No plain explanation of what this changes is stored.
No recorded use is stored in reader language.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 26 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Endurance
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Recovery
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Endurance
time to exhaustion
Recovery
pathogenic clearance rate and recovery rate
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
1 registered performance measure of this kind.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Urogenital CT Infection
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03107377
How many people
860
Study design
Phase 2/Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in Body Weight
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07673432
How many people
20
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 3 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.1 registered measure of this kind. No reviewed result.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.1 registered measure of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.1 registered measure of this kind.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.11 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Yeast, C. elegans (roundworm), Mouse, Rat, Dog, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
increased base line creatinine at least 25
serum bicarbonate levels
urinary transforming growth factor beta1
urine ph
urinary transforming growth factor beta 1
time to exhaustion
doubling of creatinine
serum bicarbonate level
brachial artery flow mediated dilation
ambulatory blood pressure
and 2 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
short term survival
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (27)
biochemical markers of bone turnover
contrast induced nephropathy
who developed acute kidney injury within 72 hours
incidence of contrast induced nephropathy
development of contrast induced nephropathy
contrast induced nephropathy incidence
occurrence of contrast induced nephropathy
acute kidney injury
incidence/severity of oral mucositis who grades 1 2 3 and 4
end tidal carbon dioxide
improvement
rate of return of spontaneous circulation
obstruction resolution as good or excellent
dexa of wrist
incidence of contrast induced acute kidney injury
raltegravir area under the curve 0 12h
phase i maximum tolerated dose
phase ii of desired response
amount of biofilm formed on the denture
pathogenic clearance rate and recovery rate
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
No description of who was studied is recorded.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No form or route is recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing is recorded about product quality.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Potassium Bitartrate appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 3 most-reported reaction terms, 4 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (3)
circulatory collapse — 2 reaction mentions
diverticulum oesophageal — 1 reaction mentions
factitious disorder — 1 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
The exact form studied is not recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
4 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 1 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 83027-0027 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as gel, liquid and suppository, taken oral, rectal and vaginal.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 83027-0027 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is alkalinizing activity [moa], increased large intestinal motility [pe] and inhibition large intestine fluid/electrolyte absorption [pe].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 83027-0027 · read 2026-08-29
6858 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as mineral, non-nutrient/non-botanical and other.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Phexx is vaginal at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Vaginal gel: 18 mg of lactic acid, 10 mg of citric acid, and 4 mg of potassium bitartrate in each gram (1.8%, 1%, and 0.4%, respectively) of off-white to tan color gel supplied in a pre-fill…, recorded as fda label in effect 2025-05-02 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 14b01a15-9b47-4be3-bb2e-a2010eab429e · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Potassium Bitartrate studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Potassium Bitartrate are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
NPT6P8P3UU
CAS registry number
868-14-4
PubChem compound
23681127
ChEMBL
CHEMBL2028510
ChEBI
32034
RxNorm concept
223779
EMA substance identifier
100000089671
European Chemicals Agency number
212-769-1
DrugBank
DB11107
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✗ Not passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries no source: the record holds neither an explanation nor a recorded use.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✗ Not passed
Safety mode resolved
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
1 approved application covers products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA208352, approved 20200522 to EVOFEM INC.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q1
What did Potassium Bitartrate's largest trial (14000 people) and its longest (18 years) measure?
14000 people in Potassium Bitartrate's largest registered study, 18 years in its longest registered window, measuring Composite criteria of Day 28 mortality and/or patients with at least one organ failure defined as a SOFA score of 3 or 4. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
58 na, 29 phase2, 29 phase4, 26 phase3, 22 phase1, 8 early phase1, 4 na or unstated; NCT06545461; 2016-10-30. Last human test completed 2024, NCT05278260.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Potassium Bitartrate was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
58
phase2
29
phase4
29
phase3
26
phase1
22
early phase1
8
2 more recorded rows
na or unstated
4
Last recorded human testNCT05278260
2024-11-13
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From yeast to human: where has Potassium Bitartrate shown lifespan?
