This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Perindopril does in the body
The mechanism through which perindoprilat lowers blood pressure is believed to be primarily inhibition of ACE activity.
From the FDA-approved label: Perindopril erbumine is a pro-drug for perindoprilat, which inhibits ACE in human subjects and animals. ACE is a peptidyl dipeptidase that catalyzes conversion of the inactive decapeptide, angiotensin I, to the vasoconstrictor, angiotensin II. Angiotensin II is a potent peripheral vasoconstrictor, which stimulates aldosterone secretion by the adrenal cortex, and provides negative feedback on renin secretion.
Why people take it. Essential hypertension
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 1964X464OJ · read 2026-08-29
Its recorded molecular formula is C19H32N2O5C4H11N, weighing 368.47.
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
A person wrote this explanation into the record, with the studies named in the path below.
The recorded use, written for a reader without medical training. Not signed off.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 90 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 36 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Healthy ageing
…Waiting for a reviewer2 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Healthy ageing
all cause mortality; all cause hospitalization or all cause mortality
Blood sugar
homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index
Cholesterol
low density lipoprotein cholesterol
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
… Waiting for a reviewer
2 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
1 registered test measure.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Cardiovascular Disease
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05564780
How many people
20000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
All-cause mortality
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02735707
How many people
20000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Composite of non-fatal stroke, non-fatal myocardial infarction or death from any cardiovascular cause
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00145925
How many people
11140
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Time to cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina or hospitalization for heart failure
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04040634
How many people
9476
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Time to cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction (MI), non-fatal stroke, hospitalization for unstable angina or hospitalization for heart failure [ Time Frame: From randomization; for approximately a mean of 3.5 years ]
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04036409
How many people
4368
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
All strokes (fatal and non-fatal)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00122811
How many people
4000
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.2 registered measures of this kind. 3 written-up studies measured this and did not show a benefit.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.2 registered measures of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.2 registered measures of this kind.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.8 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.1 registered measure inside human tissue.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
cerebral small vessel disease progressing
homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index
urine albumin creatinine day and night
24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
blood pressure in
variation of exercise induced urinary albumin excretion
systolic blood pressure
low density lipoprotein cholesterol
blood pressure
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
walking speed
all cause mortality
gait speed from baseline
all cause hospitalization or all cause mortality
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (23)
bioequivalence determined by statistical comparison cmax
central arterial pressure
degree of peritoneal protein loss
interoperative hypotension
ventricular enlargement
safety blood pressure
safety vital signs
safety electrolytes
safety adverse events
cap value of fibroscan db/m
ras peptide profiles
days alive and not receiving organ support in icu
sbp and dbp response
peak oxygen consumption
peak oxygen pulse
lvef
no left ventricular hypertrophy
no concentric remodeling
no impaired systolic function
normal diastolic function
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 0.8 to 1 hours hours
Read from the label, which states: “The mean half-life of perindopril associated with most of its elimination is approximately 0.8 to 1 hours.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Perindopril erbumine tablets are indicated for the treatment of patients with essential hypertension. (1.1) Perindopril erbumine tablets are indicated for treatment of patients with stable coronary artery disease to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality or nonfatal myocardial infarction. (1.2) 1.1 Hypertension Perindopril erbumine tablets are indicated for the treatment of patients with essential hypertension.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Safety and effectiveness of perindopril erbumine in pediatric patients have not been established.”
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “The mean blood pressure effect of perindopril was somewhat smaller in patients over 60 than in younger patients, although the difference was not significant.”
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Category D [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.4) ] .”
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Milk of lactating rats contained radioactivity following administration of 14 C-perindopril.”
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “The bioavailability of perindoprilat is increased in patients with impaired hepatic function [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .”
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “Dosage adjustment may be necessary in renally impaired patients [see Dosage and Administration (2.3) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .”
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S3, S6.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as tablet, given by the oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Perindopril appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 1043 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
acute kidney injury — 138 reaction mentions
renal failure acute — 134 reaction mentions
angioedema — 128 reaction mentions
fall — 125 reaction mentions
hyperkalaemia — 115 reaction mentions
hyponatraemia — 100 reaction mentions
hypotension — 91 reaction mentions
dehydration — 75 reaction mentions
drug interaction — 73 reaction mentions
renal failure — 64 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
11 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 11 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65977-0019 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as powder and tablet, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65977-0019 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor [epc] and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65977-0019 · read 2026-08-29
1 published label names it as an active ingredient. 1 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-29
Perindopril Erbumine is oral at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS 2 mg tablet is white to off-white colored round biconvex, uncoated tablets, with debossing “D” on one side and “5” & “7” on either side of the breakline on another side. 4 mg tablet is white…, recorded as fda label in effect 2024-03-13 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · read 2026-08-30
Recorded price in US: 0.41882–0.54402 USD per one unit as the pricing file counts it — a tablet, capsule, patch or single item, across 3 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Perindopril studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Perindopril are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
1964X464OJ
RxNorm concept
854925
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Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
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Suppression classes recorded: S3, S6.
