This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Progesterone does in the body
Progesterone is necessary to increase endometrial receptivity for implantation of an embryo.
From the FDA-approved label: Progesterone is a naturally occurring steroid that is secreted by the ovary, placenta, and adrenal gland. In the presence of adequate estrogen, progesterone transforms a proliferative endometrium into a secretory endometrium. Once an embryo is implanted, progesterone acts to maintain a pregnancy.
Why people take it. Progesterone vaginal insert is indicated to support embryo implantation and early pregnancy by supplementation of corpus luteal function as part of an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatment program for infertile women.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 4G7DS2Q64Y · read 2026-08-29
The supplement label database classes it as hormone, under the name Progesterone.
Its recorded molecular formula is C21H30O2, weighing 314.46.
US prescribing information · 41682665-e889-4e2a-9382-88f6bcc30237 · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
A person wrote this explanation into the record, with the studies named in the path below.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 100 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer2 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved2 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Mood
beck depression inventory; edinburgh postnatal depression scale mean total
Blood sugar
serum hba1c at 3 months; auc insulin during 2 hour gtt at completion at 3 months
Cholesterol
very low density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion rate
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
2 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
2 registered test measure.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Incidence of interval cancers
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06270355
How many people
70000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intrauterine
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Distant metastasis-free survival at 5 years
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00433589
How many people
6600
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intrauterine
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Neonatal morbidity/mortality
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04301518
How many people
6500
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intrauterine
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Hormonal Birth Control and the Risk of Acquiring HIV
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00006324
How many people
6360
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intrauterine
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Mean cancer stress scores
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02993068
How many people
5200
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intrauterine
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in cognitive function
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06294431
How many people
4794
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
What a body can do day to day
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intrauterine
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.1 registered measure of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.2 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.3 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat, Dog, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
beck depression inventory
edinburgh postnatal depression scale mean total
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
serum hba1c at 3 months
auc insulin during 2 hour gtt at completion at 3 months
very low density lipoprotein triglyceride secretion rate
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
overall survival
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (34)
behavioral
subjective
biochemical
endometrial pathologic diagnosis
potential sebs relevant to endometrial carcinogenesis
scores on cars m scale at trial completion
ongoing pregnancy
gestational age
successful treatment
that had an increase in myocardial fatty acid utilization
clinical benefit rate
preterm birth
lh pulse frequency
an ongoing pregnancy
oocytes retrieved
serious aes
clinical pregnancy rate per cycle
expectant mothers experiencing adverse events
expectant mothers experiencing serious aes
women 1 live born infant during follow up
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
ENDOMETRIN ® is indicated, as part of an Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) treatment program, to support embryo implantation in infertile women less than 35 years of age by supplementation of corpus luteal function and to maintain pregnancy after implantation up to 10 weeks.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Therefore, the safety and effectiveness of progesterone vaginal insert in pediatric patients have not been established.”
US prescribing information · 41682665-e889-4e2a-9382-88f6bcc30237 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “No clinical data have been collected in patients over age 65.”
US prescribing information · 41682665-e889-4e2a-9382-88f6bcc30237 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Progesterone vaginal insert has been used to support embryo implantation and maintain clinical pregnancy in one clinical study.”
US prescribing information · 41682665-e889-4e2a-9382-88f6bcc30237 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Detectable amounts of progesterone have been identified in the milk of nursing mothers.”
US prescribing information · 41682665-e889-4e2a-9382-88f6bcc30237 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Intrauterine
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S6.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as insert, extended release, capsule, injectable, insert, given by the intrauterine, oral, injection route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Progesterone appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 2102 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
unintended pregnancy — 474 reaction mentions
drug hypersensitivity — 288 reaction mentions
hypersensitivity — 245 reaction mentions
breast cancer — 182 reaction mentions
back pain — 178 reaction mentions
metrorrhagia — 164 reaction mentions
erythema — 162 reaction mentions
hyperhidrosis — 155 reaction mentions
vaginal haemorrhage — 130 reaction mentions
hepatic enzyme increased — 124 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Intrauterine
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
211 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 179 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 82018-0012 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as capsule, capsule, gelatin coated, cream, gel, implant and injection, taken intramuscular, oral, sublingual and topical.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 82018-0012 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is progesterone [cs] and progesterone [epc].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 82018-0012 · read 2026-08-29
104 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 75 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 1637ac18-3a37-f3d5-e063-6394a90af157 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 1637ac18-3a37-f3d5-e063-6394a90af157 · read 2026-08-29
74 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as botanical, other combinations, hormone and non-nutrient/non-botanical.
