This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Nicotinamide does in the body
Used to whiten or lighten skin pigmentation.
With thiamine deficiencies so prevalent in a healthy populace, it is self-evident that the unwell person is particularly prone to thiamine avitaminosis.
Why people take it. Used to whiten or lighten skin pigmentation.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 25X51I8RD4 · read 2026-08-29
The supplement label database classes it as vitamin, under the name Niacin (Vitamin B3).
The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 47 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Focus
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Energy
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Mood
anxiety
Focus
alzheimer s disease assessment scale cognitive subscale
Energy
fatigue severity scale
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
1 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Infant Mortality Through 6 mo of Age
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00860470
How many people
44567
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Major Vascular Event
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00461630
How many people
25673
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Anemia status
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03287882
How many people
25447
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Perinatal mortality, i.e., the number of stillbirths (fetal deaths of 28 weeks or more of gestation) and the number of deaths within the first 0-6 days of life per 1000 births (live births and stillbirths)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00133744
How many people
18962
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Fetal loss, low birth weight and pre-term birth.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00197548
How many people
8468
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Composite of CV Death, Nonfatal MI (Including Silent MI), Nonfatal Stroke, Coronary Revascularization, or Unstable Angina Determined to be Caused by Myocardial Ischemia by Invasive / Non-invasive Testing and Requiring Emergent Hospitalization.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01492361
How many people
8179
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 2 written-up studies measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.2 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.6 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Yeast, C. elegans (roundworm), Drosophila (fruit fly), Mouse, Dog. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (32)
global hed retention index
brief psychiatric rating scale
global clinical assessment
alzheimer s disease assessment scale cognitive subscale
pigmentation
sirtuin deacetylase activity
adverse events
fgf23
frequency of correct predictions
ultrasensitive rna viral load
cell associated hiv rna
episomal dna
specific hiv antibodies
cd38 and hla dr on cd4 and cd8+ cells
pbmc for env sequence evolution
vital signs pulse
columbia suicide severity rating scale
ecg abnormalities
height for age z at 18 months
feasibility
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Deep Dermal Hydration: Restores skin elasticity to reduce new marks. Collagen Support: Boosts fibroblast activity to repair stretch-related skin trauma. Skin Soothing: Calms redness and irritation on stretched or damaged skin. Pigment Softening: Helps fade the color of both red and white stretch marks. Barrier Repair: Strengthens skin and supports stretch mark recovery.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Given by a clinician
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Intravenous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as injectable, for solution, suspension, solution, given by the intravenous, injection, oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Nicotinamide appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 23096 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Intravenous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
210 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 27 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 73590-0049 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as capsule, capsule, gelatin coated, capsule, liquid filled, concentrate, cream and emulsion, taken cutaneous, extracorporeal, intravenous and oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 73590-0049 · read 2026-08-29
196 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 20 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · b8e08798-d8bb-4616-996b-a2c07a5d730a · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · b8e08798-d8bb-4616-996b-a2c07a5d730a · read 2026-08-29
12431 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as other combinations and vitamin.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (15)
Q1
What did Nicotinamide's largest trial (1884 people) and its longest (9.9 years) measure?
1884 people in Nicotinamide's largest registered study, 9.9 years in its longest registered window, measuring Circulating Plasma Levels of Metabolites. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
26 phase2, 16 na, 12 phase1, 9 phase3, 5 early phase1, 3 phase4, 2 na or unstated; NCT00116207; 2009-12. Last human test completed 2026, NCT07477275.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Nicotinamide was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase2
26
na
16
phase1
12
phase3
9
early phase1
5
phase4
3
2 more recorded rows
na or unstated
2
Last recorded human testNCT07477275
2026-04-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From yeast to human: where has Nicotinamide shown lifespan?
terminated; "Recruiting and financial constraints"
NCT03761511
withdrawn; "Due to a temporary halt the recruitment start was delayed. A re-evaluation of the sponsor revealed, that the study is no longer feasible due to increased administrative and financial requirements."
NCT03808961
terminated; "Not enough recruitment"
NCT07517445
suspended; "A temporary precautionary pause in enrolment into all arms of the trial was implemented on 21 July 2026, due to emerging hepatic safety signal. A protocol amendment is currently underway."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of Nicotinamide used nicotinamide (750 mg twice daily) — over how long?
