No plain explanation of what this changes is stored.
No recorded use is stored in reader language.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 26 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 28 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved3 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Body weight
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved2 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Strength
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Muscle
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Endurance
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
3 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
nerve activity in healthy subjects and IBS patients
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01912313
How many people
99999999
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Very low food security among children according to the U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module, 30-day reference period
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02877147
How many people
85000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Targeted fruit and vegetable (TFV) intake
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02651064
How many people
55095
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
1. HIV infection rate among baseline HIV-negative babies born to HIV-positive mothers at 24 months
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00198718
How many people
28220
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Baseline to end-line change in the prevalence of stunting among children 0-59 months of age
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06025786
How many people
13200
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Overall nutritional quality of the shopping cart
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02385838
How many people
11981
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.3 registered measures of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.3 registered measures of this kind.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.12 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
plasma inflammatory markers
systolic and diastolic blood pressure
fasting blood glucose
body composition
strength
daytime systolic blood pressure
body mass index
lean mass
area under the plasma concentration curve
iodine concentration in urine
and 5 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (13)
adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability
acute bone cell activity
cmax of vitamin d3
auc of vitamin d3
oxidative stress marker
changes in lipid profile
liver fat
healing rate of the ulcer
wound size
acute bone turnover/cell activity
recurrence
fecal incontinence
gut microbiome
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
No description of who was studied is recorded.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No form or route is recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing is recorded about product quality.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
The exact form studied is not recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
32311 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as amino acid/protein, botanical, non-nutrient/non-botanical and other combinations.
Those labels carry all other, approved health and nutrient claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
7 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
How this medicine reached us — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (11)
Q1
What did Cow Milk's largest trial (6000 people) and its longest (14 years) measure?
6000 people in Cow Milk's largest registered study, 14 years in its longest registered window, measuring Reduction in hospital mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
44 na, 2 early phase1, 2 phase1, 2 phase4, 1 na or unstated, 1 phase2, 1 phase3; NCT00597532; 2016-04. Last human test completed 2025, NCT06041087.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Cow Milk was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
44
early phase1
2
phase1
2
phase4
2
na or unstated
1
phase2
1
2 more recorded rows
phase3
1
Last recorded human testNCT06041087
2025-09-01
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Cow Milk shown lifespan?
"The initial plan was 2 years but due to slow recruitment. We were able to screen 635 patients in 4 years and recruited only 127 patients."; 4 of 52 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02868827
terminated; "The initial plan was 2 years but due to slow recruitment. We were able to screen 635 patients in 4 years and recruited only 127 patients."
NCT03093090
withdrawn; "Study never officially began"
NCT03615989
terminated; "COVID-19"
NCT06836752
terminated; "The current operational setting is not sustainable and very unlikely to deliver the planned enrollment of 60 participants. Even with significant protocol amendments, these challenges would remain."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of Cow Milk used 120 IU milk — over how long?
U-shaped in human: "In this work, a silicon photonic dipstick sensor accommodating two U-shaped Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) was employed for the label-free detection of the adulteration of ewe, goat, and donkey milk with cow milk." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2024-08-31
2 recorded sentences naming Cow Milk; U-shaped, Dose response
Show the evidence
U-shapedPMID 39275599
"In this work, a silicon photonic dipstick sensor accommodating two U-shaped Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs) was employed for the label-free detection of the adulteration of ewe, goat, and donkey milk with cow milk."
Dose response
"Dose response and large scale studies are needed to determine the optimal dietary inclusion rate and the commercial feasibility of SDA-containing oils as a means of increasing n−3 fatty acids in dairy cow milk."
recorded 2024-08-31 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Cow Milk's effect on plasma inflammatory markers?
Plasma inflammatory markers: measured in Cow Milk's trials.
Interpretation plasma inflammatory markers is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
plasma inflammatory markers; 2026-09-01
systolic and diastolic blood pressure; 2026-09-01
fasting blood glucose; 2026-09-01
adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability; 2026-09-01
body composition; 2026-09-01
strength; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
daytime systolic blood pressure; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
body mass index; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
lean mass; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
area under the plasma concentration curve; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
acute bone cell activity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
cmax of vitamin d3; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
auc of vitamin d3; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
oxidative stress marker; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
changes in lipid profile; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
liver fat; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
iodine concentration in urine; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
healing rate of the ulcer; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
wound size; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
acute bone turnover/cell activity; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
25
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
0; NCT03093090; PHASE1; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q7
Which of acute bone cell activity, acute bone turnover/cell activity and adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability did Cow Milk's trials measure?
acute bone cell activity, acute bone turnover/cell activity and adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability lead 28 outcome terms across Cow Milk's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability, body composition, strength, daytime systolic blood pressure, body mass index and lean mass follow.