Those labels carry all other, no claim and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
PROGESTERONE VAGINAL INSERTS is vaginal at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 100 mg vaginal insert is a white to off-white oblong-shaped tablet debossed with “175” on one side and “G” on the other side. • 100 mg vaginal insert ( 3 ), recorded as fda label in effect 2026-04-17 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 41682665-e889-4e2a-9382-88f6bcc30237 · read 2026-08-30
Recorded price in US: 0.23117–11.98085 USD per one unit as the pricing file counts it — a tablet, capsule, patch or single item, across 18 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Recorded price in US: 1.43541 USD per one millilitre, across 5 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Progesterone studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Progesterone are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
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Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
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4G7DS2Q64Y
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260243
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26 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA009238, approved 19741101 to LILLY.
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6 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (14)
Q2
What did Progesterone's largest trial (6360 people) and its longest (28 years) measure?
6360 people in Progesterone's largest registered study, 28 years in its longest registered window, measuring Cmax (Maximal Serum Concentration of Medroxyprogesterone Acetate (MPA)). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
98 phase4, 86 phase3, 81 na, 71 phase2, 30 phase1, 17 na or unstated, 13 early phase1; NCT00001481; 2024-10-25; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2026, NCT04549116.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Progesterone was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase4
98
phase3
86
na
81
phase2
71
phase1
30
na or unstated
17
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
13
Last recorded human testNCT04549116
2026-08-25
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Progesterone shown biomarker?
suspended; "Clinical studies are stopped, pending funding"
NCT01718444
terminated; "The primary investigator moved from academic practice to join a private group, and could not get any one to take over as PI for the study."
NCT01741376
withdrawn; "All clinical trials within the Department of Psychiatry at UMN were suspended and this study was withdrawn due to no enrollment."
NCT01812239
withdrawn; "inability to retain study drug with comparable placebo."
NCT01966575
withdrawn; "Recent findings suggest that letrozole may be a superior Clomiphene Citrate."
NCT02329535
terminated; "Results from similar research were already published"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Progesterone used 8% progesterone vaginal gel — over how long?
Did Progesterone move epigenetic clock, and by how much?
epigenetic clock: "To help address these gaps, we explored associations between social adversity and biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and salivary cytokine hierarchical "clusters" based on the three interleukins), neuroendocrine function (cortisol, cortisone,…" Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2024-01-17
1 recorded sentence; 2024; biomarker
Show the evidence
epigenetic clockPMID 38233512
2024; "To help address these gaps, we explored associations between social adversity and biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and salivary cytokine hierarchical "clusters" based on the three interleukins), neuroendocrine function (cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and progesterone), neuromodulation…"
recorded 2024-01-17 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
More Progesterone was worse in human: at what point?
U-shaped in human: "The progesterone-outcome relationship was significantly modified by protocol, with a nonlinear inverted U-shaped curve in GnRH-agonist protocols (interaction P<0.001 for CPR, P = 0.005 for LBR)." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2026-08-07
5 recorded sentences naming Progesterone; U-shaped, u-shaped, Hormetic, biphasic, dose-response
Show the evidence
U-shapedPMID 42630209
"The progesterone-outcome relationship was significantly modified by protocol, with a nonlinear inverted U-shaped curve in GnRH-agonist protocols (interaction P<0.001 for CPR, P = 0.005 for LBR)."
u-shapedPMID 38581902
"We found a u-shaped relationship between progesterone and baseline sIgA in naturally cycling women, with its nadir during ovulation."
