This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Liraglutide does in the body
Used for type 2 diabetes and long-term weight management.
Natural GLP-1 lasts about two minutes in the blood. Liraglutide is the same hormone with one amino acid swapped and a fatty acid chain bolted to a lysine, which makes it stick to albumin and last about half a day. That is enough for one injection a day. It tells the pancreas to release insulin when glucose is high, slows the stomach, and lowers appetite.
What happened in people
Among 9,340 high-risk people, serious heart-related problems fell from about 15 in 100 to 13 in 100.
✓ Reviewed first-read answer
Where this came from
A person wrote this and a reviewer approved it against this exact record. It carries no effect size.
A reviewer approved this against this record. The reviewed-claim record carrying the exact population and effect size does not exist yet.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Benefits shown for liraglutide do not automatically apply to other medicines in the same family.
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as protein.
FDA substance registry · 839I73S42A · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
The limit a reviewer approved as the one that matters most here.
The four opening statements run to 94 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
△Only a number moved7 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Body weight
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved6 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Blood sugar
hba1c; insulin dose; hba1c from baseline to week 26; myocardial glucose uptake; area under insulin degludec concentration time curve; hba1c at week 26; diabetes related quality of life assessed by addqol; fasting plasma/serum glucose
Body weight
body weight at week 20; fasting body weight; losing at least 5 of baseline fasting body weight; losing at least 5 of baseline body weight; body weight change; body weight
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
1 registered symptom measure.
△ Only a number moved
7 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Results from the one trial this record names
In NCT01179048, Time From Randomisation to First Occurrence of Cardiovascular Death, Non-fatal Myocardial Infarction, or Non-fatal Stroke (a Composite Cardiovascular Outcome) was Liraglutide: 13.0 percent of subjects with a first event against Placebo: 14.9 percent of subjects with a first event in the comparison group at From randomisation to last contact (up to month 60 plus 30 days). The recorded difference is Hazard ratio 0.868 (95% CI 0.778 to 0.968; p<0.001 (Cox regression)).
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT01179048 · read 2026-08-27
Cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
LEADER (NCT01179048)
How many people
9340
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
P = 0.01 for superiority, hazard ratio 0.87
Repeated elsewhere
Replicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Higher rate of gallstone disease and of acute gallbladder events on treatment
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Subcutaneous once-daily multi-dose pen
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
RNAWiki holds 2 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.27 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat, Dog. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it changes in the body◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
The path through the body
From what a person takes to what changes. A solid line is a step measured in people. A dashed line is a step nobody has measured that way.
Where a source records it acting
Pancreas: Activates the GLP-1 receptor in pancreatic beta cells, leading to insulin release in the presence of elevated glucose concentrations
US prescribing information · 0450d8a2-a88e-4849-9788-ed4f5246f223 · read 2026-08-27
Stomach: The mechanism of blood glucose lowering also involves a delay in gastric emptying
US prescribing information · 0450d8a2-a88e-4849-9788-ed4f5246f223 · read 2026-08-27
Start
Liraglutide
What a person takes: Subcutaneous once-daily multi-dose pen.
The measurement behind this step
Prefilled 3 mL pen containing 18 mg of liraglutide, delivering 0.6, 1.2 or 1.8 mg for diabetes, or escalating to 3.0 mg for weight management. Injection is independent of meals.
Getting in
Daily injection and reversible albumin binding
A once-daily injection under the skin. The palmitic acid tail sticks to albumin, which slows both absorption from the injection site and clearance by the kidneys.
──Measured in people. Written by a person from the study named beside the step. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The measurement behind this step
The gamma-glutamyl palmitate arm on Lys26 drives self-association at the depot and reversible albumin binding in plasma, giving a terminal half-life of roughly 13 hours.
About one percentage point off HbA1c, about 8% of body weight at the higher dose, and 13% fewer heart attacks, strokes and cardiovascular deaths in high-risk diabetes.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
LEADER hazard ratio 0.87 for three-point MACE with a 0.78 hazard ratio for cardiovascular death, sustained over a median 3.8 years.
