The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 45 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Strength
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Endurance
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Mood
time to 1mm st depression
Strength
maximal handgrip strength
Endurance
time to exhaustion
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Death or non-fatal myocardial infarction
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01411865
How many people
933789
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Composite of Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03264352
How many people
11414
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07349875
How many people
3826
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Participants With First Occurrence of Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) Through Week 12
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02145468
How many people
3503
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The composite endpoint was ischemic events or heart failure-related clinical events
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07110415
How many people
2708
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Rate of post-ERCP Pancreatitis
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04425993
How many people
2700
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.4 registered measures of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.4 registered measures of this kind.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.2 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
quality of life
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
endothelial function measured by flow mediated dilation
time trial exercise performance
plasma nitrite levels
maximal handgrip strength
time to exhaustion
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
functional capacity distance walked in 6 minutes
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (33)
circulating angiogenic cells
troponin t release over the perioperative 72 hour period
muscle protein fractional synthetic rate
time of exercise on treadmill test
oxygen consumption
vasodilator capacity
arterial stiffness
time to 1mm st depression
skeletal muscle blood flow
exhaled no before and after treatment
time to perform trial
muscle tissue oxygenation
neuromuscular evaluations
evaluation of post ischemic vascular reactivity
salivary flow
visual analogic scale for tooth sensibility
cardiac energetic status
total work performed during a maximal effort exercise test
peak oxygen uptake during a maximal effort exercise test
maximal knee extension velocity
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
No description of who was studied is recorded.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No form or route is recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing is recorded about product quality.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Nitric Acid appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 9 most-reported reaction terms, 16 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (9)
hypokinesia — 3 reaction mentions
areflexia — 2 reaction mentions
coronary artery dissection — 2 reaction mentions
left ventricular dysfunction — 2 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
The exact form studied is not recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
201 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 32 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 79481-0008 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as crystal, gel, gel, dentifrice, granule, liquid and ointment, taken dental, oral, subgingival and sublingual.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 79481-0008 · read 2026-08-29
165 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 11 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · a2f9d58b-671b-4427-a971-1fceff5f2323 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · a2f9d58b-671b-4427-a971-1fceff5f2323 · read 2026-08-29
680 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as other combinations and other.
Those labels carry all other and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
Watching one thing carefully can tell you whether it moved. It cannot tell you what moved it.
This is sold without a prescription, so a person can sensibly watch one thing and see whether it moves.
Pick one goal. One goal only. Two at once cannot be told apart afterwards.
Pick one thing to watch. Registered studies measured things like: endothelial function measured by flow mediated dilation; time trial exercise performance; plasma nitrite levels.
Measure before you start. Take the same measurement several times first. One reading is not a starting point.
Know the swing. Write down how much it moves on its own across a normal week.
Change one thing. Change nothing else at the same time, including training and sleep.
Give it the study length. No finished study window is recorded, so no length is suggested here.
Track whether you took it. Missed days are the most common reason a home test shows nothing.
Read the trend. Look at the line across weeks. A single reading tells you almost nothing.
What not to measure
Anything that swings more day to day than the change you are looking for.
A wearable estimate of sleep stages, which is an estimate and not a measurement.
Weight on one morning, which mostly records water.
A feeling you did not write down before starting, such as: quality of life.
When to stop
Stop if something new and unpleasant starts, and ask a pharmacist or doctor.
Stop if you cannot keep everything else steady, because the result will not mean anything.
Stop at the end of the window you set, and read the trend then.
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki does not work out an amount for anyone.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How much did people take in the studies?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. A result belongs to an amount. Without the amount the result floats free.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Nitric Acid are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
T93E9Y2844
CAS registry number
14797-55-8
PubChem compound
943
ChEBI
51084
RxNorm concept
1546271
DrugBank
DB14049
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✓ Passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Quoted from a stored source.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✓ Passed
Safety mode resolved
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
The earliest marketing start date recorded for a listed product is 19370101.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 79481-0008 · read 2026-08-29
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What to learn next
Ordered by what would most change how you read this page, starting with what is easiest to misunderstand.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q1
What did Nitric Acid's largest trial (640 people) and its longest (6 years) measure?
640 people in Nitric Acid's largest registered study, 6 years in its longest registered window, measuring The effect of beetroot juice consumption on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentration. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
27 na, 13 phase2, 6 phase1, 3 phase4, 1 phase3; NCT02840799; 2022-08. Last human test completed 2026, NCT06967818.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Nitric Acid was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
27
phase2
13
phase1
6
phase4
3
phase3
1
Last recorded human testNCT06967818
2026-01-10
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Nitric Acid shown lifespan?
Interpretation The effect of beetroot juice consumption on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentration — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
mouse
lifespan
rat
lifespan
humanNCT05004935
biomarker; The effect of beetroot juice consumption on plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentration; 48
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
Did Nitric Acid move Horvath, and by how much?
