This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Oxytocin does in the body
Oxytocin has specific receptors in the myometrium and the receptor concentration increases greatly during pregnancy, reaching a maximum in early labor at term.
From the FDA-approved label: Uterine motility depends on the formation of the contractile protein actomyosin under the influence of the Ca 2+ -dependent phosphorylating enzyme myosin light-chain kinase. Oxytocin promotes contractions by increasing the intracellular Ca 2+ . The response to a given dose of oxytocin is very individualized and depends on the sensitivity of the uterus, which is determined by the oxytocin receptor concentration.
Why people take it. The medical rather than the elective induction of labor
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as protein.
FDA substance registry · 1JQS135EYN · read 2026-08-29
The supplement label database classes it as hormone, under the name Oxytocin.
A person wrote this explanation into the record, with the studies named in the path below.
The recorded use, written for a reader without medical training. Not signed off.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 107 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer3 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Mood
st segment depression on ecg; total on the hamilton anxiety scale; total on montgomery asberg depression rating; montgomery asberg depression rating scale
Pain
blood loss pain nausea
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
3 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Adverse neonatal outcome
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05560802
How many people
120000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The Primary Outcome is a Composite of the Following Three Clinical Outcomes: 1) Severe PPH Defined as Blood Loss ≥1000 ml or; 2) Postpartum Laparotomy for Bleeding or; 3) Postpartum Maternal Death From Bleeding. Please See Below for Further Details.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04341662
How many people
99659
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Incidence of PPH
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06684080
How many people
52000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Intrapartum cesarean section
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05791630
How many people
23650
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Episiotomies
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00070720
How many people
21780
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Rate of Cesarean delivery
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00647725
How many people
15000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.6 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
total in the positive and negative syndrome scale
blood loss pain nausea
total on the hamilton anxiety scale
satiety
total on montgomery asberg depression rating
montgomery asberg depression rating scale
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
arterial blood pressure
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (33)
placental retention rate
hematocrit
tnf alpha
vaginal delivery rates
blood loss
clinical global impressions scale improvement social
repetitive behavior scale revised
diagnostic analysis of nonverbal accuracy paralanguage test
social affiliation measured by social affiliative role play
st segment depression on ecg
feasibility
uterine tachysystole
measured as global response assessment at 6 and 24 hours
cesarean delivery
reduction in headache intensity
cardiac output
time from induction to delivery
amplitude of contraction
performance on emotion recognition tasks
speech threat and challenge
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
IMPORTANT NOTICE: Oxytocin Injection, USP (synthetic) is indicated for the medical rather than the elective induction of labor. Available data and information are inadequate to define the benefits to risks considerations in the use of the drug product for elective induction.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Category C There are no known indications for use of oxytocin in the first and second trimester of pregnancy other than in relation to spontaneous or induced abortion.”
US prescribing information · d16a48c5-6b71-40a0-bcda-204f043fe832 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk.”
US prescribing information · d16a48c5-6b71-40a0-bcda-204f043fe832 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Injection
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as injectable, solution, injection, liquid, given by the injection, nasal, intramuscular route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Injection
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
58 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 42 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 83014-0001 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, injection, solution, liquid, powder, solution/ drops and spray, taken intramuscular, intravenous and oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 83014-0001 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is increased uterine smooth muscle contraction or tone [pe], oxytocic [epc] and oxytocin [cs].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 83014-0001 · read 2026-08-29
26 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 10 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · a80e5e2d-4c53-4b18-b89b-a7790073b7ed · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · a80e5e2d-4c53-4b18-b89b-a7790073b7ed · read 2026-08-29
Oxytocin is intramuscular at HOW SUPPLIED Oxytocin Injection, USP (synthetic) is supplied as follows: NDC 0143-9743-25 Package of 25. 1 mL fill in a 2 mL vial, 10 USP Units per mL., recorded as fda label in effect 2018-12-14 in the United States.