6 recorded entries; human; tablet; also "Nicotinamide 500 mg", "Nicotinamide 1000 mg", "Placebo (for Nicotinamide 750mg tablet)"
Show the evidence
human
NCT00116207
nicotinamide (750 mg twice daily)
NCT02213094
Nicotinamide 500 mg
NCT02213094
Nicotinamide 1000 mg
NCT03136705
tablet; Placebo (for Nicotinamide 750mg tablet)
NCT07062120
Nicotinamide(NAM)(10%)
NCT07655791
Nicotinamide 1000 mg (Niacinamide)
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Did Nicotinamide move epigenetic age, and by how much?
epigenetic age: "These posttreatment controllers all received nicotinamide containing regimens and exhibited immune cellular epigenetic age reversal." Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2025-11-01
1 recorded sentence; 2025; biomarker
Show the evidence
epigenetic agePMID 40810569
2025; "These posttreatment controllers all received nicotinamide containing regimens and exhibited immune cellular epigenetic age reversal."
recorded 2025-11-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
More Nicotinamide was worse in human: at what point?
Hormetic in human: "These indicators, total protein (TP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and luminescence-related chemicals flavin mononucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), were measured to explore the mechanism of hormesis." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2023-03-20
1 recorded sentence naming Nicotinamide; hormesis
Show the evidence
hormesisPMID 36948009
"These indicators, total protein (TP), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and luminescence-related chemicals flavin mononucleotide (FMN), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), were measured to explore the mechanism of hormesis."
recorded 2023-03-20 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Could one person measure Nicotinamide's effect on global hed retention index?
Global hed retention index: measured in Nicotinamide's trials.
Interpretation global hed retention index is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
global hed retention index; 2026-09-01
brief psychiatric rating scale; 2026-09-01
global clinical assessment; 2026-09-01
anxiety; 2026-09-01
alzheimer s disease assessment scale cognitive subscale; 2026-09-01
serum phosphate; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
fatigue severity scale; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pigmentation; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
sirtuin deacetylase activity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
adverse events; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
fgf23; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
frequency of correct predictions; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
ultrasensitive rna viral load; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
cell associated hiv rna; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
episomal dna; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
specific hiv antibodies; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
cd38 and hla dr on cd4 and cd8+ cells; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pbmc for env sequence evolution; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
vital signs pulse; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
columbia suicide severity rating scale; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
22
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
0; NCT03761511; PHASE2; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q8
Which of adiponectin mesurement, adverse events and alzheimer s disease assessment scale cognitive subscale did Nicotinamide's trials measure?
adiponectin mesurement, adverse events and alzheimer s disease assessment scale cognitive subscale lead 40 outcome terms across Nicotinamide's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation anxiety, alzheimer s disease assessment scale cognitive subscale, serum phosphate, fatigue severity scale, pigmentation and sirtuin deacetylase activity follow.
Show the evidence
global hed retention index
1
brief psychiatric rating scale
1
global clinical assessment
1
anxiety
1
alzheimer s disease assessment scale cognitive subscale
1
serum phosphate
1
14 more recorded rows
fatigue severity scale
1
pigmentation
1
sirtuin deacetylase activity
1
adverse events
1
fgf23
1
frequency of correct predictions
1
ultrasensitive rna viral load
1
cell associated hiv rna
1
episomal dna
1
specific hiv antibodies
1
cd38 and hla dr on cd4 and cd8+ cells
1
pbmc for env sequence evolution
1
vital signs pulse
1
columbia suicide severity rating scale
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which of Nicotinamide's 20 ongoing trials reports first?