HormeticPMID 35221821
"Hormetic-biphasic dose response relationships are reported herein for human endothelial progenitor cells involving estradiol, nicotine, the anti-diabetic agent pioglitazone, resveratrol, and progesterone."
biphasicPMID 41360319
"Vascular endothelial growth factor exhibited biphasic expression patterns; epidermal growth factor level was up-regulated by estradiol and down-regulated by progesterone."
dose-responsePMID 40803400
"In only high-pollution areas, later trimester heat exposure was associated with progressive progesterone reduction in a dose-response pattern."
recorded 2026-08-07 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of an ongoing pregnancy, auc during oral gtt at completion at 3 months and auc insulin during 2 hour gtt at completion at 3 months did Progesterone's trials measure?
an ongoing pregnancy, auc during oral gtt at completion at 3 months and auc insulin during 2 hour gtt at completion at 3 months lead 40 outcome terms across Progesterone's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation beck depression inventory, edinburgh postnatal depression scale mean total, endometrial pathologic diagnosis, potential sebs relevant to endometrial carcinogenesis, scores on cars m scale at trial completion and overall survival follow.
Show the evidence
behavioral
1
subjective
1
biochemical
1
beck depression inventory
1
edinburgh postnatal depression scale mean total
1
endometrial pathologic diagnosis
1
14 more recorded rows
potential sebs relevant to endometrial carcinogenesis
1
scores on cars m scale at trial completion
1
overall survival
1
ongoing pregnancy
1
gestational age
1
successful treatment
1
that had an increase in myocardial fatty acid utilization
1
clinical benefit rate
1
preterm birth
1
lh pulse frequency
1
an ongoing pregnancy
1
oocytes retrieved
1
serious aes
1
clinical pregnancy rate per cycle
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which of Progesterone's 47 ongoing trials reports first?
"Acute Progesterone Suppression of Wake vs. Sleep Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Frequency in Pubertal Girls With and Without Hyperandrogenism"; n 36; "Luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency"; 2025-12-01
NCT03068910
"Hyperandrogenemia and Altered Day-night LH Pulse Patterns"; n 32; "Luteinizing hormone (LH) pulse frequency"; 2025-12-01
NCT03463252
"Value of LNG-IUS as Fertility-preserving Treatment of EAH and EC"; n 224; "Pathologic Response"; 2030-12-30
NCT03621904
"PROMOTE Study: Prediction of Response Of HorMOnal Treatment in Advanced and Recurrent Endometrial Cancer"; n 150; "Response rate"; 2027-09-01
NCT03637062
"Verify the Safety and Effectiveness of the Cerclage Pessary in Prevention and Treatment of High-risk Preterm Pregnancy"; n 300; "Child's birth and survival（rate）"; 2026-12-01
NCT04783857
"Modifying Progesterone and Estradiol Levels to Prevent Postpartum Cigarette Smoking Relapse and Reduce Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Infants and Children"; n 171; "Smoking abstinence at Month 6"; 2027-06-02
14 further recorded trials
NCT05080569
"Luteal Phase Support in IUI MOH Treatment Luteal Phase Support in IUI MOH Treatment"; n 1008; "Live Birth"; 2027-07
NCT05247268
"Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone Agonist (GnRHa) Plus Letrozole In Young Women With Early Endometrial Cancer"; n 104; "Complete response rates within 16 weeks of treatment"; 2027-09-10
NCT05255653
"Refining Adjuvant Treatment IN Endometrial Cancer Based On Molecular Features"; n 1615; "p53abn-RED trial"; 2031-01-01
NCT05282277
"Examining the Effects of Estradiol on Neural and Molecular Response to Reward"; n 103; "Changes in Striatal Activation Between Groups during the MID task"; 2026-12-31
NCT05704036
"Estrogen Supplementation and Bone Health in Women With CF"; n 75; "Change in lumbar spine bone mineral density assessed by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA)"; 2027-01
NCT05787509
"Prolonged Progesterone to Prevent Preterm Birth From IVF - ET"; n 100; "Incidence of preterm birth"; 2029-04-30
NCT05903131
"Uterine Preservation Via Lifestyle Transformation"; n 96; "Number of participants with atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH)-free biopsy"; 2029-10-31
NCT05969795
"Comparison of Live Birth Rate in Natural Cycle Single Euploid FET Versus Without Luteal Phase Support"; n 342; "Implantation rate"; 2026-09-30