US prescribing information · d16a48c5-6b71-40a0-bcda-204f043fe832 · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Oxytocin studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Oxytocin are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
1JQS135EYN
RxNorm concept
238013
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✓ Passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Written into the record, not signed off.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✗ Not passed
Safety mode resolved
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
9 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA018245, approved 19800417 to NOVARTIS.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q1
What did Oxytocin's largest trial (5798 people) and its longest (11 years) measure?
5798 people in Oxytocin's largest registered study, 11 years in its longest registered window, measuring Plasma concentrations of epelsiban or metabolite and the reduction of subendometrial contraction frequency in Cohorts 2 A, B and C, all during the periovulatory phase. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
182 na, 124 phase2, 60 phase4, 52 phase1, 45 phase3, 29 early phase1, 12 na or unstated; NCT01243658; 2022-04. Last human test completed 2026, NCT06259097.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Oxytocin was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
182
phase2
124
phase4
60
phase1
52
phase3
45
early phase1
29
2 more recorded rows
na or unstated
12
Last recorded human testNCT06259097
2026-08-10
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Oxytocin shown lifespan?
Plasma concentrations of epelsiban or metabolite and the reduction of subendometrial contraction frequency in Cohorts 2 A, B and C, all during the… — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
NHP
lifespan
mouse
healthspan
rat
mechanism-only
humanNCT02213029
biomarker; Plasma concentrations of epelsiban or metabolite and the reduction of subendometrial contraction frequency in Cohorts 2 A, B and C, all during the periovulatory phase.; 481
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
53 of Oxytocin's trials stopped: safety, accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?
safety (1), accrual/recruitment (16), funding/business (10) and other (26): Oxytocin's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Break in funding"; 53 of 481 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00506909
terminated; "Break in funding"
NCT00890630
terminated; "Inadequate Patient Recruitment."
NCT00989937
terminated; "Break in funding"
NCT01123317
withdrawn; "Never started"
NCT01190163
terminated; "Study was early terminated due to problems enrolling adequate number of patients"
NCT01211756
terminated; "Break in funding"
14 further recorded trials
NCT01252342
withdrawn; "Proposed doses were too large, bolus oxytocin may cause cases of arrythmias, and some even advocate slowing down the infusion rates that are currently used."
NCT01397630
terminated; "Due to budgetary concerns, the TSC decided it best to adjust sample size as there was sufficient data to assess feasibility. Recruitment was terminated early."
NCT01621737
terminated; "Break in funding"
NCT01912378
withdrawn; "unable to launch the study due to lack of participation with Autism Clinic"
NCT01938911
terminated; "PI moved away from Bern; lack of personnel in Bern to conduct the study within a reasonable time frame."
NCT01988649
withdrawn; "Duplicate Study"
NCT01996605
terminated; "Cessation of funding period prior to completion, due to slow recruitment during the pandemic"
NCT02007447
terminated; "Most of our patients had no willingness to participate in the survey"
NCT02090829
withdrawn; "Low recruitment"
NCT02091817
suspended; "We are currently engaged in other behavioral study."
NCT02121184
terminated; "The study was terminated due to low enrollment due to competing studies and the PI has now left Northwestern."
NCT02127073
terminated; "Could not identify collaborator and secure additional funding after transferring the record to Montefiore Medical Center"
NCT02144155
terminated; "Break in funding"
NCT02361177
withdrawn; "Drug not available"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of Oxytocin used Syntocinon 24 IU — over how long?
2024; "The outcome of this study revealed increased epigenetic age in oxytocin-exposed animals compared to the saline-exposed group."
recorded 2024-01-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
More Oxytocin was worse in human: at what point?
Hormetic in human: "The purpose of this article is to examine a previously unrecognized role for the vasopressin-oxytocin (VP-OT) system in mammalian "stress-response hormesis." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2026-03-30
5 recorded sentences naming Oxytocin; hormesis, Hormesis, biphasic, dose-response
Show the evidence
hormesisPMID 40864786
"The purpose of this article is to examine a previously unrecognized role for the vasopressin-oxytocin (VP-OT) system in mammalian "stress-response hormesis."