Blood Hemoglobin; Troponin T AUC; latest 2029-01-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT04055818
"A Study of Nicotinamide With Oral Tetrahydrouridine and Decitabine to Treat High Risk Sickle Cell Disease"; n 20; "Blood Hemoglobin"; 2027-04-30
NCT04750616
"NAD+ Augmentation in Cardiac Surgery Associated Myocardial Injury Trial"; n 304; "Troponin T AUC"; 2025-06-30
NCT04844528
"Effects of Nicotinamide in Patients With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia With History of Non-melanoma Skin Cancers"; n 86; "Proportion of CLL patients who develop a new NMSC after 1 year of nicotinamide therapy."; 2028-08
NCT05119166
"International Milk Composition (IMiC) Consortium"; n 1000; "Create an international consortium of 4 birth cohorts in Tanzania, Pakistan, Burkina Faso and Canada (Field Site Partners), human milk scientists (Laboratory Partners), and data scientists and biostatisticians (Data Science Partners)."; 2026-10-30
NCT05275738
"The Glaucoma Nicotinamide Trial"; n 660; "Visual field progression"; 2026-12-31
NCT05702398
"Pilot Trial of Supplemental Vitamin A and Nicotinamide"; n 30; "Change of Blood Vitamin A and Nicotinamide Levels"; 2028-03-01
14 further recorded trials
NCT05955924
"Nicotinamide Chemoprevention for Keratinocyte Carcinoma in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients - Pivotal Trial"; n 396; "Time to first biopsy-confirmed keratinocyte carcinoma (basal cell carcinoma or invasive cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma)"; 2027-08
NCT06007391
"Tolerance and Efficacy Nicotinamide (Vitamin B3) in Dominant Optic Atrophy OPA1"; n 25; "Number of patient with neurologic or ophtalmological adverse event"; 2026-09
NCT06054529
"Spatiotemporal Dimensions of Metabolism in Autochthonous Tumors of GBM Patients"; n 2; "Subtyping of GBM tumors as Classical, Proneural or MES (based on RNA-seq)"; 2025-12
NCT06599918
"Study of the Efficacy and Safety of Nicotinamide in Patients With Liver Fibrosis (NICOFIB)"; n 30; "Effect of nicotinamide on hepatic fibrosis"; 2028-12
NCT06640309
"The Effect of Nicotinamide on the Clinical Outcome of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients"; n 70; "Disease severity assessment using DAS-28 -CRP"; 2025-06
NCT06731582
"Nicotinamide Supplementation in Glaucoma"; n 520; "Mean Deviation (MD)"; 2028-07
NCT06805656
"Multi Interventional Approaches to Mitigate HIV Reservoirs for the Sustained HIV Remission Without Antiretrovirals"; n 70; "Evolution of viral load of HIV RNA over the time frame of study"; 2028-06-01
NCT06882096
"Tracing the Metabolic Flux of Orally Administered NAD+ Precursors"; n 32; "Labelled NAD+ in Peripheral Blood"; 2027-06
NCT06983730
"The Kidney's Response to Exercise in Heat, and the Impact of Vitamin B3 on This Response"; n 28; "Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin"; 2028-06
NCT06991712
"Comparisons of NAD Precursors for Neuroenhancement in Glaucoma Patients"; n 138; "Change in visual field sensitivity"; 2026-12-31
NCT07006194
"Nicotinamide Levels in Serum, Aqueous Humor, and Tear Film in Glaucoma and Correlations With Mitochondrial Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns (mtDAMPs) and Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP)"; n 360; "Nicotinamide levels measurement in biologic fluids"; 2026-12-31
NCT07585006
"Comparative Evaluation of Nicotine Analogs"; n 70; "Nicotine urges/craving (QSU)"; 2026-12-31
NCT07655791
"Efficacy and Safety of Oral Nicotinamide as an Adjunctive Therapy in Patients With Sepsis"; n 60; "The Change in SOFA Score"; 2027-01-01
NCT07739290
"NAD Supplementation to Reduce the Incidence of Cardiac Surgery Associated Acute Kidney Injury"; n 20; "Post Operative day 1 urinary KIM-1"; 2029-01-01
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Which running trial of Nicotinamide could settle inflammatory markers?
NCT06640309 measures Disease severity assessment using DAS-28 -CRP, reading out 2025-06.
1 open trial; n 70; "The Effect of Nicotinamide on the Clinical Outcome of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT06640309
"The Effect of Nicotinamide on the Clinical Outcome of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients"; n 70; "Disease severity assessment using DAS-28 -CRP"; 2025-06
Q11
Which 22 trials of Nicotinamide posted no result?
