This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Ozone does in the body
After cleansing the skin
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 66H7ZZK23N · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No plain explanation of what this changes is stored. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 19 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 26 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer5 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Pain
visual analogue scale for pain; pain at 72 hours; pain severity; pain assessment; pain
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
5 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Change in the Number of Ultrafine particles (UFP)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07005193
How many people
1200
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
HBV DNA
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01887275
How many people
439
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Comparison of the effects of topical ozone therapy and placebo on the healing of diabetic foot ulcers.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05977309
How many people
430
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Frailty (health measure)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07678528
How many people
400
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
ICDAS Severity Value
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00495495
How many people
394
Study design
Phase 2/Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Postoperative pain assessed by visual analog scale after endodontic treatment with enlargement of the apical foramen, in necrotic teeth and periapical lesion, and used photobiomodulation and different irrigating solutions.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03704857
How many people
350
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.6 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.2 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Yeast, Mouse, Rat, Dog. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
visual analogue scale for pain
pain at 72 hours
pain severity
pain assessment
pain
boston carpal tunnel syndrome questionnaire
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
changes in heart rate variability
pulmonary inflammation
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (18)
acceleration in repair by healing of apical periodontite
nitric oxide bioavailability
pulmonary function
wound healing
apache
swelling at 7 days
trismus at 7 days
direct hospital cost
visual analogue scale
clinical attachment level
oxidative stress index
probing pocket depth
swelling
trismus
balance
visual analog scale
rated tennis elbow evaluation
numeric rating scale
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
After cleansing the skin.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as liquid, given by the oral, topical route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
3 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 1 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 43742-2095 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as liquid, taken oral and topical.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 43742-2095 · read 2026-08-29
3 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 1 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 48ba2445-1f8e-46d2-e063-6294a90a1625 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug.
US prescribing information · 48ba2445-1f8e-46d2-e063-6294a90a1625 · read 2026-08-29
7 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as other combinations.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q1
What did Ozone's largest trial (159 people) and its longest (15 years) measure?
159 people in Ozone's largest registered study, 15 years in its longest registered window, measuring Concentrations of M1 and M2 Macrophages in the Sputum 24 Hours After Exposure. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
43 na, 6 phase2, 5 phase3, 4 phase1, 2 phase4, 1 early phase1, 1 na or unstated; NCT00840528; 2017-06-20; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2025, NCT06802354.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Ozone was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
43
phase2
6
phase3
5
phase1
4
phase4
2
early phase1
1
2 more recorded rows
na or unstated
1
Last recorded human testNCT06802354
2025-12-15
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From yeast to human: where has Ozone shown lifespan?
"Very low recruitment. During COVID-19 pandemic these are patients of high risk."; 3 of 59 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03660657
terminated; "Very low recruitment. During COVID-19 pandemic these are patients of high risk."
NCT04109807
suspended; "Enrollment for this study was stopped due to Covid and will resume once it is determined acceptable to do inhalational challenges. rebuilding chambers after EPA was shut down."
2024; "Here, we examine whether epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) is associated with responsiveness to short-term ozone exposure."
PMID 38846065
2024; "In median regression analyses, accelerated epigenetic age modified associations between ozone and heart rate-corrected QT interval (QTc) ([Formula: see text]= 0.12, <i>P</i>-value = 0.007) and between ozone and C-reactive protein ([Formula: see text] = -0.18, <i>P</i> = 0.069)."
PMID 39096687
2024; "This study investigated the association of prenatal and early childhood exposure to air pollution with epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) at six years of age using the Environment and Development of Children Cohort (EDC Cohort) MATERIALS & METHODS: Air pollution, including particulate matter [< 2.5 µm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and < 10 µm (PM<sub>10</sub>) in an aerodynamic diameter], nitrogen dioxide…"
recorded 2024-08-02 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
More Ozone was worse in human: at what point?
Hormetic in human: "Critically, many trials report statistically significant differences that do not consistently exceed the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for pain and disability indices, and no trial has validated the proposed Nrf2-mediated mechanism in human tissue at clinically administered doses. <b>Conclusions:</b>…" Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2026-08-04
5 recorded sentences naming Ozone; hormetic, dose-response
Show the evidence
hormetic
PMID 42590167
"Critically, many trials report statistically significant differences that do not consistently exceed the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for pain and disability indices, and no trial has validated the proposed Nrf2-mediated mechanism in human tissue at clinically administered doses. <b>Conclusions:</b> Current evidence suggests that ozone therapy may exert biologically plausible…"
"Current evidence suggests that ozone therapy may exert biologically plausible effects through hormetic redox modulation and may provide symptomatic benefit in selected patients with degenerative musculoskeletal diseases."