HormesisPMID 40864786
"Hormesis, a biphasic adaptive response to low-level stressors, is introduced here to contextualize the dynamic roles of oxytocin and vasopressin."
biphasicPMID 42029495
"However, for HPLF cells, hydrocortisone did not show RLE effects while oxytocin showed slight stimulation. <b>Conclusions</b>: When differences in proliferation due to cell seeding position were corrected, the biphasic dose response curve of most of the compounds significantly reduced."
dose-response
PMID 41005452
"A systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis assessing the effect of different oxytocin prophylaxis doses on preventing postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth."
PMID 41902958
"Estimated blood loss did not reliably correlate with hemoglobin decline, and no consistent dose-response benefit of higher oxytocin administration was observed."
recorded 2026-03-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Could one person measure Oxytocin's effect on placental retention rate?
Placental retention rate: measured in Oxytocin's trials.
Interpretation placental retention rate is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
placental retention rate; 2026-09-01
hematocrit; 2026-09-01
tnf alpha; 2026-09-01
vaginal delivery rates; 2026-09-01
blood loss; 2026-09-01
clinical global impressions scale improvement social; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
repetitive behavior scale revised; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
diagnostic analysis of nonverbal accuracy paralanguage test; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
total in the positive and negative syndrome scale; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
blood loss pain nausea; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
social affiliation measured by social affiliative role play; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
st segment depression on ecg; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
feasibility; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
uterine tachysystole; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
measured as global response assessment at 6 and 24 hours; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
cesarean delivery; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
reduction in headache intensity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
cardiac output; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
arterial blood pressure; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
time from induction to delivery; 2026-09-01
half life
2026-09-04; halfLife; 2026-05-06
human trials at or under30
132
smallest human trial
0; NCT01123317; NA; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q8
Which of amount of blood loss in third and fourth stages of labor, amplitude of contraction and arterial blood pressure did Oxytocin's trials measure?
amount of blood loss in third and fourth stages of labor, amplitude of contraction and arterial blood pressure lead 40 outcome terms across Oxytocin's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation vaginal delivery rates, blood loss, clinical global impressions scale improvement social, repetitive behavior scale revised, diagnostic analysis of nonverbal accuracy paralanguage test and total in the positive and negative syndrome scale follow.
Show the evidence
placental retention rate
1
hematocrit
1
tnf alpha
1
vaginal delivery rates
1
blood loss
1
clinical global impressions scale improvement social
1
14 more recorded rows
repetitive behavior scale revised
1
diagnostic analysis of nonverbal accuracy paralanguage test
1
total in the positive and negative syndrome scale
1
blood loss pain nausea
1
social affiliation measured by social affiliative role play
1
st segment depression on ecg
1
feasibility
1
uterine tachysystole
1
measured as global response assessment at 6 and 24 hours
1
cesarean delivery
1
reduction in headache intensity
1
cardiac output
1
arterial blood pressure
1
time from induction to delivery
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which of Oxytocin's 28 ongoing trials reports first?