No suggested links are held for this record, so nothing is hidden from this path.
What we know
The record describes 5 steps from taking it to an effect in a person.
How we know it
Each step names the study behind it in the technical detail beside it.
What this does not prove
A change inside the body is a reason to look. It is not a result in a person.
Why it matters
A reader can see exactly where the chain stops being measured in people.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim binds any of these steps to a named population.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
diabetes related quality of life assessed by addqol
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
hba1c
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 52
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 104
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 156
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c after 24 weeks of treatment
body weight at week 20
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 26
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 78
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c from week 52 to week 78
and 17 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (12)
glycosylated a1c at week 26
glycosylated a1c at week 104
acetylcholine mediated forearm blood flow
number and type of adverse events
myocardial fatty acid oxidation rate
myocardial fatty acid esterification rate
incidence of serious adverse drug reactions
pasi
dlqi
area under the curve
weight
incidence of treatment emergent adverse events
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. approximately 13 hours hours
Read from the label, which states: “The mean apparent clearance following subcutaneous administration of a single dose of liraglutide is approximately 1.2 L/h with an elimination half-life of approximately 13 hours.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Adults with type 2 diabetes, particularly with established cardiovascular disease; and, at the higher 3.0 mg dose, adults with obesity or overweight with a weight-related condition, including adolescents from age 12.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Who a named study recorded including and excluding
It included: Type 2 diabetes; Age min. 50 years at screening and concomitant cardiovascular, cerebrovascular or peripheral vascular disease or chronic renal failure or chronic heart failure OR age min. 60 years at screening and other specified risk factors of cardiovascular disease; HbA1c: 7.0% or above; Anti-diabetic drug naive or treated with one or more oral anti-diabetic drugs (OADs) or treated with human NPH insulin or long-acting insulin analogue or premixed insulin, alone or in combination with OAD(s).
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT01179048 · read 2026-08-27
It excluded: Type 1 diabetes; Use of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (exenatide, liraglutide or other) or pramlintide or any dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP-4) inhibitor within the 3 months prior to screening (trial start); Use of insulin other than human NPH insulin or long-acting insulin analogue or premixed insulin within 3 months prior to screening.
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT01179048 · read 2026-08-27
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness of liraglutide have not been established in patients less than 12 years of age.”
US prescribing information · 0b898330-eca1-f60a-71d2-b91716e336ed · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “In the liraglutide clinical trials, 232 (6.9%) of the liraglutide-treated patients were 65 years of age and over, and 17 (0.5%) of the liraglutide-treated patients were 75 years of age and over.”
US prescribing information · 0b898330-eca1-f60a-71d2-b91716e336ed · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Based on animal reproduction studies, there may be risks to the fetus from exposure to liraglutide during pregnancy.”
US prescribing information · 0b898330-eca1-f60a-71d2-b91716e336ed · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of liraglutide in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · 0b898330-eca1-f60a-71d2-b91716e336ed · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “There is limited experience in patients with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment.”
US prescribing information · 0b898330-eca1-f60a-71d2-b91716e336ed · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “There is limited experience with liraglutide in patients with mild, moderate, and severe renal impairment, including end‑stage renal disease.”
US prescribing information · 0b898330-eca1-f60a-71d2-b91716e336ed · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
Native GLP-1 itself: a two-minute half-life made continuous infusion the only workable delivery, which is what the acylation strategy was invented to solve
Daily dosing as a market position, once weekly agents with larger effects arrived
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Given by a clinician
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Subcutaneous once-daily multi-dose pen
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S9.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
0 mg for weight management. Injection is independent of meals.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
The recorded stepping schedule
What follows is the schedule printed on the label, recorded as it is written there. It is a record of what was done, not a recommendation.
