This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Ramipril does in the body
The latter decrease may result in a small increase of serum potassium.
From the FDA-approved label: Ramipril and ramiprilat inhibit ACE in human subjects and animals. Angiotensin converting enzyme is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor substance, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II also stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex. Inhibition of ACE results in decreased plasma angiotensin II, which leads to decreased vasopressor activity and to decreased aldosterone secretion.
Why people take it. Hypertension, to lower blood pressure
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · L35JN3I7SJ · read 2026-08-29
Its recorded molecular formula is C23H32N2O5, weighing 416.5.
US prescribing information · 62f6aa5a-7587-4349-b61d-b2c235749979 · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
A person wrote this explanation into the record, with the studies named in the path below.
The recorded use, written for a reader without medical training. Not signed off.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 92 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved2 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Endurance
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Blood sugar
diabetes; changes in insulin sensitivity; insulin sensitivity
Endurance
maximum walking distance
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
2 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
ONTARGET. Composite Endpoint of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, Non-fatal Stroke and Hospitalization for Congestive Heart Failure
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00153101
How many people
31546
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
To evaluate the impact of circadian time of treatment in cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, metabolic, and renal risk assessment.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00741585
How many people
21983
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
All-cause mortality
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02735707
How many people
20000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
First Occurrence of a Major Cardiovascular Event (MCE); Specifically Nonfatal Heart Attack, Nonfatal Stroke, or Cardiovascular Death (Measured Throughout the Study) in the Glycemia Trial.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00000620
How many people
10251
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Polycap Primary Objective
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01646437
How many people
7793
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Participants With First CEC (Clinical Endpoint Committee) Confirmed Primary Composite Endpoint
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02924727
How many people
5669
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.1 registered measure of this kind. 2 written-up studies measured this and did not show a benefit.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.1 registered measure of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.1 registered measure of this kind.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.9 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat, Dog. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
sitting systolic blood pressure to week 12
changes in insulin sensitivity
high sensitivity c reactive protein
insulin sensitivity
trough clinic sitting systolic blood pressure
high sensitivity c reactive protein value
sitting systolic blood pressure
blood pressure
serum creatinine
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
death
maximum walking distance
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (29)
diabetes
postoperative atrial fibrillation
development of proteinuria
measuring arterial stiffness
left atrial volume
diastolic function
tissue type plasminogen activator antigen response
plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 response
interleukin 6 response
interleukin 8 response
interleukin 10 response
colonic pathology
summary of the end of study colonoscopy results
bioequivalence
interleukin 1 beta
beta cell function
rate and extend of absorption
interleukin 6
flow mediated dilatation
venous angiotensin ii levels after 12 weeks of treatment
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 2 to 4 hours hours
Read from the label, which states: “The initial rapid decline, which represents distribution of the drug into a large peripheral compartment and subsequent binding to both plasma and tissue ACE, has a half-life of 2 to 4 hours.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Ramipril Capsules are an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor indicated for the treatment of hypertension, to lower blood pressure. Lowering blood pressure reduces the risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events, primarily strokes and myocardial infarctions. It may be used alone or in combination with thiazide diuretics. ( 1.1 ).
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.”
US prescribing information · 62f6aa5a-7587-4349-b61d-b2c235749979 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Of the total number of patients who received ramipril in U.S. clinical studies of ramipril, 11.0% were ≥65 years of age while 0.2% were ≥75 years of age.”
US prescribing information · 62f6aa5a-7587-4349-b61d-b2c235749979 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Category D Use of drugs that act on the renin-angiotensin system during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy reduces fetal renal function and increases fetal and neonatal morbidity and death.”
US prescribing information · 62f6aa5a-7587-4349-b61d-b2c235749979 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Ingestion of a single 10 mg oral dose of ramipril resulted in undetectable amounts of ramipril and its metabolites in breast milk.”
US prescribing information · 62f6aa5a-7587-4349-b61d-b2c235749979 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “A single-dose pharmacokinetic study was conducted in hypertensive patients with varying degrees of renal impairment who received a single 10 mg dose of ramipril.”
US prescribing information · 62f6aa5a-7587-4349-b61d-b2c235749979 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S3, S6.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as capsule, tablet, solution, given by the oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Ramipril appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 9917 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
acute kidney injury — 1624 reaction mentions
hypotension — 1535 reaction mentions
hyperkalaemia — 1152 reaction mentions
fall — 1034 reaction mentions
hyponatraemia — 841 reaction mentions
angioedema — 821 reaction mentions
drug interaction — 811 reaction mentions
syncope — 726 reaction mentions
bradycardia — 694 reaction mentions
cough — 679 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
82 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 82 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 69037-0051 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as capsule and powder, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 69037-0051 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor [epc] and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 69037-0051 · read 2026-08-29
39 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 39 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 62f6aa5a-7587-4349-b61d-b2c235749979 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 62f6aa5a-7587-4349-b61d-b2c235749979 · read 2026-08-29
Ramipril is oral at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Ramipril is supplied as hard gelatin capsules containing 1.25 mg, 2.5 mg, 5 mg, and 10 mg of ramipril., recorded as fda label in effect 2025-07-10 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 62f6aa5a-7587-4349-b61d-b2c235749979 · read 2026-08-30
Recorded price in US: 0.04604–0.08336 USD per one unit as the pricing file counts it — a tablet, capsule, patch or single item, across 52 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Ramipril studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Ramipril are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
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No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
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Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
How many documents were read
38 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
36 of them state the same halfLife, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
38 of them state the same tMax, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
38 of them state the same proteinBinding, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
L35JN3I7SJ
RxNorm concept
198188
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How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
20 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA019901, approved 19910128 to KING PHARMS LLC.