C. elegans: lifespan, NHP: mechanism-only, yeast: mechanism-only, mouse: lifespan, rat: biomarker, dog: lifespan and human: lifespan (165): the rungs where Potassium Bitartrate has a recorded finding. Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov · organism ladder · 2026-09-01
Composite criteria of Day 28 mortality and/or patients with at least one organ failure defined as a SOFA score of 3 or 4 — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
C. elegans
lifespan
NHP
mechanism-only
yeast
mechanism-only
mouse
lifespan
rat
biomarker
dog
lifespan
1 more recorded row
humanNCT02476253
lifespan; Composite criteria of Day 28 mortality and/or patients with at least one organ failure defined as a SOFA score of 3 or 4; 165
terminated; "Not reaching recruitment and endpoint goals"
NCT00579995
terminated; "Technical measurement problems led to unreliable or uninterpretable data."
NCT01093131
withdrawn; "Investigator left institution"
NCT01350583
terminated; "PI Left Moffitt"
NCT01846429
terminated; "Drugs unavailable. Study did not progress to Phase 2."
8 further recorded trials
NCT01894594
terminated; "Poor recruitment"
NCT02046135
terminated; "Statistical analysis at interim analysis determined futility in continuing."
NCT02647892
terminated; "IRB protocol administratively closed, Continuing Review or Study Completion Report not submitted"
NCT02743650
terminated; "Difficulties identifying subjects who were qualified to participate in the study"
NCT03461354
terminated; "Interim analysis indicated study closure"
NCT03971617
terminated; "Insufficient enrollment to answer research question"
NCT04530448
terminated; "Unable to recruit enough subjects to complete the study. Only 3 subjects enrolled. However, those subjects did not complete the study as the PI terminated the study and data was not collected."
NCT06047366
terminated; "Student PI is preparing for graduation and cannot complete the study as planned."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of Potassium Bitartrate used 8.4% w/v Sodium bicarbonate B Braun Melsungen, Germany. — over how long?
Human studies of Potassium Bitartrate used "8.4% w/v Sodium bicarbonate B Braun Melsungen, Germany." ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Did Potassium Bitartrate move Horvath, and by how much?
Horvath: "The Horvath-Kawazoe (HK) method was used to analyze micropore size distributions, and the results show that, under the same mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to carbonized sample (KOH/C), the positions of extreme points on the two curves are similar, but the extreme values are different, and new extreme points appear…" Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2020-01-10
2 recorded sentences; 2020, 2017; biomarker
Show the evidence
Horvath
PMID 35494566
2020; "The Horvath-Kawazoe (HK) method was used to analyze micropore size distributions, and the results show that, under the same mass ratio of potassium hydroxide to carbonized sample (KOH/C), the positions of extreme points on the two curves are similar, but the extreme values are different, and new extreme points appear at larger pore sizes with increases in the KOH/C ratio."
PMID 28924617
2017; "A recent experimental study by Horvath et al. has shown that the amplitude of the late component of the Na current is as large as potassium (K) and Ca currents (∼1 pA/pF)."
recorded 2020-01-10 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Could one person measure Potassium Bitartrate's effect on biochemical markers of bone turnover?
Biochemical markers of bone turnover: measured in Potassium Bitartrate's trials.
Interpretation biochemical markers of bone turnover is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
biochemical markers of bone turnover; 2026-09-01
contrast induced nephropathy; 2026-09-01
who developed acute kidney injury within 72 hours; 2026-09-01
incidence of contrast induced nephropathy; 2026-09-01
development of contrast induced nephropathy; 2026-09-01
increased base line creatinine at least 25; 2026-09-01
0; NCT01093131; PHASE4; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q8
Which of acute kidney injury, ambulatory blood pressure and amount of biofilm formed on the denture did Potassium Bitartrate's trials measure?
acute kidney injury, ambulatory blood pressure and amount of biofilm formed on the denture lead 40 outcome terms across Potassium Bitartrate's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
incidence of contrast induced nephropathy, development of contrast induced nephropathy, increased base line creatinine at least 25, contrast induced nephropathy incidence, occurrence of contrast induced nephropathy and serum bicarbonate levels follow.
Show the evidence
biochemical markers of bone turnover
1
contrast induced nephropathy
1
who developed acute kidney injury within 72 hours
1
incidence of contrast induced nephropathy
1
development of contrast induced nephropathy
1
increased base line creatinine at least 25
1
14 more recorded rows
contrast induced nephropathy incidence
1
occurrence of contrast induced nephropathy
1
serum bicarbonate levels
1
acute kidney injury
1
incidence/severity of oral mucositis who grades 1 2 3 and 4
1
end tidal carbon dioxide
1
urinary transforming growth factor beta1
1
improvement
1
rate of return of spontaneous circulation
1
obstruction resolution as good or excellent
1
short term survival
1
urine ph
1
dexa of wrist
1
urinary transforming growth factor beta 1
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which of Potassium Bitartrate's 31 ongoing trials reports first?