US prescribing information · 0450d8a2-a88e-4849-9788-ed4f5246f223 · read 2026-08-27
Starting dosage, for one week (adult patients): 0.6 mg injected subcutaneously once daily — Recorded as intended to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions during initial titration; not effective for glycemic control in adults
US prescribing information · 0450d8a2-a88e-4849-9788-ed4f5246f223 · read 2026-08-27
After one week at the 0.6 mg once daily dosage: 1.2 mg injected subcutaneously once daily
US prescribing information · 0450d8a2-a88e-4849-9788-ed4f5246f223 · read 2026-08-27
After at least one week of treatment with the 1.2 mg once daily dosage, if additional glycemic control is required: 1.8 mg injected subcutaneously once daily (maximum recommended dosage)
US prescribing information · 0450d8a2-a88e-4849-9788-ed4f5246f223 · read 2026-08-27
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
·Worth asking a clinician aboutWritten into the record from the studies named on this page
Nausea, vomiting and diarrhoea are common early and usually settle. Gallstone disease and acute pancreatitis are uncommon but established. Boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumours from rodent studies; contraindicated with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2.
Nobody counted how many people took this and were fine, so this cannot be turned into a rate.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Subcutaneous once-daily multi-dose pen
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
0 mg for weight management. Injection is independent of meals.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on which forms are sold and how they compare.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
62 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 61 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 14403-0021 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, injection, solution and powder, taken subcutaneous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 14403-0021 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is glp-1 receptor agonist [epc], glucagon-like peptide 1 [cs] and glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) agonists [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 14403-0021 · read 2026-08-29
22 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 21 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 0b898330-eca1-f60a-71d2-b91716e336ed · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 0b898330-eca1-f60a-71d2-b91716e336ed · read 2026-08-29
Liraglutide is injection: solution in a prefilled, single-patient-use pen at 18 mg/3 mL (6 mg/mL); the pen delivers doses of 0.6 mg, 1.2 mg, or 1.8 mg, recorded as prescription product; fda label in effect 2025-11-13 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 0450d8a2-a88e-4849-9788-ed4f5246f223 · read 2026-08-27
Recorded price in US: 32.00168–47.69472 USD per one millilitre, across 17 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Liraglutide studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Claims that go past the evidence
Things said about this substance that sound reasonable, and the exact step that is missing between the evidence and the claim.
✗Goes past the evidence
That the cardiovascular benefit is a property of the class rather than of this molecule in this population
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That the weight-management dose carries the LEADER cardiovascular result; LEADER was run at diabetes doses in people with diabetes
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Liraglutide are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Every line above can be traced to the study named beside it. Follow the link and read it.
LEADER: 13% relative reduction in major cardiovascular events
In plain words
In 9,340 people with type 2 diabetes at high cardiovascular risk, the composite of cardiovascular death, heart attack and stroke fell from 14.9% to 13.0% over a median 3.8 years. Cardiovascular death fell from 6.0% to 4.7%.
What was measured
Time to first cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction or nonfatal stroke
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Primary composite hazard ratio 0.87 (95% CI 0.78 to 0.97), P<0.001 for noninferiority and P=0.01 for superiority. Cardiovascular death hazard ratio 0.78 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.93), P=0.007. All-cause death 8.2% versus 9.6%.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
SCALE Obesity: 8.4 kg lost at 56 weeks on the 3.0 mg dose
In plain words
In 3,731 adults without diabetes, the higher dose produced 8.4 kg of weight loss against 2.8 kg on placebo, a difference of 5.6 kg.
What was measured
Change in body weight at week 56
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
56-week double-blind trial, 2:1 randomisation to liraglutide 3.0 mg daily or placebo, both with lifestyle counselling. Mean weight change -8.4 kg versus -2.8 kg, difference -5.6 kg (95% CI -6.0 to -5.1, P<0.001).
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
From class-defining to second-line inside a decade
In plain words
Liraglutide proved that this class could prevent heart attacks. Then weekly agents arrived with roughly twice the weight loss, and the drug that opened the field became the budget option.