PMID 42346828
"Ozone therapy has been proposed across multiple clinical conditions based on hormetic, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory effects, but its efficacy and safety remain controversial."
dose-response
PMID 42561574
"To meet this goal, (a) the relationship between ozone dose (Ct, min.mg/L) applied to these nonconventional waters and the associated reduction in the population (Δ log<sub>10</sub> (CFU/mL)) of Enterococcus faecium, a pathogen surrogate, was modeled, and (b) the lower bounds of the 95% confidence for these dose-response plots were calculated to determine the minimum ozone treatment required to…"
PMID 42561574
"Based on the ozone dose-response function representing the lower bounds of the 95%-confidence, 0.318-0.467 min.mg/L were the least ozone Ct values sufficient to exert 5-log reduction in E. faecium populations in neutral water at 4 °C, with or without added salt."
recorded 2026-08-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Ozone's effect on acceleration in repair by healing of apical periodontite?
Acceleration in repair by healing of apical periodontite: measured in Ozone's trials.
Interpretation acceleration in repair by healing of apical periodontite is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
acceleration in repair by healing of apical periodontite; 2026-09-01
nitric oxide bioavailability; 2026-09-01
pulmonary function; 2026-09-01
changes in heart rate variability; 2026-09-01
wound healing; 2026-09-01
pulmonary inflammation; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
apache; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
visual analogue scale for pain; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pain at 72 hours; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
swelling at 7 days; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
trismus at 7 days; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
direct hospital cost; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pain severity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pain assessment; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
visual analogue scale; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
clinical attachment level; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
oxidative stress index; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
probing pocket depth; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pain; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
swelling; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
17
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
0; NCT06513754; NA; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q7
Which of acceleration in repair by healing of apical periodontite, apache and balance did Ozone's trials measure?
acceleration in repair by healing of apical periodontite, apache and balance lead 26 outcome terms across Ozone's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
changes in heart rate variability, wound healing, pulmonary inflammation, apache, visual analogue scale for pain and pain at 72 hours follow.
Show the evidence
acceleration in repair by healing of apical periodontite
Sealants failure; Change from Baseline in "Average pain" according to the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) (at the end of ozone therapy); latest 2028-05
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT04040920
"Ozone Application Before Fissure Sealants"; n 67; "Sealants failure"; 2026-12-31
NCT04299893
"Ozone Therapy in Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy: RCT (O3NPIQ)"; n 42; "Change from Baseline in "Average pain" according to the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form (BPI-SF) (at the end of ozone therapy)"; 2027-12-31
NCT05773001
"Macrophage Regulation of Ozone-Induced Lung Inflammation"; n 100; "Change in the abundance of monocyte-derived alveolar macrophages"; 2028-05
NCT05794087
"The Role of Macrophage Activation in Lung Injury Following Ozone Exposure"; n 120; "Metabolic activity of inflammatory cells in induced sputum"; 2027-06-01
NCT06133712
"Dexmedetomidine, Ozone and Dexamethasone Local Injection in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome for Pain Relief"; n 135; "The analgesic efficacy and functional status improvement of Dexmedetomidine, Ozone and Dexamethasone regional injection in carpal tunnel syndrome"; 2025-12-01
NCT07427368
"Comparison of ESWT and Ultrasound-Guided Ozone Injection in Lateral Epicondylitis"; n 50; "Visual Analog Scale (VAS)"; 2026-03-03
1 further recorded trialNCT07678996
"Dose-Response Effect of Intra-Articular Ozone in Knee Osteoarthritis"; n 80; "Numerical Rating Scale at Third Month after the last ozone injection"; 2026-11-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 28 trials of Ozone posted no result?