Horvath: "We assessed the relationship of major PM<sub>2.5</sub> component species (ammonium, elemental carbon, organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate) with Horvath and Hannum DNA methylation (DNAm) age, two DNA methylation-based predictors of chronological age." Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2017-03-09
1 recorded sentence; 2017; biomarker
Show the evidence
HorvathPMID 28284819
2017; "We assessed the relationship of major PM<sub>2.5</sub> component species (ammonium, elemental carbon, organic carbon, nitrate, and sulfate) with Horvath and Hannum DNA methylation (DNAm) age, two DNA methylation-based predictors of chronological age."
recorded 2017-03-09 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
More Nitric Acid was worse in human: at what point?
U-shaped in human: "(RCS) Analyses revealed an inverted U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship between nitrate exposure and both HOMA-IR and insulin resistance." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2026-02-23
"(RCS) Analyses revealed an inverted U-shaped nonlinear dose-response relationship between nitrate exposure and both HOMA-IR and insulin resistance."
HormeticPMID 40726758
"Hormetic zones for sodium nitrate in female rats were 10-230 mg/L for ALT, 20-180 mg/L for AST, and 8-270 mg/L for ALP."
hormeticPMID 38133411
"However, <i>U. isabellina</i> and <i>S. polyspora</i> demonstrated the absence of hormetic response under the treatment of REEs' nitrate salt."
dose-responsePMID 40726758
"Sodium nitrate exhibited a J-shaped dose-response relationship with liver function tests (LFTs) in both female and male rats."
biphasic
PMID 38334446
"Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is one of the best tools to investigate the behavior of concentrated nitric acid in aqueous solution with various forms together with pure nitric acid to identify a suitable model of nitric acid for use in simulations of biphasic systems for interfacial mass transfer."
PMID 38334446
"The mixed form of nitric acid comprising both forms of acid is the best representation for nitric acid to be considered for MD simulations of biphasic systems."
recorded 2026-02-23 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Could one person measure Nitric Acid's effect on circulating angiogenic cells?
Circulating angiogenic cells: measured in Nitric Acid's trials.
Interpretation circulating angiogenic cells is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
circulating angiogenic cells; 2026-09-01
troponin t release over the perioperative 72 hour period; 2026-09-01
muscle protein fractional synthetic rate; 2026-09-01
endothelial function measured by flow mediated dilation; 2026-09-01
time of exercise on treadmill test; 2026-09-01
oxygen consumption; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
vasodilator capacity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
arterial stiffness; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
functional capacity distance walked in 6 minutes; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
time to 1mm st depression; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
time trial exercise performance; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
skeletal muscle blood flow; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
plasma nitrite levels; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
exhaled no before and after treatment; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
maximal handgrip strength; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
time to perform trial; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
muscle tissue oxygenation; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
neuromuscular evaluations; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
evaluation of post ischemic vascular reactivity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
salivary flow; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
27
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
5; NCT02434627; PHASE1; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; COMPLETED
Q6
Which of arterial stiffness, cardiac energetic status and circulating angiogenic cells did Nitric Acid's trials measure?
arterial stiffness, cardiac energetic status and circulating angiogenic cells lead 40 outcome terms across Nitric Acid's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
endothelial function measured by flow mediated dilation, time of exercise on treadmill test, oxygen consumption, vasodilator capacity, arterial stiffness and functional capacity distance walked in 6 minutes follow.
Show the evidence
circulating angiogenic cells
1
troponin t release over the perioperative 72 hour period
1
muscle protein fractional synthetic rate
1
endothelial function measured by flow mediated dilation
1
time of exercise on treadmill test
1
oxygen consumption
1
14 more recorded rows
vasodilator capacity
1
arterial stiffness
1
functional capacity distance walked in 6 minutes
1
time to 1mm st depression
1
time trial exercise performance
1
skeletal muscle blood flow
1
plasma nitrite levels
1
exhaled no before and after treatment
1
maximal handgrip strength
1
time to perform trial
1
muscle tissue oxygenation
1
neuromuscular evaluations
1
evaluation of post ischemic vascular reactivity
1
salivary flow
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of Nitric Acid's 5 ongoing trials reports first?
"Matching Perfusion and Metabolic Activity in HFpEF"; n 53; "Submaximal Exercise Endurance"; 2027-05-01
NCT05562167
"The Inorganic Nitrate and eXercise Performance in Heart Failure (iNIX-HF)"; n 75; "VO2 Peak Testing"; 2027-07-31
NCT06896565
"Effect of Nano Hydroxy Apatite Varnish and Potassium Nitrate Gel on the MIH-affected Permanent Teeth"; n 48; "Dentin Hypersensitivity"; 2026-08-01
NCT07016074
"Inorganic Nitrate (NaNO3) Prevention of Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury"; n 100; "Percent of participants receiving the first dose of blinded study drug within 1-8 hours prior to contrast exposure"; 2026-11
NCT07056855
"Three Different Topically Applied Materials as Non-invasive Treatment of Sensitivity in Permanent Teeth With Molar Incisor Hypomineralization"; n 48; "Dentin Hypersensitivity"; 2025-07-20
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which 25 trials of Nitric Acid posted no result?