What was measured
Not recorded
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Weight loss of about 8% at 56 weeks with daily liraglutide 3.0 mg compares with about 15% at 68 weeks with weekly semaglutide 2.4 mg and about 21% at 72 weeks with weekly tirzepatide 15 mg. The comparison is across trials with different designs and populations, not a head-to-head, but the gap is far larger than the between-trial noise.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
That the cardiovascular benefit is a class effect that transfers to every GLP-1 agonist
In plain words
It does not transfer automatically. Once-weekly exenatide ran the same kind of trial in 14,752 people and missed superiority. Each molecule has had to prove it separately.
What was measured
That every GLP-1 receptor agonist reduces cardiovascular events
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
LEADER met superiority (HR 0.87, P=0.01) and REWIND met it narrowly (HR 0.88, P=0.026), but EXSCEL with exenatide returned HR 0.91 with P=0.06 for superiority, and SURPASS-CVOT found tirzepatide noninferior but not superior to dulaglutide. Class-effect language is an extrapolation across molecules with different structures, half-lives and trial populations.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Generic entry has moved the price, and only for this molecule so far
In plain words
Generic liraglutide now appears in the US national acquisition-cost file at roughly half the branded price. No other injectable in this class has a generic.
What was measured
Published national acquisition cost per millilitre, generic versus brand
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
NADAC 2026 file: generic liraglutide 18 mg/3 mL is $48.06 to $73.74 per millilitre depending on pack size, against $87.76 to $87.80 for Victoza. At 1.8 mg daily this is about $433 per month generic versus about $790 branded.
Source
CMS National Average Drug Acquisition Cost, 2026 file
Role in the trial
Not matched to a registered study
Identity check
no open identity hold
Audit mark
verified
Review state
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
How many documents were read
21 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
21 of them state the same halfLife, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
21 of them state the same bioavailability, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
21 of them state the same proteinBinding, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
839I73S42A
CAS registry number
204656-20-2
PubChem compound
16134956
RxNorm concept
475968
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Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
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Suppression classes recorded: S9.
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Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
14 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA022341, approved 20100125 to NOVO NORDISK INC.
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What is not here
3 questions this page could not answer
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Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
The older medicine-wide conclusion held in this record
Written for a clinical reader, and about the medicine as a whole rather than about one indication, population and set of trials. RNAWiki does not treat it as a programme conclusion and no reviewer has signed it off in that form. It is here word for word because it is what the record holds.
The first once-daily GLP-1 analogue, anchored to albumin by a palmitic acid arm, which cut major cardiovascular events by 13% in 9,340 people with type 2 diabetes and has since been overtaken on both convenience and effect size.
Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q2
What did Liraglutide's largest trial (1499650 people) and its longest (11 years) measure?
1499650 people in Liraglutide's largest registered study, 11 years in its longest registered window, measuring Relative hazard of composite outcome of Stroke, MI, and Mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
100 phase4, 93 phase3, 69 phase2, 65 phase1, 38 na or unstated, 34 na, 5 early phase1; NCT02516657; 2023-08-03; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2026, NCT05313529.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Liraglutide was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase4
100
phase3
93
phase2
69
phase1
65
na or unstated
38
na
34
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
5
Last recorded human testNCT05313529
2026-07-01
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Liraglutide shown lifespan?
futility/efficacy (1), accrual/recruitment (6), funding/business (5), sponsor decision unspecified (1) and other (14): Liraglutide's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"The trial was terminated at week 195 due to an insufficient number of subjects remaining to obtain reasonable statistical power"; 27 of 392 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00294723
terminated; "The trial was terminated at week 195 due to an insufficient number of subjects remaining to obtain reasonable statistical power"
NCT01206101
terminated; "The decision to close the NN2211-3619 trial was based on the very low recruitment rate as well as challenges relating to trial execution and study completion."