NCT06036446
"LATe Cerclage in High-risk Pregnancies (LATCH)"; n 329; "Incidence of preterm birth <37 weeks"; 2029-02
NCT06463652
"Cerclage With Progesterone Versus Progesterone Only in Singleton Pregnancies"; n 328; "Time from randomization to delivery"; 2026-10
NCT06572761
"A Combination of Antibiotics to Decrease Neonatal Morbidity and Mortality for Previable Threatened Labor"; n 350; "A perinatal composite outcome"; 2030-05
NCT06610305
"Ovarian Hormone Withdrawal, Anhedonia, and Reward Sensitivity in Women With Premenstrual Exacerbations of Depression"; n 75; "Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (Luteal Phase Stabilized vs Luteal Phase Unstabilized Hormones vs Follicular Phase)"; 2028-06-01
NCT06631547
"Effect of Progesterone Administration on Severely Head Injured Patients"; n 50; "Glasgow outcome scale GOS-E score"; 2027-07-01
NCT06637189
"Protocol with Progestin-primed Ovarian Stimulation (PPOS) from the Beginning of Stimulation Versus Protocol with GnRH Antagonists for Ovarian Stimulation in Patients Undergoing DUOSTIM with Embryo Accumulation for PGT-A."; n 144; "Number of Euploid Embryos"; 2025-12-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Which running trial of Progesterone could settle lifespan?
NCT03637062 measures Child's birth and survival（rate）, reading out 2026-12-01.
1 open trial; n 300; "Verify the Safety and Effectiveness of the Cerclage Pessary in Prevention and Treatment of High-risk Preterm Pregnancy"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT03637062
"Verify the Safety and Effectiveness of the Cerclage Pessary in Prevention and Treatment of High-risk Preterm Pregnancy"; n 300; "Child's birth and survival（rate）"; 2026-12-01
Q11
Which 111 trials of Progesterone posted no result?
Posted no result
111 of 111 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00000601, NCT00000466, NCT01472315, NCT00000559, NCT00000295 and NCT00005108, and 105 more
Completion dates
oldest 2000-06; newest 2024-06-13
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00000601
2000-06
NCT00000466
2000-10
NCT01472315
2000-11
NCT00000559
2001-08
NCT00000295
2001-12
NCT00005108
2002-01
14 further recorded trials
NCT00000605
2002-07
NCT00830414
2002-09
NCT00006324
2002-12
NCT00000555
2003-05
NCT00006399
2004-03
NCT00016601
2004-05
NCT00332553
2004-05
NCT00530582
2004-07
NCT00291369
2005-02
NCT00416429
2005-02
NCT01081652
2005-05
NCT00377923
2006-03
NCT00117468
2006-04
NCT00296478
2006-07
Q12
At the median, Progesterone's trials enrolled 103.5 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
103.5
Largest enrolment
6360
Registered trials counted
370
Q13
What do 2102 spontaneous reports say about Progesterone — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Progesterone appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 2102 reaction mentions were counted: unintended pregnancy 474; drug hypersensitivity 288; hypersensitivity 245; breast cancer 182. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL103 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
unintended pregnancy
474
drug hypersensitivity
288
hypersensitivity
245
breast cancer
182
back pain
178
metrorrhagia
164
4 more recorded rows
erythema
162
hyperhidrosis
155
vaginal haemorrhage
130
hepatic enzyme increased
124
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
Was Progesterone studied with fasting?
fasting is named in Progesterone's label sentences: "This open-label, balanced, randomized, two-treatment, crossover, single-dose study compared the bioequivalence of aqueous progesterone 25 mg injection (AqSusten<sup>®</sup> [Test, Sun Pharma Laboratories Limited]), compared to the innovator's aqueous progesterone 25 mg injection (Lubion<sup>®</sup>…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-02-01
1 recorded statement; fasting
Show the evidence
fasting
This open-label, balanced, randomized, two-treatment, crossover, single-dose study compared the bioequivalence of aqueous progesterone 25 mg injection (AqSusten<sup>®</sup> [Test, Sun Pharma Laboratories Limited]), compared to the innovator's aqueous progesterone 25 mg injection (Lubion<sup>®</sup> [Reference, IBSA Farmaceutici Italia Srl]), in healthy postmenopausal women under fasting…
recorded 2026-02-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q15
What is recorded about Progesterone and sirtuin?