Use of oxytocin will change pressure required to keep open airway during auto-CPAP use; Cesarean delivery rate; latest 2028-12-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03860233
"Benefits of Oxytocin in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) Patients Using Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Machine"; n 40; "Use of oxytocin will change pressure required to keep open airway during auto-CPAP use"; 2026-12-31
NCT04949633
"Oxytocin vs Prostaglandins for Labor Induction of Women With an Unfavorable Cervix After 24h of Cervical Ripening"; n 1494; "Cesarean delivery rate"; 2027-11
NCT05290129
"Oxytocin Maintenance Infusion in Labouring Women Undergoing Cesarean Delivery: an Up-down Sequential Allocation Study"; n 40; "Uterine tone up to discharge from the post anesthetic care unit (PACU): questionnaire"; 2026-12
NCT06010368
"Comparing Intramyometrial Tranexamic Acid and Oxytocin for Blood Loss in Cesarean Section"; n 150; "Blood loss"; 2026-01-01
NCT06181396
"Time of Oxytocin Initiation at 2nd Stage of Labor and Adverse Outcomes"; n 120; "Mode of delivery"; 2026-10
NCT06194851
"Examining Intranasal Oxytocin Augmentation of Brief Couples Therapy for Veterans With PTSD"; n 240; "PTSD diagnosis and severity change"; 2028-09-30
14 further recorded trials
NCT06222749
"Oxytocin and Reward Processing in Women"; n 100; "Oxytocin and sex hormone level induced changes in reward-related brain responses in the reward circuitry during effort-based decision making."; 2026-12-31
NCT06285396
"Effect of Ephedrine, Phenylepinephrine, and Norepinephrine on Myometrial Contractility in Pregnant People With Type II and Gestational Diabetes During Cesarean Section: An In-vitro Study"; n 96; "Motility index"; 2026-12
NCT06285409
"Comparing the Dose-response Profiles of Uterotonics After Initial Carbetocin Administration - an Ex-vivo Study in Desensitized Human Myometrium"; n 32; "Motility index"; 2026-12
NCT06333340
"Comparative Efficacy of Carbetocin and Oxytocin in Parturients at Risk of Atonic Postpartum Hemorrhage Undergoing Elective Cesarean Delivery"; n 160; "Proportion of parturients requiring additional uterotonic agents intraoperatively"; 2026-12
NCT06334172
"The Role of Oxytocin in Regulating Blood Glucose"; n 20; "Insulin secretion - c-peptide"; 2026-12-31
NCT06364228
"Intranasal Oxytocin Intervention for Caregivers to Persons With Dementia"; n 32; "Chronic Stress Level in the Past Thirty Days"; 2027-06
NCT06483659
"Intravenous Oxytocin for Post Operative Pain After Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy"; n 152; "Post-operative pain"; 2028-06-30
NCT06757517
"Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin in the Treatment of Benzodiazepine Withdrawal: A Pilot RCT"; n 60; "Benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms"; 2025-12-31
NCT06808516
"Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Sexual Well-Being in Patients With Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency and Healthy Controls"; n 42; "Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) (Part A)"; 2026-12
NCT06930391
"Effect of Extracellular Calcium on Carbetocin Mediated Contractility in Human Myometrium"; n 40; "Motility index"; 2026-06
NCT07006896
"Induction of Labor After Cesarean Using Foley Alone vs. Concurrent Foley and Oxytocin"; n 100; "Time to delivery"; 2027-05-01
NCT07093060
"The Effect of Oral Oxytocin and Atosiban on Social Attention"; n 250; "Fixation duration"; 2025-11-30
NCT07119398
"Oxytocin/Foley vs. Oxytocin for Induction in Patients With PPROM"; n 80; "Vaginal Delivery within 12 Hours"; 2026-12-30
NCT07188207
"Rectal Misoprostol for Reducing Blood Loss in Elective Cesarean Section"; n 282; "Intraoperative and postoperative blood loss"; 2026-12-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Which 198 trials of Oxytocin posted no result?
Posted no result
198 of 198 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00473707, NCT00481533, NCT00200252, NCT00393731, NCT00116350 and NCT01373359, and 192 more
Completion dates
oldest 2006-07; newest 2024-06-30
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00473707
2006-07
NCT00481533
2007-01
NCT00200252
2007-07
NCT00393731
2007-08
NCT00116350
2008-01
NCT01373359
2008-01
14 further recorded trials
NCT01530230
2008-04
NCT00777166
2008-07
NCT01065610
2008-10
NCT03228901
2009-07
NCT01038570
2009-09
NCT00540748
2009-12
NCT00776360
2009-12
NCT01216605
2010-01
NCT01094028
2010-03
NCT01002300
2010-11
NCT01677364
2010-12
NCT01726478
2011-04
NCT01432470
2011-06
NCT01226017
2011-11
Q11
At the median, Oxytocin's trials enrolled 65 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
65
Largest enrolment
5798
Registered trials counted
478
Q12
Was Oxytocin studied with fasting and exercise?