NCT01542242
terminated; "Subject withdrew"
NCT01597531
terminated; "Difficulty recruiting patients"
NCT01628445
terminated; "Error made by local pharmacy caused mixed randomization of 20 participants"
NCT01638260
terminated; "Terminated because of insufficient number of subjects included."
14 further recorded trials
NCT01722227
withdrawn; "No Funding Received from ADA"
NCT02072096
terminated; "The trial was terminated per protocol because of lack of feasibility."
NCT02198209
withdrawn; "Investigator decided not to move forward with study prior to study start date"
NCT02231658
terminated; "Too challenging to recruit appropriate participants at an acceptable speed."
withdrawn; "Lack of funds to cover the costs of the study medications"
NCT03500484
terminated; "The study was initially paused due to COVID restrictions and then when able to resume, there was no longer funding."
NCT04531176
terminated; "After an unplanned yet IRB approved interim analysis, it was found that there was not a significant difference between the 3 arms of the study. The study was closed due to futility. All Patients are off study and this study will not resume."
NCT04643301
withdrawn; "Cancellation by sponsor"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Liraglutide used Liraglutide 0.6 mg — over how long?
17 recorded entries; human; injection; also "Liraglutide 0.6 mg", "Liraglutide 1.2 mg", "Liraglutide 1.8mg"
Show the evidence
human
NCT01373450
Liraglutide 0.6 mg
NCT01373450
Liraglutide 1.2 mg
NCT01722240
Liraglutide 1.8mg
NCT01899430
injection; Victoza 6 mg/ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen
NCT01911468
injection; Glucophage tablets and Victoza 6 mg/ml solution for injection in pre-filled pen
NCT01966978
Liraglutide 6 mg/mL Subcutaneously
11 more recorded rows
humanNCT02109315
Liraglutide 6 mg
humanNCT02718950
Liraglutide 3.0 mg
humanNCT02773355
liraglutide 3.0 mg
humanNCT02905864
Liraglutide 3 mg (Saxenda)
humanNCT02905864
Liraglutide 3 mg placebo
humanNCT02911818
Liraglutide 3.0mg
humanNCT03036800
Liraglutide 3mg
humanNCT03480022
Placebo liraglutide 3 mg
humanNCT03856047
Placebo (Liraglutide 3.0 mg)
humanNCT04008290
0.6 mg Liraglutide
humanNCT04046822
Liraglutide 6 MG/ML [Saxenda]
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Liraglutide's half-life is approximately 13 hours — which schedules were studied?
approximately 13 hours, the half-life Liraglutide's label states. openfda-label · 0efc3a89-211a-4496-baab-e8265e07de2b · 2026-08-27
bioavailability approximately 55% %.
Show the evidence
half life
approximately 13 hours hours; The mean apparent clearance following subcutaneous administration of a single dose of liraglutide is approximately 1.2 L/h with an elimination half-life of approximately 13 hours.
tmax
Lisinopril median T max was delayed from 6 h to 8 h with liraglutide.
bioavailability
approximately 55% %; Absolute bioavailability of liraglutide following subcutaneous administration is approximately 55%.
metabolism
Metabolism During the initial 24 hours following administration of a single [ 3 H]-liraglutide dose to healthy subjects, the major component in plasma was intact liraglutide.
recorded 2026-08-27 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of acetylcholine mediated forearm blood flow, ambulatory blood pressure and area under insulin degludec concentration time curve did Liraglutide's trials measure?
acetylcholine mediated forearm blood flow, ambulatory blood pressure and area under insulin degludec concentration time curve lead 40 outcome terms across Liraglutide's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 156, glycosylated a1c at week 26, glycosylated a1c at week 104, glycosylated haemoglobin a1c after 24 weeks of treatment, body weight at week 20 and glycosylated haemoglobin a1c follow.