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What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
6 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA020184, approved 19931230 to SYMPLMED PHARMS LLC.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
5 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
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The record as stored
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Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q2
What did Perindopril's largest trial (22213 people) and its longest (12 years) measure?
22213 people in Perindopril's largest registered study, 12 years in its longest registered window, measuring All-cause mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
16 phase4, 9 phase3, 8 phase2, 5 phase1, 3 na, 3 na or unstated; NCT02735707; 2028-02. Last human test completed 2024, NCT03295734.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Perindopril was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase4
16
phase3
9
phase2
8
phase1
5
na
3
na or unstated
3
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT03295734
2024-09-19
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Perindopril shown lifespan?
Perindopril's half-life is 0.8 to 1 hours — which schedules were studied?
0.8 to 1 hours, the half-life Perindopril's label states. openfda-label · 87768fbf-7c63-47da-8925-0316f343d6ef · 2026-08-30
bioavailability 75% %.
Show the evidence
half life
0.8 to 1 hours hours; The mean half-life of perindopril associated with most of its elimination is approximately 0.8 to 1 hours.
bioavailability
75% %; The absolute oral bioavailability of perindopril is about 75%.
metabolism
Metabolism and Elimination: Following oral administration perindopril exhibits multicompartment pharmacokinetics including a deep tissue compartment (ACE binding sites).
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of 24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, all cause hospitalization or all cause mortality and all cause mortality did Perindopril's trials measure?
24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, all cause hospitalization or all cause mortality and all cause mortality lead 36 outcome terms across Perindopril's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation interoperative hypotension, cerebral small vessel disease progressing, walking speed, ventricular enlargement, safety blood pressure and safety vital signs follow.
Show the evidence
bioequivalence determined by statistical comparison cmax
1
central arterial pressure
1
degree of peritoneal protein loss
1
interoperative hypotension
1
cerebral small vessel disease progressing
1
walking speed
1
14 more recorded rows
ventricular enlargement
1
safety blood pressure
1
safety vital signs
1
safety electrolytes
1
safety adverse events
1
cap value of fibroscan db/m
1
homeostasis model of assessment for insulin resistence index
1
ras peptide profiles
1
urine albumin creatinine day and night
1
24 hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
1
all cause mortality
1
days alive and not receiving organ support in icu
1
sbp and dbp response
1
gait speed from baseline
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Perindopril's 2 ongoing trials reports first?
All-cause mortality; On-study retention rate at 6 months; latest 2029-03-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02735707
"Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia"; n 20000; "All-cause mortality"; 2028-02
NCT07547878
"Rapid and Simultaneous Initiation of Four Guideline-Directed CKD Therapies (RAPID-CKD)"; n 64; "On-study retention rate at 6 months"; 2029-03-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Perindopril could settle lifespan?
NCT02735707 measures All-cause mortality, reading out 2028-02.
1 open trial; n 20000; "Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT02735707
"Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia"; n 20000; "All-cause mortality"; 2028-02
Q10
Which 23 trials of Perindopril posted no result?
Posted no result
23 of 23 completed trials
Registrations
NCT03921736, NCT00485368, NCT00202553, NCT01012687, NCT01013155 and NCT01295047, and 17 more
Completion dates
oldest 2005-11-17; newest 2021-08-02
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03921736
2005-11-17
NCT00485368
2006-09
NCT00202553
2006-12
NCT01012687
2007-05
NCT01013155
2007-05
NCT01295047
2008-12
14 further recorded trials
NCT01575652
2009-01
NCT00202592
2010-04
NCT00128518
2010-09
NCT02729441
2012-12
NCT01062451
2013-11-20
NCT02308202
2014-06-30
NCT00461903
2015-09
NCT03393715
2016-08
NCT01891513
2017-06
NCT04222686
2018-04-30
NCT02449811
2018-11
NCT05288400
2018-12-18
NCT04556058
2019-03-15
NCT04556110
2019-03-15
Q11
At the median, Perindopril's trials enrolled 62 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
62
Largest enrolment
22213
Registered trials counted
44
Q12
What do 1043 spontaneous reports say about Perindopril — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Perindopril appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 1043 reaction mentions were counted: acute kidney injury 138; renal failure acute 134; angioedema 128; fall 125. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1200343 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
acute kidney injury
138
renal failure acute
134
angioedema
128
fall
125
hyperkalaemia
115
hyponatraemia
100
4 more recorded rows
hypotension
91
dehydration
75
drug interaction
73
renal failure
64
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Perindopril studied with fasting and exercise?