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5 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q2
What did Ramipril's largest trial (63744 people) and its longest (14 years) measure?
63744 people in Ramipril's largest registered study, 14 years in its longest registered window, measuring ONTARGET. 3-fold Composite Endpoint of Doubling of Serum Creatinine, Progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and All-cause Mortality in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
47 phase4, 33 phase3, 21 phase2, 18 phase1, 10 na, 4 na or unstated, 1 early phase1; NCT00535925; 2019-05. Last human test completed 2025, NCT07184918.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Ramipril was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase4
47
phase3
33
phase2
21
phase1
18
na
10
na or unstated
4
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
1
Last recorded human testNCT07184918
2025-06-01
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Ramipril shown lifespan?
ONTARGET. 3-fold Composite Endpoint of Doubling of Serum Creatinine, Progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and All-cause Mortality in Diabetic… — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
mouse
lifespan
rat
lifespan
dog
lifespan
humanNCT00153101
lifespan; ONTARGET. 3-fold Composite Endpoint of Doubling of Serum Creatinine, Progression to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) and All-cause Mortality in Diabetic Nephropathy Patients; 128
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
13 of Ramipril's trials stopped: safety, futility/efficacy, accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?
safety (1), futility/efficacy (1), accrual/recruitment (6), funding/business (1) and other (4): Ramipril's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Not enough recruitment"; 13 of 128 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00208221
terminated; "Not enough recruitment"
NCT00389519
terminated; "A planned interim analysis was performed after approx. 240 subjects completed the trial. The study was stopped, as permitted by protocol, after the analysis."
NCT00542269
terminated; "Early termination of the study due to slow recruitment."
NCT00574834
terminated; "Lack of funding"
NCT00608465
terminated; "Lack of enrollment"
NCT00729365
terminated; "Data from other studies showed that study could not be completef successfully"
7 further recorded trials
NCT00736294
terminated; "Difficulty to include patients"
NCT00878969
terminated; "insufficient enrollment and retention"
NCT01234922
terminated; "slow accrual"
NCT01302899
terminated; "In consequence of termination of ALTITUDE. A number of studies were continued in consultation with the Altitude Data Monitoring Committee."
NCT01432106
withdrawn; "Novartis terminated all projects involving aliskiren. Findings of the DMC overseeing the ALTITUDE clinical trial found a higher incidence of adverse events."
NCT01856361
terminated; "We did not accrue as much as anticipated and the PI (Dabaja) is no longer at Weill Cornell."
NCT02008786
terminated; "Slow enrollment"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Ramipril used ramipril 10 mg — over how long?
Ramipril's half-life is 2 to 4 hours — which schedules were studied?
2 to 4 hours, the half-life Ramipril's label states. openfda-label · d5c58fb5-b415-4567-9790-55631705c5cd · 2026-08-30
Show the evidence
half life
2 to 4 hours hours; The initial rapid decline, which represents distribution of the drug into a large peripheral compartment and subsequent binding to both plasma and tissue ACE, has a half-life of 2 to 4 hours.
bioavailability
The absolute bioavailabilities of ramipril and ramiprilat were 28% and 44%, respectively, when 5 mg of oral ramipril was compared with the same dose of ramipril given intravenously.
metabolism
The serum protein binding of ramipril is about 73% and that of ramiprilat about 56%; in vitro, these percentages are independent of concentration over the range of 0.01 mcg/mL to 10 mcg/mL. Metabolism Ramipril is almost completely metabolized to ramiprilat, which has about 6 times the ACE inhibitory activity of ramipril, and to the diketopiperazine ester, the diketopiperazine acid, and the…
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of beta cell function, bioavailability based on cmax and auc parameters and bioequivalence did Ramipril's trials measure?
beta cell function, bioavailability based on cmax and auc parameters and bioequivalence lead 40 outcome terms across Ramipril's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
sitting systolic blood pressure to week 12, development of proteinuria, measuring arterial stiffness, left atrial volume, diastolic function and changes in insulin sensitivity follow.
Show the evidence
diabetes
1
death
1
postoperative atrial fibrillation
1
sitting systolic blood pressure to week 12
1
development of proteinuria
1
measuring arterial stiffness
1
14 more recorded rows
left atrial volume
1
diastolic function
1
changes in insulin sensitivity
1
tissue type plasminogen activator antigen response
1
plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 response
1
interleukin 6 response
1
interleukin 8 response
1
interleukin 10 response
1
colonic pathology
1
summary of the end of study colonoscopy results
1
bioequivalence
1
high sensitivity c reactive protein
1
interleukin 1 beta
1
beta cell function
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Ramipril's 10 ongoing trials reports first?
"Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia"; n 20000; "All-cause mortality"; 2028-02
NCT02842424
"Ramipril Treatment of Claudication: Oxidative Damage and Muscle Fibrosis"; n 70; "Absolute Claudication Distance"; 2026-06
NCT03440177
"Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacokinetics of Ramipril"; n 12; "Ramipril concentration in blood serum (area under curve (AUC))"; 2026-12
NCT03770936
"Effect of Some Drugs on Liver Fibrosis"; n 45; "Change in Fibroscan or APRI score"; 2027-11
NCT04173949
"Explorative Study for Treating Persistent Developmental Stuttering With Ramipril"; n 10; "changed in stuttered syllables"; 2025-12-30
NCT04662723
"Multicentre Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Personalized Therapy on Patients With Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy."; n 878; "-Proteinuria reduction within 6 months in IgAN patients with active renal lesions"; 2028-12-31
4 further recorded trials
NCT05133050
"Safety and Efficacy of ACEI in Alport Syndrome Patients With COL4A3/COL4A4/COL4A5 Variants"; n 510; "Disease progression time"; 2026-12-31
NCT05508035
"The Effect of Sacubitril/Valsartan Versus Ramipril on Left Ventricular Function and Remodeling in Patients With Ischemic Heart Failure With Mid-range Ejection Fraction"; n 488; "Change in left ventricular end-systolic volume"; 2028-12
NCT07259512
"Single and Twice-daily Dosing of Ramipril on Renal Function in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients With Reduced Ejection Fraction Heart Failure"; n 80; "Change in Plasma Renin Activity (PRA)"; 2026-01-31
NCT07547878
"Rapid and Simultaneous Initiation of Four Guideline-Directed CKD Therapies (RAPID-CKD)"; n 64; "On-study retention rate at 6 months"; 2029-03-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Ramipril could settle lifespan?
NCT02735707 measures All-cause mortality, reading out 2028-02.
1 open trial; n 20000; "Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT02735707
"Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia"; n 20000; "All-cause mortality"; 2028-02
Q10
Which 48 trials of Ramipril posted no result?
Posted no result
48 of 48 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00005928, NCT00274612, NCT00240422, NCT00863915, NCT00864162 and NCT00864448, and 42 more
Completion dates
oldest 2002-02; newest 2022-11-17
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00005928
2002-02
NCT00274612
2003-11
NCT00240422
2004-07
NCT00863915
2004-10
NCT00864162
2004-10
NCT00864448
2004-10
14 further recorded trials
NCT00044265
2004-11
NCT00946621
2004-11
NCT00702091
2005-01
NCT00702260
2005-01
NCT01402479
2005-07
NCT00325806
2005-08
NCT01164761
2005-10
NCT01164774
2005-11
NCT00054938
2005-12
NCT00489229
2005-12
NCT00140647
2006-07
NCT00273533
2006-07
NCT00095654
2006-10
NCT00310778
2007-03
Q11
At the median, Ramipril's trials enrolled 75 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
75
Largest enrolment
63744
Registered trials counted
127
Q12
What do 9917 spontaneous reports say about Ramipril — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Ramipril appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 9917 reaction mentions were counted: acute kidney injury 1624; hypotension 1535; hyperkalaemia 1152; fall 1034. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1168 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
acute kidney injury
1624
hypotension
1535
hyperkalaemia
1152
fall
1034
hyponatraemia
841
angioedema
821
4 more recorded rows
drug interaction
811
syncope
726
bradycardia
694
cough
679
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Ramipril studied with fasting and exercise?
fasting and exercise are named in Ramipril's label sentences: "DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The relationship between baseline fasting plasma glucose values and DDCD was determined among 31 227 participants of the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2015-05-28
2 recorded statements; fasting, exercise
Show the evidence
fasting
DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, AND MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The relationship between baseline fasting plasma glucose values and DDCD was determined among 31 227 participants of the Ongoing Telmisartan Alone and in combination with Ramipril Global Endpoint Trial/Telmisartan Randomized Assessment Study in ACE intolerant Subjects With Cardiovascular Disease studies followed up for a median of 4.7 years.
exercise
Subjects were randomized to ramipril 10 mg daily (n = 50) or placebo (n = 50) for 1 year, and underwent cardiac magnetic resonance, echocardiography, and exercise testing at 0, 6, and 12 months, with follow-up data available in 77 patients.
recorded 2015-05-28 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
What is recorded about Ramipril and AMPK?
"Chronic administration of these direct activators elevates the phosphorylation of AMPK in the kidney, without impacting blood glucose levels, and reduces the progression of proteinuria to a greater degree than the current standard of care, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril." — where Ramipril and AMPK appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2017-03-13
AMPK; PMID 28289077
Show the evidence
AMPKPMID 28289077
"Chronic administration of these direct activators elevates the phosphorylation of AMPK in the kidney, without impacting blood glucose levels, and reduces the progression of proteinuria to a greater degree than the current standard of care, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril."
recorded 2017-03-13 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.