Change in muscle oxygenation after exercise/stretching training; Overall Response Rate (ORR); latest 2031-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02411773
"Sympatholysis in Chronic Kidney Disease"; n 110; "Change in muscle oxygenation after exercise/stretching training"; 2027-06
NCT02918188
"Therapeutic Effects of Hydrogen on Steroid-refractory/or Steroid-dependent cGVHD"; n 21; "Overall Response Rate (ORR)"; 2031-01
NCT04175301
"Effect H2 Water on QoL of Patients Receiving Radiotherapy for High Grade Gliomas."; n 15; "Patient enrollment statistics"; 2027-09-30
NCT04651088
"Comparing Alkalinizing Agents Efficacy on Stone Risk in Patients on a Metabolically Controlled Diet"; n 15; "24 hour urine volume"; 2027-07
NCT04984226
"Sodium Bicarbonate and Mitochondrial Energetics in Persons With CKD"; n 80; "muscle mitochondrial oxidative capacity by 31P MRS"; 2026-12-31
NCT05005793
"Effect of Alkali Therapy on Vascular and Graft Function in Kidney Transplant Recipients"; n 120; "Change in Brachial artery flow mediated dilation at 12 months"; 2026-08-31
14 further recorded trials
NCT05113641
"Reducing Dietary Acid With Food Versus Oral Alkali in People With Chronic Kidney Disease (ReDACKD)"; n 37; "Randomization to preliminary eligible ratio"; 2026-09
NCT05328180
"aDjunct bicarbonatE in Local anaesthesIa for CarpAl Tunnel rElease (DELICATE)"; n 116; "Total pain level with visual analogic scale (VAS)"; 2025-12
NCT05564130
"Bicarbonate for In-Hospital Cardiac Arrest"; n 778; "Number of Participants With Return of Spontaneous Circulation"; 2027-02-11
NCT05574296
"Hydrogen's Feasibility and Safety as a Therapy in ECPR"; n 53; "Feasibility of hydrogen administration (primary)"; 2027-08-31
NCT05697770
"SODium BICarbonate for Metabolic Acidosis in the ICU"; n 500; "MAKE30 score"; 2026-07
NCT05719467
"SAINT: Safe Induction of Labor Trial"; n 3000; "Spontaneous vs operative birth"; 2027-12-31
NCT05753813
"Exploring the Effects of an Intravaginal Lactic Acid Gel on the Vaginal Microbiome"; n 22; "To assess participant's baseline vaginal microbiome makeup"; 2026-12-30
NCT05853692
"Prevention of Oral Mucositis in Head and Neck Cancer."; n 130; "Oral Mucositis"; 2028-06-10
NCT05870007
"Atorvastatin and Alkali Therapy in Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease"; n 30; "Changes in kidney function in patients enrolled in different arms of the study"; 2026-12
NCT05928936
"Neurovascular Regulation During Exercise in Humans With Chronic Kidney Disease: Sympatholysis in CKD"; n 156; "Change in Exercise Capacity"; 2028-06-01
NCT06249061
"Oral Sodium Bicarbonate for the Prevention of Labour Dystocia"; n 200; "Feasibility of a full-scale RCT"; 2027-12
NCT06270134
"Dial-Bicarb Trial: Effects of a Lower vs. Higher Concentration of Dialysate Bicarbonate"; n 14000; "Non-elective hospitalizations"; 2029-04
NCT06335537
"Impact of Sodium Bicarbonate on 24-hour Urine Parameters in Hypocitriuric and Uric Acid Stone Formers"; n 100; "Change in 24-hour Urinary pH"; 2026-07
NCT06826222
"Sodium Bicarbonate Intake on Endurance Performance"; n 19; "10 km time-trial run"; 2026-12-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Which 69 trials of Potassium Bitartrate posted no result?