fasting and exercise are named in Oxytocin's label sentences: "Fasting blood was drawn immediately prior and at 15, 30, and 55 min after oxytocin/placebo administration for proteomic analysis (SOMA Scan, Soma Logic, Inc.)." openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-03-10
2 recorded statements; fasting, exercise
Show the evidence
fasting
Fasting blood was drawn immediately prior and at 15, 30, and 55 min after oxytocin/placebo administration for proteomic analysis (SOMA Scan, Soma Logic, Inc.).
exercise
During each estrous cycle, mares were randomized into one of six treatment groups, including stall rest (SR), oxytocin, cloprostenol, exercise, electroacupuncture, and oxytocin and exercise.
recorded 2026-03-10 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
What is recorded about Oxytocin and AMPK?
"Oxytocin protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy by preserving mitochondrial integrity and inhibiting oxidative stress- and cGAS-STING-NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for preventing maladaptive cardiac remodeling." — where Oxytocin and AMPK appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-08-26
"Oxytocin protects against pathological cardiac hypertrophy by preserving mitochondrial integrity and inhibiting oxidative stress- and cGAS-STING-NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis via the AMPK/PGC-1α/TFAM pathway, highlighting its potential as a therapeutic strategy for preventing maladaptive cardiac remodeling."
sirtuin
PMID 42038114
"Through a thorough analysis of existing research, the review delves into the molecular mechanisms through which oxytocin influences SIRT1 activation and expression, fine-tuning cellular functions through downstream signaling cascades."
PMID 42038114
"The impact of oxytocin-induced SIRT1 activation on various aspects of health is central to the discussion."
PMID 42038114
"Potential therapeutic applications of targeting the oxytocin-SIRT1 axis are also explored, emphasizing its promise in treating diverse health conditions."
AMPK
PMID 41968826
"These targets occupy a central position in the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network, suggesting they play a hub role in mediating the formula's therapeutic effects.The results of enrichment analysis showed that these components may antagonize chloasma through the oxytocin signaling pathway, the AMPK signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and the Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)…"
PMID 41968826
"This study found that Yurong Fang may resist the formation of chloasma through the oxytocin signaling pathway, the AMPK signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, and the TLR signaling pathway."
autophagy
"Western blot analysis detected oxytocin's modulation of PIK3CA expression and autophagy pathway factors, including ULK1, p62, LC3-Ⅰ, and LC3-Ⅱ, leading us to propose a mechanism involving the PIK3CA/ULK1/autophagy axis."
"The findings indicate that oxytocin effectively inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and migration, promotes apoptosis, and reduces tumor growth, potentially through regulation of the PIK3CA/ULK1/autophagy pathway."
IGF-1PMID 42645661
"Emerging hormonal therapies, including glucocorticoids, DHEA, allopregnanolone, estrogen, testosterone, oxytocin, vasopressin antagonists, and IGF-1 modulation, may further complement conventional PTSD treatment strategies."
mTOR
PMID 40449388
"Potential therapeutical strategies under investigation include digital therapies, non-invasive brain stimulation, antioxidants, oxytocin, AVPR1a antagonists, PPAR agonists, and mTOR inhibitors."
PMID 37424961
"Depending on where vitamin D receptors (VDRs) are expressed, vitamin D may also regulate certain neuronal circuits through the endocannabinoid signaling, mTOR pathway and oxytocin signaling."
recorded 2026-08-26 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
Oxytocin Acetate, Oxytocin 10 USP Units in Dextrose 5%, Oxytocin 5 USP Units in Dextrose 5%, Oxytocin 20 USP Units in Dextrose 5%, Pitocin / Syntocinon / Oxytocin 10 USP Units in Dextrose 5% / Oxytocin 5 USP Units in Dextrose 5% / Oxytocin 20 USP Units in Dextrose 5%
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 11 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
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