Posted no result
22 of 22 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00508885, NCT00316472, NCT00140166, NCT00033436, NCT00302744 and NCT01200784, and 16 more
Completion dates
oldest 2007-07; newest 2024-06-18
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00508885
2007-07
NCT00316472
2007-12
NCT00140166
2008-05
NCT00033436
2008-11
NCT00302744
2008-12
NCT01200784
2011-07
14 further recorded trials
NCT01542138
2012-11
NCT00580931
2014-07
NCT01381354
2016-05
NCT03392623
2016-12-01
NCT02558595
2017-12-18
NCT03850886
2019-08-07
NCT02961829
2020-03
NCT03268902
2020-03-26
NCT04910230
2020-04-02
NCT04843553
2020-12-18
NCT07062120
2021-04-01
NCT05017428
2021-07-01
NCT05916066
2022-04-30
NCT04751604
2022-10-20
Q12
At the median, Nicotinamide's trials enrolled 55 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
55
Largest enrolment
1884
Registered trials counted
67
Q13
What do 23096 spontaneous reports say about Nicotinamide — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Nicotinamide appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 23096 reaction mentions were counted: pain 2762; alopecia 2581; pemphigus 2523; systemic lupus erythematosus 2523. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1140 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
pain
2762
alopecia
2581
pemphigus
2523
systemic lupus erythematosus
2523
abdominal discomfort
2504
rheumatoid arthritis
2299
4 more recorded rows
fatigue
2292
glossodynia
2063
swelling
1846
hand deformity
1703
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
Was Nicotinamide studied with fasting and exercise?
fasting and exercise are named in Nicotinamide's label sentences: "The Mimio fasting mimetic, containing spermidine, nicotinamide, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoethanolamide (OEA), or a placebo capsule was then taken before the first meal of the day for 8 weeks." openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-05-01
2 recorded statements; fasting, exercise
Show the evidence
fasting
The Mimio fasting mimetic, containing spermidine, nicotinamide, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) and oleoethanolamide (OEA), or a placebo capsule was then taken before the first meal of the day for 8 weeks.
exercise
Random allocation was age-stratified (<18 years vs ≥18 years) to one of four groups: placebo and no exercise with attention control (weekly phone calls; henceforth placebo only), nicotinamide riboside and no exercise with attention control (henceforth nicotinamide riboside only), placebo and exercise (exercise only), and nicotinamide riboside and exercise (combination therapy).
recorded 2026-05-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q15
What is recorded about Nicotinamide and sirtuin?
"Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are key regulators of cellular metabolism and NAD<sup>+</sup> homeostasis, representing attractive targets in cancer therapy." — where Nicotinamide and sirtuin appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-08-10
"Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are key regulators of cellular metabolism and NAD<sup>+</sup> homeostasis, representing attractive targets in cancer therapy."
NAD+PMID 42492380
"Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) are key regulators of cellular metabolism and NAD<sup>+</sup> homeostasis, representing attractive targets in cancer therapy."
sirtuinPMID 42492380
"Notably, despite its NAMPT inhibitory activity in vitro, F1 treatment resulted in a time-dependent increase in intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>) levels (∼1.5-fold) and an elevated NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratio within 24 h, accompanied by upregulation of NAMPT and SIRT1 protein expression, reflecting a compensatory response aimed at maintaining NAD<sup>+</sup>…"
NAD+
PMID 42492380
"Notably, despite its NAMPT inhibitory activity in vitro, F1 treatment resulted in a time-dependent increase in intracellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>) levels (∼1.5-fold) and an elevated NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratio within 24 h, accompanied by upregulation of NAMPT and SIRT1 protein expression, reflecting a compensatory response aimed at maintaining NAD<sup>+</sup>…"
PMID 41841768
"Early NAD+ repletion via nicotinamide mononucleotide and interventions targeting NAMPT warrant clinical evaluation as potential therapies for calcific aortic valve disease."
sirtuinPMID 42467143
"Sirtuins (SIRT1-SIRT7), a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent deacetylases, have emerged as key regulators of neuronal survival and metabolic homeostasis."
senolyticPMID 42573012
"FBL resists cellular senescence by stabilizing SIRT1 and sustaining the nicotinamide metabolism, therefore providing an optional strategy for ESCC treatment by sensitizing senolytic therapy with FBL inhibitors."
recorded 2026-08-10 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
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