions
hypoglycaemic coma — 110 reaction mentions
confusional state — 78 reaction mentions
drug interaction — 75 reaction mentions
sopor — 59 reaction mentions
renal failure — 57 reaction mentions
cholestasis — 53 reaction mentions
loss of consciousness — 53 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral tablet taken before meals, in 0.5 mg, 1 mg and 2 mg strengths
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
A recorded note compares this form with the others that are sold. It is kept below, word for word.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
The recorded note, unchanged: The pharmacokinetics are what make that structure necessary rather than optional: peak concentration within an hour and a half-life near ninety minutes mean the drug covers a single meal and nothing else.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
31 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 31 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 55111-065 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as powder and tablet, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 55111-065 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is glinide [epc] and potassium channel antagonists [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 55111-065 · read 2026-08-29
10 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 10 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-29
Repaglinide is oral at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Repaglinide tablets USP, 0.5 mg are white to off white, round, biconvex uncoated tablets, debossed with ‘H’ on one side and ‘10’ on other side., recorded as fda label in effect 2024-05-14 in the United States.
US prescribing information · d7673e22-0dbb-4395-ad60-943d249203a1 · read 2026-08-30
Recorded price in US: 0.07556–0.09631 USD per one unit as the pricing file counts it — a tablet, capsule, patch or single item, across 17 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Repaglinide studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Claims that go past the evidence
Things said about this substance that sound reasonable, and the exact step that is missing between the evidence and the claim.
✗Goes past the evidence
That repaglinide changes any clinical outcome — the Cochrane review of 15 trials in 3,781 people states that no study reported an effect on mortality or morbidity
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That glucose-dependent secretion makes it clinically safer than a sulfonylurea — that is an in vitro property, and no trial has compared the classes for clinical outcomes
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That low affinity for cardiac and skeletal muscle channels confers cardiovascular safety — the only cardiovascular observation attached to the drug is an unfavourable one, in combination with NPH insulin
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That the short half-life protects against hypoglycaemia in every patient — the individual half-life range on the label extends to 8.0 hours, and enzyme inhibitors extend it much further
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Every line above can be traced to the study named beside it. Follow the link and read it.
No study has reported the effect of this class on mortality or morbidity
In plain words
A Cochrane review gathered every randomised trial of at least ten weeks comparing this class of drugs against placebo, against each other or against metformin. Fifteen trials, 3,781 people. Not one of them measured whether the drugs affect death or disease.
What was measured
That lowering HbA1c with repaglinide reduces any clinical event — fifteen randomised trials in 3,781 people contain no measurement of mortality or morbidity, and the label states no macrovascular benefit has been conclusively established
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Black and colleagues searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, EMBASE, ongoing-trial databases and the American Diabetes Association and European Association for the Study of Diabetes conference records, and contacted manufacturers, for randomised parallel or crossover trials of at least ten weeks of meglitinide treatment against placebo, head to head, against metformin or in combination with insulin. Fifteen trials involving 3,781 participants met the criteria. Their first stated result is that no included study reported the effect of meglitinides on mortality or morbidity. Across eleven placebo-controlled studies, repaglinide reduced HbA1c by 0.1 to 2.1 percentage points and nateglinide by 0.2 to 0.6. The reviewers concluded that meglitinides may offer an oral agent of similar potency to metformin where metformin is not tolerated or is contraindicated, but that there is no evidence available to indicate what effect meglitinides will have on important long-term outcomes, particularly mortality. That review was published in 2007, ten years after approval; no cardiovascular outcome trial of repaglinide has reported since.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Gemfibrozil raises exposure 8.1-fold, and the combination is contraindicated
In plain words
A cholesterol drug commonly given to people with diabetes turns out to block the liver enzyme that clears repaglinide. In twelve volunteers it multiplied drug exposure eightfold and turned a short-acting tablet into a long-acting one. Combining them is now forbidden on the label.
What was measured
Fold change in repaglinide area under the curve, half-life and 7-hour plasma concentration with gemfibrozil alone and with itraconazole, in a randomised crossover study of 12 volunteers
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Niemi and colleagues ran a randomised crossover study in 12 healthy volunteers who received gemfibrozil 600 mg twice daily, itraconazole, both, or placebo for three days, then a single 0.25 mg dose of repaglinide. Gemfibrozil raised the area under the repaglinide concentration-time curve 8.1-fold (range 5.5 to 15.0, p<0.001) and prolonged half-life from 1.3 to 3.7 hours (p<0.001). Itraconazole alone raised exposure 1.4-fold; the combination raised it 19.4-fold (range 12.9 to 24.7) and prolonged half-life to 6.1 hours. Plasma repaglinide at seven hours rose 28.6-fold with gemfibrozil and 70.4-fold with the combination (p<0.001). The authors reported that gemfibrozil alone and with itraconazole considerably enhanced and prolonged the glucose-lowering effect, and that repaglinide "became a long-acting and stronger antidiabetic". The FDA label now lists concomitant gemfibrozil under CONTRAINDICATIONS, and records clopidogrel raising exposure 3.9 to 5.1-fold and cyclosporine 2.5-fold.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Combined with NPH insulin it produced six myocardial ischaemia events to one
In plain words
Across seven controlled trials, six serious events of reduced blood flow to the heart occurred in people taking repaglinide together with NPH insulin, against one in people on insulin alone. That combination is now explicitly not indicated.