Show the evidence
hba1c
1
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 52
1
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 104
1
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 156
1
glycosylated a1c at week 26
1
glycosylated a1c at week 104
1
14 more recorded rows
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c after 24 weeks of treatment
1
body weight at week 20
1
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c
1
acetylcholine mediated forearm blood flow
1
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 26
1
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 78
1
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c from week 52 to week 78
1
randomisation in glycosylated haemoglobin a1c at week 26
1
number and type of adverse events
1
insulin dose
1
hba1c from baseline to week 26
1
glycosylated hemoglobin at week 32
1
myocardial glucose uptake
1
myocardial fatty acid oxidation rate
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Liraglutide's 20 ongoing trials reports first?
Determination of the variability of HbA1c (by measurement of standard deviation of HbA1c) between the 2 diabetes treatment thresholds; BOLD response to food cues; latest 2029-12-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02879409
"HbA1c Variability in Type II Diabetes"; n 150; "Determination of the variability of HbA1c (by measurement of standard deviation of HbA1c) between the 2 diabetes treatment thresholds"; 2026-10-01
NCT02944500
"Saxenda: Underlying Mechanisms and Clinical Outcomes"; n 28; "BOLD response to food cues"; 2027-06
NCT03087032
"Liraglutide-bolus vs Glargine-bolus Therapy in Overweight/Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients (LiraGooD)"; n 164; "the proportion of patients with HbA1c < 7.0% without experiencing hypoglycemia and without weight gain,with a superiority margin of 3%"; 2025-02-10
NCT03856632
"Liraglutide Effect in Atrial Fibrillation"; n 60; "Change in size of Left Atrial Epicardial Adipose Tissue (LAEAT)"; 2026-12-31
NCT03883412
"Effect of Exercise and/or Liraglutide on Vascular Dysfunction and Insulin Sensitivity in Type 2 Diabetes ( ZQL007)"; n 60; "Microvascular Blood Volume - change from baseline"; 2027-12
NCT04575844
"Effects of Exercise and GLP-1 Agonism on Muscle Microvascular Perfusion and Insulin Action in Adults With Metabolic Syndrome"; n 80; "Microvascular Blood Volume - change from baseline"; 2027-04-30
14 further recorded trials
NCT04775082
"SCALE KIDS: Research Study to Look at How Well a New Medicine is at Lowering Weight in Children With Obesity"; n 78; "Relative change in BMI (Body mass index)"; 2027-02-08
NCT05220917
"Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study"; n 781430; "MACE"; 2027-09-30
NCT05268237
"Safety, Tolerability and Preliminary Efficacy of Sublingual Liraglutide in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"; n 15; "Incidence, nature and severity of adverse events"; 2026-03
NCT05681299
"Effects of GH and Lirglutide on AgRP"; n 40; "AgRP change in GH vs. placebo arms"; 2028-04-30
NCT05756764
"Anti-obesity Pharmacotherapy and Inflammation"; n 30; "weight loss"; 2026-02-20
NCT06361238
"Liraglutide in Preventing Delirium in Diabetic Elderly After Cardiac Surgery"; n 260; "The incidence of delirium"; 2028-03-31
NCT06976619
"The Effect of Glycemic Control and of GLP-1 Receptor Agonism on Islet GLP-1 in People With Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes"; n 60; "Effect of exendin 9-39 on fasting glucagon secretion rate before and after liraglutide treatment"; 2029-03-31
NCT07029009
"Liraglutide Treatment in Patients With Maturity-onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY)"; n 50; "Blood sugar control - HbA1C"; 2027-01
NCT07225816
"Examination of How the Duration of Fasting and Temporary Stopping of GLP-1 Medications Affect the Amount of Food Left in the Stomach in People Using Liraglutide (Injected), Semaglutide (Taken by Mouth) or Semaglutide (Injected)"; n 71; "Occurrence of empty stomach (antrum grade 0 or 1) after fasting following a solid, high-fat meal after dosing of subcutaneous (s.c.) liraglutide once daily (Yes/No)"; 2027-01-06
NCT07225829
"A Trial to Investigate the Safety and Efficacy of Intra-articular 4P004 Injection in Subjects With Knee Synovitis and Osteoarthritis"; n 129; "Change from Baseline at Week 4 in the weekly average of Target Knee (TK) daily pain intensity using the WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index) Pain subscore"; 2026-09
NCT07244003
"Efficacy and Safety of the Met+SGLT-2i+GLP-1RA in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes With Poor Glycemic Control"; n 430; "The change of HbA1c compared to the baseline"; 2028-06-30
NCT07309094
"Clinical, Morphometric and Biochemical Effects on Adiposopathy Associated With the Use of GLP-1RA in CKD"; n 250; "Ultrasonography change in perirenal adipose tissue thickness"; 2028-12-31
NCT07325435
"Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists"; n 60; "Change in Stimulated C-peptide Index during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is a measure of Beta Cell Function and will be measuresd at baseline and at 16 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2-Inhibitor"; 2028-06-30
NCT07640139
"Estimating the Impact of Obesity Medications on Clinical and Economic Outcomes"; n 125000; "Change in subject body weight."; 2029-12-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Liraglutide could settle insulin sensitivity?