Show the evidence
plasma inflammatory markers
1
systolic and diastolic blood pressure
1
fasting blood glucose
1
adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability
1
body composition
1
strength
1
14 more recorded rows
daytime systolic blood pressure
1
body mass index
1
lean mass
1
area under the plasma concentration curve
1
acute bone cell activity
1
cmax of vitamin d3
1
auc of vitamin d3
1
oxidative stress marker
1
changes in lipid profile
1
liver fat
1
iodine concentration in urine
1
healing rate of the ulcer
1
wound size
1
acute bone turnover/cell activity
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Cow Milk's 8 ongoing trials reports first?
Change in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels (Percentage); Differences in protein intake to maximize whole-body protein synthesis rates in older adults based on consumption of milk protein or wheat protein; latest 2028-04-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT06695221
"Improving Health Outcomes With Kefir"; n 156; "Change in Glycated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) Levels (Percentage)"; 2027-12
NCT06783075
"Milk Vs Wheat Protein Intake to Maximize Whole-body Protein Synthesis Rates in Healthy Older Adults"; n 24; "Differences in protein intake to maximize whole-body protein synthesis rates in older adults based on consumption of milk protein or wheat protein"; 2027-01-01
NCT06874400
"Comparison of Dairy and Plant-based Alternatives in Adolescents and Older Adults"; n 160; "Blood glucose"; 2028-04-01
NCT07056322
"Optimal Meals to Reduce Bone Resorption in Women With Osteopenia"; n 13; "Bone resoroption"; 2026-10
NCT07071181
"Effects of Milk-based Drinks on Gut Microbiome, Sleep and Cardiometabolic Markers"; n 40; "LDL Cholesterol"; 2026-03
NCT07239856
"Goat vs. Cow Milk Digestive Tolerance"; n 20; "Digestive discomfort score from 0 to 8 hours post-meal"; 2027-02
2 further recorded trials
NCT07257913
"Impact of Dairy Integration Into Canadian Food Guide on Gut Health"; n 20; "Gut epithelial permeability"; 2026-08-31
NCT07513987
"IMPACT: Immune and Musculoskeletal Physiological Adaptations to Combined Exercise Training & Nutrition"; n 60; "Inflammatory Cytokines assessed from blood samples via Elisa"; 2027-12-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 28 trials of Cow Milk posted no result?
Posted no result
28 of 28 completed trials
Registrations
NCT01163773, NCT00948038, NCT00917878, NCT02035423, NCT01578590 and NCT00874627, and 22 more
Completion dates
oldest 2006-06; newest 2023-11-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01163773
2006-06
NCT00948038
2009-05
NCT00917878
2009-07
NCT02035423
2011-06
NCT01578590
2012-08
NCT00874627
2012-12
14 further recorded trials
NCT01566357
2013-07
NCT01580189
2013-12
NCT01776216
2013-12
NCT02487342
2014-12
NCT02230345
2015-07
NCT02218333
2015-09
NCT00597532
2016-04
NCT02998489
2016-09-12
NCT03033953
2016-11
NCT01361347
2016-12
NCT03966846
2017-07
NCT02484625
2017-08
NCT04867031
2018-07-03
NCT04296825
2018-07-09
Q10
At the median, Cow Milk's trials enrolled 34 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
34
Largest enrolment
6000
Registered trials counted
52
Q11
What is recorded about Cow Milk and AMPK?
"Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation." — where Cow Milk and AMPK appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2022-09-29
AMPK; PMID 36232796
Show the evidence
AMPKPMID 36232796
"Weaning-related disappearance of MEX miRs may be the critical event switching β cells from proliferation to TGF-β/AMPK-mediated cell differentiation, whereas continued exposure of adult humans to bovine MEX miRs via intake of pasteurized cow milk may reverse β cell differentiation, promoting β cell de-differentiation."
recorded 2022-09-29 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md
✗ required summary fields resolved: 3 required field(s) not terminal: Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 8 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
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