What was measured
Count of serious myocardial ischaemia adverse events with repaglinide plus NPH insulin against insulin alone, across seven controlled trials
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
This entry records a failure.
From the source
The FDA label states, under Warnings and Precautions 5.2: "Across seven controlled trials, there were six serious adverse events of myocardial ischemia in patients treated with repaglinide plus NPH-insulin from two studies, and one event in patients using insulin formulations alone from another study." The label concludes that repaglinide is not indicated for use in combination with NPH insulin. Six events against one is a small number in absolute terms and the comparison is across studies rather than within a randomised contrast, which is exactly why it produced a labelling restriction rather than a mechanistic claim. It is nonetheless the only cardiovascular signal that has ever been attached to this drug, and it points in the wrong direction.
Source
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets, section 5.2 Serious Cardiovascular Adverse Reactions with Concomitant Use with NPH-insulin
Role in the trial
Not matched to a registered study
Identity check
no open identity hold
Audit mark
caution
Review state
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Similar HbA1c to metformin, with more weight and more hypoglycaemia
In plain words
Where the two were compared head to head, repaglinide brought average blood sugar down about as much as metformin. It also added up to three kilograms in three months and caused more low blood sugar, though rarely severe.
What was measured
Pooled HbA1c reduction, weight change, diarrhoea and hypoglycaemia frequency for repaglinide against metformin across three randomised trials
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
The Cochrane review pooled three trials with 248 participants comparing repaglinide against metformin and found a similar degree of HbA1c reduction. Weight gain was generally greater with meglitinides than with metformin, up to three kilograms in three months. Diarrhoea occurred less frequently and hypoglycaemia occurred more frequently, but rarely severely enough to require assistance. Two trials totalling 342 participants compared repaglinide against nateglinide, with greater HbA1c reduction on repaglinide. The reviewers described meglitinides as a possible alternative of similar potency to metformin where metformin is intolerable or contraindicated — a conditional recommendation, made in the absence of any long-term outcome data at all.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
It is in and out within hours, which is the entire design rationale
In plain words
The tablet reaches peak levels within an hour and half of it is cleared within about ninety minutes. That short window is what the drug was built for: cover a meal, then stop.
What was measured
Absolute bioavailability, time to peak concentration, half-life with individual range, clearance and volume of distribution
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
The label reports complete gastrointestinal absorption, absolute bioavailability of 56%, peak plasma concentration within one hour, and a half-life of 1.0 to 1.4 hours with an individual range from 0.4 to 8.0 hours. Total body clearance is 38 ± 16 L/hr and volume of distribution at steady state 31 ± 12 L. Clearance does not change across the 0.5 to 4 mg range, indicating linear pharmacokinetics, and the drug does not accumulate in serum on repeated dosing. The individual half-life range reaching 8.0 hours is worth noting alongside the mean: the population value is short, and some individuals are not.
Source
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets, section 12.3 Pharmacokinetics, Tables 5 and 6
Role in the trial
Not matched to a registered study
Identity check
no open identity hold
Audit mark
verified
Review state
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
The tissue-selectivity and glucose-dependence claims are assay results
In plain words
The label says insulin release on this drug is glucose-dependent and falls off when blood sugar is low, and that the drug barely touches the channels in heart and muscle. Both are laboratory findings. Neither has been shown to translate into fewer clinical events.
What was measured
That glucose-dependent secretion and low cardiac channel affinity make repaglinide clinically safer than a sulfonylurea — these are in vitro properties, and no trial has compared clinical outcomes between the two classes
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
The mechanism section of the label states that "insulin release is glucose-dependent and diminishes at low glucose concentrations" and that "the ion channel mechanism is highly tissue selective with low affinity for heart and skeletal muscle". Both statements describe in vitro pharmacology. The clinical consequence that would follow — less hypoglycaemia and no cardiac liability relative to sulfonylureas — has not been demonstrated in an outcome trial, because no outcome trial of repaglinide exists. The Cochrane review found hypoglycaemia occurring more frequently on meglitinides than on metformin, and the only cardiovascular observation attached to the drug is the six-to-one myocardial ischaemia imbalance in combination with NPH insulin. The label separately states that no clinical study has established conclusive evidence of macrovascular risk reduction with repaglinide.