Posted no result
28 of 28 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00946634, NCT01192477, NCT01874834, NCT02017782, NCT02448511 and NCT01981135, and 22 more
Completion dates
oldest 2011-03; newest 2024-06-03
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00946634
2011-03
NCT01192477
2012-08
NCT01874834
2013-01
NCT02017782
2013-07
NCT02448511
2014-07
NCT01981135
2015-01
14 further recorded trials
NCT02133586
2016-01
NCT03874390
2016-02
NCT02206750
2017-01
NCT00840528
2017-06-20
NCT06900907
2017-09-22
NCT03693066
2018-01
NCT03737201
2018-01-01
NCT03501225
2018-03-23
NCT02469428
2018-11-05
NCT03742466
2019-09-30
NCT03395119
2020-12-18
NCT05544539
2021-07-28
NCT06237634
2021-09-15
NCT05207384
2022-05-20
Q10
At the median, Ozone's trials enrolled 50 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
50
Largest enrolment
159
Registered trials counted
59
Q11
Was Ozone studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Ozone's label sentences: "Participants completed 30 min of standardized moderate to vigorous exercise in four conditions: ozone plus salbutamol; room air plus salbutamol; ozone plus placebo medication; and room air plus placebo medication." openfda-label+europepmc · 2024-11-01
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
Participants completed 30 min of standardized moderate to vigorous exercise in four conditions: ozone plus salbutamol; room air plus salbutamol; ozone plus placebo medication; and room air plus placebo medication.
recorded 2024-11-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
What is recorded about Ozone and mTOR?
"Meanwhile, we employed the selective AMPK inhibitor dorsomorphin to investigate how the ozone affects AMPK-mTOR pathway." — where Ozone and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-06-01
"In this study, we investigated the potential role of targeting mTOR signaling in the treatment of COPD induced by ozone exposure."
IGF-1
PMID 42279138
"This study evaluated the effects of two adjunctive ozone application protocols used with chelation on dentin-derived TGF-β1 and IGF-1 release, without directly assessing the in situ activation or functional bioactivity of TGF-β1. <b>Methods:</b> Sixty-four freshly extracted human mandibular premolars were randomly assigned to four groups (<i>n</i> = 16)."
PMID 42279138
"TGF-β1 values increased from day 1 to day 7 in Groups A and C, whereas no significant temporal change was observed in Group B. IGF-1 values showed no significant intergroup or intragroup differences. <b>Conclusions:</b> Adjunctive ozone application showed a protocol-dependent effect on dentin-derived growth factor values, mainly for TGF-β1, while IGF-1 remained unaffected."
AMPKPMID 39628480
"Furthermore, we investigated the mechanisms and found ozone could activate AMPK, upregulate Gas6 (but not Protein S), activate MerTK (a key receptor involved in apoptosis), and enhance the phagocytic function of BMDM towards apoptotic neutrophils."
sirtuinPMID 40960868
"<b>Introduction.</b> This study centres on how coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disrupts the intestinal microbiota and amplifies systemic inflammation and evaluates ozone water enemas as a strategy to restore gut microbial balance and activate the SIRT1 (silent information regulator of transcription 1)-Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2)/HO-1 (heme oxygenase-1) pathway for…"
autophagy
PMID 30568481
"The decreased level of autophagy in IL-1β-stimulated chondrocytes improved with ozone treatment through activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway."
PMID 30568481
"These results suggested that ozone improved the decreased level of autophagy in chondrocytes stimulated with IL-1β through activation of the AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway."
NAD+
PMID 33425964
"The cell viability, ATP levels and the NAD+ concentration were determined and compared between the different experimental groups and the control group. <b>Results:</b> Analyses of the data by non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis determined the metabolic disorder in SCNs following the ozone exposure."
PMID 33425964
"Moreover, our assessments showed that ozone exposure resulted in DNA damage, poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP1) excessive activation, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) depletion and decrease of ATP level in SCNs."
PMID 33425964
"Our findings revealed that the cytotoxic effects of ozone to SCNs might be mediated by excessive PARP1 activation and subsequent NAD+ depletion."
autophagyPMID 34194547
"The present study was designed to determine whether ozone-induced tolerance to myocardial OGD/R injury was mediated by inhibiting autophagy."
IGF-1PMID 28864782
"Western blotting assay demonstrated that ozone oil increased the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process in fibroblasts via up-regulating fibronectin, vimentin, N-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9, insulin-like growth factor binding protein (IGFBP)-3, IGFBP5, and IGFBP6, and decreasing epithelial protein E-cadherin and cellular senescence marker p16 expression."
recorded 2026-06-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
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