fasting and exercise are named in Perindopril's label sentences: "Horses were fasted overnight prior to receiving one of 4 ACE inhibitors intragastrically, administered at one of 2 dosages, using a randomized Latin square design (benazepril: 0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg; ramipril: 0.3 and 0.1 mg/kg; quinapril: 0.25 and 0.125 mg/kg; perindopril: 0.1 and 0.05 mg/kg)." openfda-label+europepmc · 2013-08-19
2 recorded statements; fasting, exercise
Show the evidence
fasting
Horses were fasted overnight prior to receiving one of 4 ACE inhibitors intragastrically, administered at one of 2 dosages, using a randomized Latin square design (benazepril: 0.5 and 0.25 mg/kg; ramipril: 0.3 and 0.1 mg/kg; quinapril: 0.25 and 0.125 mg/kg; perindopril: 0.1 and 0.05 mg/kg).
exercise
In randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials conducted over 3 months and a large noncomparative study (up to 30 months), perindopril 4mg once daily significantly increased exercise tolerance and reduced symptoms of heart failure in patients with mild to moderate CHF.
recorded 2013-08-19 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
What is recorded about Perindopril and mTOR?
"The current work aimed at an evaluation of the potential effects of perindopril in a rat model of methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity and tried to precisely determine the molecular mechanisms that may represent the basis of these effects. <b>Methods:</b> In a model of methotrexate-elicited hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats, the effects…" — where Perindopril and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-03-27
"The current work aimed at an evaluation of the potential effects of perindopril in a rat model of methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity and tried to precisely determine the molecular mechanisms that may represent the basis of these effects. <b>Methods:</b> In a model of methotrexate-elicited hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats, the effects of different doses of perindopril were evaluated at the…"
AMPKPMID 40143135
"The current work aimed at an evaluation of the potential effects of perindopril in a rat model of methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity and tried to precisely determine the molecular mechanisms that may represent the basis of these effects. <b>Methods:</b> In a model of methotrexate-elicited hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats, the effects of different doses of perindopril were evaluated at the…"
autophagy
PMID 40143135
"The current work aimed at an evaluation of the potential effects of perindopril in a rat model of methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity and tried to precisely determine the molecular mechanisms that may represent the basis of these effects. <b>Methods:</b> In a model of methotrexate-elicited hepatotoxicity in male Wistar rats, the effects of different doses of perindopril were evaluated at the…"
PMID 42072624
"Inhibition of Angiotensin-converting enzyme during colitis (Perindopril: 3 mg/kg/day) prevented the increase in CAPN2, ROS production, autophagy, and t-tubular remodeling."
sirtuinPMID 35631426
"The present findings indicate that each ambrosin or perindopril alone or in combination is able to ameliorate oxidative stress and suppress the proinflammatory pathways in the colonic tissues of DSS-treated mice via mechanisms related to toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B signaling and modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma/sirtuin-1 levels."
autophagyPMID 35631426
"In addition, each ambrosin or perindopril alone or in combination inhibits apoptosis and augments the mediators of autophagy in DSS-treated mice."
sirtuin
PMID 34737150
"The present study was conducted to investigate the potential ability of perindopril (PER), an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI), to attenuate MTX-induced intestinal injury with emphasis on the role of the pro-inflammatory TLR4/NF-κB and c-Fos/c-Jun pathways alongside PPAR-γ and SIRT1 cytoprotective signals."
PMID 34737150
"Perindopril demonstrated notable mitigation of MTX-induced intestinal injury through suppression of TLR4/NF-κB and c-Fos/c-Jun pathways alongside the augmentation of PPAR-γ/SIRT1 cytoprotective signals."
recorded 2026-03-27 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 5 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 10 source rows
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