Source
FDA prescribing information for repaglinide tablets, sections 12.1 and 5.3; Black C et al., Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2007;(2):CD004654
Role in the trial
Not matched to a registered study
Identity check
no open identity hold
Audit mark
caution
Review state
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
How many documents were read
10 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
10 of them state the same halfLife, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
10 of them state the same bioavailability, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
10 of them state the same proteinBinding, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
10 of them state the same volumeOfDistribution, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
668Z8C33LU
RxNorm concept
200256
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✓ Passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Written into the record, not signed off.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✗ Not passed
Safety mode resolved
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
11 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA020741, approved 19971222 to GEMINI LABS LLC.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
3 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
The older medicine-wide conclusion held in this record
Written for a clinical reader, and about the medicine as a whole rather than about one indication, population and set of trials. RNAWiki does not treat it as a programme conclusion and no reviewer has signed it off in that form. It is here word for word because it is what the record holds.
A meglitinide that binds its own site on the beta-cell potassium channel to release insulin within an hour and stop within a few, lowering HbA1c by between 0.1 and 2.1 percentage points across eleven placebo-controlled trials — and for which, as the Cochrane review of fifteen trials and 3,781 participants states in terms, no study has reported an effect on mortality or morbidity.
Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q1
What did Repaglinide's largest trial (1499650 people) and its longest (13 years) measure?
1499650 people in Repaglinide's largest registered study, 13 years in its longest registered window, measuring Fasting repaglinide and metformin Cmax (maximum drug concentration) following NN4440 administration. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
32 phase1, 19 phase4, 9 na or unstated, 4 phase3, 2 na, 1 phase2; NCT00000620; 2012-12; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2025, NCT07235748.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Repaglinide was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase1
32
phase4
19
na or unstated
9
phase3
4
na
2
phase2
1
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT07235748
2025-12-23
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Repaglinide shown lifespan?
3 recorded entries; human; tablet; also "Repaglinide 1 MG", "repaglinide 0.5 mg tablet"
Show the evidence
human
NCT00832481
tablet; Repaglinide (NovoNorm®): 0.5 mg/tablet
NCT04008186
Repaglinide 1 MG
NCT07372625
tablet; repaglinide 0.5 mg tablet
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Repaglinide's half-life is 1 hour hours — which schedules were studied?
1 hour hours, the half-life Repaglinide's label states. openfda-label · 6ae28683-28cc-408e-90f9-6a3dddfc668d · 2026-08-30
bioavailability 56% %.
Show the evidence
half life
1 hour hours; Repaglinide is eliminated from the blood stream with a half-life of approximately 1 hour.
tmax
When repaglinide was given with food, the mean T max was not changed, but the mean C max and AUC (area under the time/plasma concentration curve) were decreased 20% and 12.4%, respectively.
bioavailability
56% %; The mean absolute bioavailability is 56%.
metabolism
Metabolism and Elimination Repaglinide is completely metabolized by oxidative biotransformation and direct conjugation with glucuronic acid after either an IV or oral dose.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Repaglinide's effect on haemoglobina1c?
Haemoglobina1c: measured in Repaglinide's trials.
haemoglobina1c is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
haemoglobina1c; 2026-09-01
glycemic control; 2026-09-01
hba1c at 12 weeks; 2026-09-01
fasting plasma glucose at 12 weeks; 2026-09-01
hba1c; 2026-09-01
safety; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
body composition; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
auc0 t and cmax; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
glycosylated haemoglobin; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
2 hours postprandial blood glucose; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
fasting blood glucose; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
body weight; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
cmax maximum observed plasma concentration; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
triglyceride levels post standardised fat tolerance test; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
basal hepatic glucose production; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
phase 2 baseline to week 44 in hemoglobin a1c levels; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hba1c change from baseline; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hospitalization for incident heart failure; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
incident pancreatic cancer; 2026-09-01
half life
2026-09-04; halfLife; hours; 1 hour; 2026-08-30
human trials at or under30
19
smallest human trial
9; NCT01698931; PHASE4; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; COMPLETED
Q7
Which of 2 hours postprandial blood glucose, apparent terminal elimination half life and apparent total clearance did Repaglinide's trials measure?
2 hours postprandial blood glucose, apparent terminal elimination half life and apparent total clearance lead 40 outcome terms across Repaglinide's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
fasting plasma glucose at 12 weeks, hba1c, safety, body composition, glycosylated haemoglobin a1c and auc0 t and cmax follow.