Posted no result
69 of 69 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00312117, NCT00606827, NCT00334191, NCT00177645, NCT00730184 and NCT00634491, and 63 more
Completion dates
oldest 2006-02; newest 2024-04-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00312117
2006-02
NCT00606827
2006-03
NCT00334191
2006-06
NCT00177645
2006-12
NCT00730184
2007-12
NCT00634491
2008-02
14 further recorded trials
NCT00513825
2008-07
NCT00770614
2008-12
NCT00353340
2009-05
NCT00540904
2009-09
NCT00796354
2010-02
NCT00745147
2010-04
NCT00639912
2010-10
NCT01509456
2010-10
NCT01198821
2011-06
NCT01440478
2011-10
NCT00965172
2012-02
NCT00706771
2012-09
NCT01225796
2012-11
NCT01621074
2013-01
Q11
At the median, Potassium Bitartrate's trials enrolled 60 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
60
Largest enrolment
14000
Registered trials counted
165
Q12
What do 4 spontaneous reports say about Potassium Bitartrate — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Potassium Bitartrate appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 3 most-reported reaction terms, 4 reaction mentions were counted: circulatory collapse 2; diverticulum oesophageal 1; factitious disorder 1. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL2105248 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
circulatory collapse
2
diverticulum oesophageal
1
factitious disorder
1
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Potassium Bitartrate studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Potassium Bitartrate's label sentences: "Additionally, caffeine consumption moderated the increase in plasma potassium levels in TT genotype carriers, while A allele carriers exhibited elevated potassium levels 15 min post-exercise, regardless of caffeine or placebo intake (<i>p</i> < 0.05)." openfda-label+europepmc · 2024-12-21
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
Additionally, caffeine consumption moderated the increase in plasma potassium levels in TT genotype carriers, while A allele carriers exhibited elevated potassium levels 15 min post-exercise, regardless of caffeine or placebo intake (<i>p</i> < 0.05).
recorded 2024-12-21 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
What is recorded about Potassium Bitartrate and autophagy?
"In this study, we identify potassium homeostasis as a previously unknown regulator of autophagy through the phosphatase activities of Ppz1 and Ppz2." — where Potassium Bitartrate and autophagy appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-06-15
"In this study, we identify potassium homeostasis as a previously unknown regulator of autophagy through the phosphatase activities of Ppz1 and Ppz2."
AMPKPMID 39050160
"The level of interaction between Beclin-1 and the α<sub>1</sub> subunit of sodium/potassium-adenosine triphosphates (Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase), and phosphorylated forms of IGF-1 receptor/insulin receptor (IGF-1R/IR), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were measured."
IGF-1PMID 39050160
"The level of interaction between Beclin-1 and the α<sub>1</sub> subunit of sodium/potassium-adenosine triphosphates (Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase), and phosphorylated forms of IGF-1 receptor/insulin receptor (IGF-1R/IR), forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) were measured."
mTORPMID 42491139
"We systematically elucidate how hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation disrupt sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride channel networks through interconnected pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and PIEZO1."
AMPKPMID 42491139
"We systematically elucidate how hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, and inflammation disrupt sodium, calcium, potassium, and chloride channel networks through interconnected pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3), and PIEZO1."
senolyticPMID 40354378
"The senolytic activity of Lana C was inhibited by potassium chloride (KCl) and Z-VAD-FMK (ZVF), a widely used pan-caspase inhibitor."
2 more recorded rows
IGF-1PMID 38622478
"We previously demonstrated that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) regulates sodium/potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>-ATPase) in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) via phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)."
mTORPMID 41979005
"We conclude that Kir4.1 deletion drives ENaC hyperactivity in the DCT via the mTORC2-dependent SGK1/Nedd4-2 signaling pathway, promoting low potassium diet-induced hypokalemia."
autophagy
PMID 41906654
"Bafetinib directly targets and binds to the potassium channel KCNK6/TWIK2, blocking its degradation via the chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) pathway to promote potassium efflux, thereby triggering NLRP3 inflammasome activation."
PMID 40267139
"Our findings reveal a physiological role for neuronal autophagy in the regulation of neuronal excitability via the control of RYR-mediated calcium release, and thereby, calcium-activated potassium channel function in the mammalian brain."
sirtuinPMID 38791311
"To characterize the cytotoxic effects of DOX on isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes, focusing on the expression of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) and their molecular targets associated with endogenous cardioprotective mechanisms such as the ATP-sensitive potassium channel (KATP), Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), FOXO1, and GSK3β."
recorded 2026-06-15 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
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