Posted no result
25 of 25 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00250185, NCT01262521, NCT01348971, NCT01729234, NCT01473576 and NCT01769079, and 19 more
Completion dates
oldest 2007-06-09; newest 2024-08-23
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00250185
2007-06-09
NCT01262521
2012-12
NCT01348971
2013-02
NCT01729234
2013-05
NCT01473576
2013-12
NCT01769079
2013-12
14 further recorded trials
NCT02147639
2014-05
NCT02078921
2014-12
NCT02847975
2014-12
NCT02115893
2015-03
NCT02271633
2016-03
NCT01961427
2016-11
NCT02434627
2018-04
NCT02454049
2018-12
NCT02916615
2019-01-30
NCT04755400
2020-03-15
NCT03545009
2020-08-30
NCT04700241
2021-05-05
NCT02850367
2021-09
NCT05143879
2021-10-01
Q9
At the median, Nitric Acid's trials enrolled 30 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
30
Largest enrolment
640
Registered trials counted
48
Q10
What do 16 spontaneous reports say about Nitric Acid — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Nitric Acid appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 9 most-reported reaction terms, 16 reaction mentions were counted: hypokinesia 3; areflexia 2; coronary artery dissection 2; left ventricular dysfunction 2. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1352 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
hypokinesia
3
areflexia
2
coronary artery dissection
2
left ventricular dysfunction
2
miosis
2
ventricular hypokinesia
2
3 more recorded rows
cardiac failure high output
1
electrocardiogram q wave abnormal
1
hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia
1
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q11
Was Nitric Acid studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Nitric Acid's label sentences: "To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to involve terms such as healthy adults, BRJ or beetroot-derived nitrate supplementation, an incremental or graded aerobic exercise test, a placebo comparator, and reporting of VO₂max or VO₂peak." openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-07-14
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to involve terms such as healthy adults, BRJ or beetroot-derived nitrate supplementation, an incremental or graded aerobic exercise test, a placebo comparator, and reporting of VO₂max or VO₂peak.
recorded 2026-07-14 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
What is recorded about Nitric Acid and autophagy?
"These protective effects were reversed by the autophagy inhibitor, 3-MA, indicating that autophagy mediated the protective effects of nitrate on diabetic flaps." — where Nitric Acid and autophagy appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-07-01
"These protective effects were reversed by the autophagy inhibitor, 3-MA, indicating that autophagy mediated the protective effects of nitrate on diabetic flaps."
AMPKPMID 40130881
"RNA-seq analysis revealed that nitrate activated the Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway in diabetic skin flaps."
NAD+
PMID 42281275
"Nicotinamide, a NAD precursor, also restored the oxalate content, suggesting that NAD/NADH may play a mediatory role in oxalate regulation through both nitrate and nitrite reduction."
PMID 42046343
"In this study the mechanistic role of a high-nitrate diet (NaD) in driving gastritis was elucidated with a focus on modulation of the gastric microbiota composition and metabolomic profiles."
mTORPMID 38579899
"Sialin mediates nitrate ion efflux and is negatively regulated by autophagy via mTOR pathway."
autophagyPMID 38579899
"Sialin mediates nitrate ion efflux and is negatively regulated by autophagy via mTOR pathway."
AMPK
PMID 35398714
"While the mechanisms remain poorly defined, the beneficial effects of nitrate appear to be partially dependent on AMPK-mediated signaling events, a central regulator of metabolism and mitochondrial bioenergetics."
PMID 35398714
"Since AMPK can activate SIRT1, we aimed to determine if nitrate supplementation (4 mM sodium nitrate via drinking water) improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics and acetylation status in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD: 60% fat)."
sirtuin
PMID 35398714
"Since AMPK can activate SIRT1, we aimed to determine if nitrate supplementation (4 mM sodium nitrate via drinking water) improved skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics and acetylation status in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD: 60% fat)."
PMID 36622081
"Although RSV is known to activate Sirt1 and initiate mitochondrial biogenesis, the metabolic benefits elicited by dietary nitrate appear to be dependent on 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mediated signaling events, a process also linked to the activation of Sirt1."
autophagyPMID 41373850
"Key molecular pathways include nitric oxide synthesis via the classical nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-dependent and microbiota-mediated nitrate-nitrite routes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) regulation, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling, lysosomal function, autophagy and the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex."
recorded 2026-07-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 10 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
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✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
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