"In vitro experiments confirmed that H₂O₂ suppresses progesterone production via downregulation of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)." — where Progesterone and sirtuin appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-02-28
"In vitro experiments confirmed that H₂O₂ suppresses progesterone production via downregulation of Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)."
PMID 41764539
"Similarly, inhibition of NAMPT attenuated the positive regulatory effect of NMN, leading to a marked reduction in SIRT1 levels and a consequent suppression of progesterone secretion."
NAD+PMID 41764539
"Similarly, inhibition of NAMPT attenuated the positive regulatory effect of NMN, leading to a marked reduction in SIRT1 levels and a consequent suppression of progesterone secretion."
sirtuinPMID 41764539
"Thus, SIRT1 activation induces NAMPT expression, which in turn feeds back to enhance SIRT1 activity and support progesterone biosynthesis."
NAD+
PMID 41764539
"Thus, SIRT1 activation induces NAMPT expression, which in turn feeds back to enhance SIRT1 activity and support progesterone biosynthesis."
PMID 41764539
"Together, these findings suggest that NMN alleviates H₂O₂-induced progesterone synthesis disruption in mGCs through activation of the NAD⁺/SIRT1/NAMPT axis, providing a potential therapeutic strategy for oxidative stress–related reproductive dysfunction."
autophagyPMID 37976799
"In addition, to determine whether melatonin regulated progesterone secretion via the regulation of autophagy, luteal cells were cultured before being exposed to different concentrations of melatonin (0.01-100 nM) and the autophagy inhibitor chloroquine (50 μM)."
mTORPMID 37976799
"Next, luteal cells were treated with the melatonin receptor inhibitors 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (1 μM) and luzindole (1 μM) before detecting Bec1, LC3B2, AMPK/mTOR, and progesterone secretion levels to ascertain whether the effect of melatonin on autophagy and progesterone secretion is mediated by its corresponding receptors in luteal cells."
AMPKPMID 37976799
"Next, luteal cells were treated with the melatonin receptor inhibitors 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (1 μM) and luzindole (1 μM) before detecting Bec1, LC3B2, AMPK/mTOR, and progesterone secretion levels to ascertain whether the effect of melatonin on autophagy and progesterone secretion is mediated by its corresponding receptors in luteal cells."
autophagyPMID 37976799
"Next, luteal cells were treated with the melatonin receptor inhibitors 4-phenyl-2-propionamidotetralin (1 μM) and luzindole (1 μM) before detecting Bec1, LC3B2, AMPK/mTOR, and progesterone secretion levels to ascertain whether the effect of melatonin on autophagy and progesterone secretion is mediated by its corresponding receptors in luteal cells."
mTORPMID 37976799
"Overall, the highest expression of melatonin receptors, autophagy and progesterone secretion was observed in the middle-phase corpus luteum; additionally, melatonin promoted autophagy, at least partially, through its receptor-mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway, which thereby promoting progesterone secretion in luteal cells in vitro."
AMPKPMID 37976799
"Overall, the highest expression of melatonin receptors, autophagy and progesterone secretion was observed in the middle-phase corpus luteum; additionally, melatonin promoted autophagy, at least partially, through its receptor-mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway, which thereby promoting progesterone secretion in luteal cells in vitro."
3 more recorded rows
autophagyPMID 37976799
"Overall, the highest expression of melatonin receptors, autophagy and progesterone secretion was observed in the middle-phase corpus luteum; additionally, melatonin promoted autophagy, at least partially, through its receptor-mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway, which thereby promoting progesterone secretion in luteal cells in vitro."
mTORPMID 37801481
"Mechanistic investigations confirmed that PLCL1 activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway and interacts with decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP)."
AMPKPMID 37801481
"Mechanistic investigations confirmed that PLCL1 activates the AMPK/mTOR pathway and interacts with decidual protein induced by progesterone (DEPP)."
recorded 2026-02-28 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 12 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
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