Show the evidence
haemoglobina1c
1
glycemic control
1
hba1c at 12 weeks
1
fasting plasma glucose at 12 weeks
1
hba1c
1
safety
1
14 more recorded rows
body composition
1
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c
1
auc0 t and cmax
1
glycosylated haemoglobin
1
2 hours postprandial blood glucose
1
fasting blood glucose
1
body weight
1
cmax maximum observed plasma concentration
1
triglyceride levels post standardised fat tolerance test
1
basal hepatic glucose production
1
phase 2 baseline to week 44 in hemoglobin a1c levels
1
hba1c change from baseline
1
hospitalization for incident heart failure
1
incident pancreatic cancer
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Repaglinide's 4 ongoing trials reports first?
"A Study of Neladalkib (NVL-655) in Patients With Advanced NSCLC and Other Solid Tumors Harboring ALK Rearrangement or Activating ALK Mutation (ALKOVE-1)"; n 840; "Dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) (Phase 1)"; 2028-01
NCT06601517
"A Drug-Drug Interaction (DDI) Study of HDM1002 With Repaglinide, Atorvastatin, Digoxin and Rosuvastatin in Healthy Subjects and Overweight Subjects."; n 30; "AUC[0-∞]"; 2025-04
NCT07340190
"A Drug-drug Interaction Study to Evaluate the Effects of Pelabresib on the Pharmacokinetics of Repaglinide, Midazolam, and Combined Oral Contraceptive in Patients With Advanced Malignancies"; n 24; "Maximum Plasma Concentration (Cmax) of repaglinide, midazolam, and drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol"; 2028-04-07
NCT07372625
"A Study to Investigate the Effects of Multiple Doses of Rezatapopt on the Pharmacokinetics of Metformin, Rosuvastatin, Repaglinide, and Midazolam in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors Harboring a TP53 Y220C Mutation."; n 14; "Metformin Cmax geometric mean ratio"; 2028-01
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 43 trials of Repaglinide posted no result?
Posted no result
43 of 43 completed trials
Registrations
NCT01562561, NCT01720290, NCT00118950, NCT01698931, NCT01605773 and NCT01720303, and 37 more
Completion dates
oldest 2002-12-20; newest 2024-07-29
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01562561
2002-12-20
NCT01720290
2003-02-25
NCT00118950
2003-03
NCT01698931
2003-03-06
NCT01605773
2003-03-13
NCT01720303
2003-04-10
14 further recorded trials
NCT00568984
2003-11-10
NCT00568074
2004-09-02
NCT01465152
2004-10-21
NCT01498913
2005-03-25
NCT00118963
2006-02
NCT00491725
2006-06
NCT01489644
2006-07
NCT01498900
2006-07
NCT01490658
2006-08
NCT00072904
2007-12
NCT00709917
2008-01
NCT00745433
2009-03
NCT00959101
2009-10
NCT01077570
2011-02
Q10
At the median, Repaglinide's trials enrolled 61.5 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
61.5
Largest enrolment
1499650
Registered trials counted
66
Q11
What do 1267 spontaneous reports say about Repaglinide — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Repaglinide appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 1267 reaction mentions were counted: hypoglycaemia 530; acute kidney injury 141; lactic acidosis 111; hypoglycaemic coma 110. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1272 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
hypoglycaemia
530
acute kidney injury
141
lactic acidosis
111
hypoglycaemic coma
110
confusional state
78
drug interaction
75
4 more recorded rows
sopor
59
renal failure
57
cholestasis
53
loss of consciousness
53
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
Was Repaglinide studied with fasting?
fasting is named in Repaglinide's label sentences: "This study used a single-center, randomized, open-label, two-formulation, single-dose, four-period, fully replicated, crossover design to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and safety of generic repaglinide tablets (1 mg) versus the innovator product in healthy Chinese subjects under…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
1 recorded statement; fasting
Show the evidence
fasting
This study used a single-center, randomized, open-label, two-formulation, single-dose, four-period, fully replicated, crossover design to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, bioequivalence, and safety of generic repaglinide tablets (1 mg) versus the innovator product in healthy Chinese subjects under fasting and fed conditions.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
What is recorded about Repaglinide and autophagy?
"Repaglinide triggered the expression of the mitophagy marker PINK1 and the autophagy protein beclin1 and alleviated striatal oxidative stress through escalating catalase activity." — where Repaglinide and autophagy appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2022-12-20
autophagy; PMID 36538285
Show the evidence
autophagy
PMID 36538285
"Repaglinide triggered the expression of the mitophagy marker PINK1 and the autophagy protein beclin1 and alleviated striatal oxidative stress through escalating catalase activity."
PMID 36538285
"Conclusively, repaglinide modulates the DREAM-ER stress BiP/ATF6/CHOP cascade, increases mitophagy/autophagy, inhibits apoptosis, and lessens oxidative stress, astrocyte/microglial activation, and neuroinflammation in PD."
recorded 2022-12-20 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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