NCT07325435 measures Change in Stimulated C-peptide Index during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is a measure of Beta Cell Function and will be measuresd at baseline and at 16 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2-Inhibitor, reading out 2028-06-30.
1 open trial; n 60; "Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT07325435
"Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists"; n 60; "Change in Stimulated C-peptide Index during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is a measure of Beta Cell Function and will be measuresd at baseline and at 16 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2-Inhibitor"; 2028-06-30
Q10
Which 170 trials of Liraglutide posted no result?
Posted no result
170 of 170 completed trials
Registrations
NCT01507285, NCT01507272, NCT01507311, NCT01509755, NCT01511185 and NCT01511198, and 164 more
Completion dates
oldest 1999-11; newest 2024-07-15
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01507285
1999-11
NCT01507272
1999-12
NCT01507311
1999-12
NCT01509755
2001-10
NCT01511185
2001-10
NCT01511198
2001-10
14 further recorded trials
NCT01509742
2001-11
NCT01511159
2001-12
NCT01508923
2002-02
NCT01508949
2002-03
NCT01511172
2002-12
NCT01620463
2003-03
NCT01615978
2004-03
NCT01620476
2004-03
NCT01507337
2004-06
NCT01508897
2004-06-30
NCT01514487
2005-03-30
NCT00154401
2005-10
NCT01508806
2006-03
NCT01515592
2006-04
Q11
At the median, Liraglutide's trials enrolled 63.5 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
63.5
Largest enrolment
1499650
Registered trials counted
392
Q12
Was Liraglutide studied with fasting, caloric restriction and exercise?
fasting, caloric restriction and exercise are named in Liraglutide's label sentences: "In this randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 18 adults with T1D duration ≥ 5 years and detectable fasting C-peptide were assigned to liraglutide or placebo for 52 weeks." openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-13
3 recorded statements; fasting, caloric restriction, exercise
Show the evidence
fasting
In this randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial, 18 adults with T1D duration ≥ 5 years and detectable fasting C-peptide were assigned to liraglutide or placebo for 52 weeks.
caloric restriction
Fifty male albino rats were randomized into five groups: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic + caloric restriction (50%), diabetic + NTX + BUP (4 mg/45 mg /kg/day orally), and diabetic + liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg/day, S.C).
exercise
In this secondary analysis of the S-LiTE trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04122716 ; EudraCT identifier: 2015-005585-32 ), 130 adults with obesity completed a diet-induced weight loss plan, followed by randomization to weight maintenance with exercise and/or liraglutide for 52 weeks.
recorded 2026-08-13 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
What is recorded about Liraglutide and mTOR?
"Liraglutide restored mitochondrial function, activated AMPK/PGC-1α signaling, suppressed mTOR activation and HIF-1α accumulation, reduced collagen I, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression, and partially restored elastin levels." — where Liraglutide and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-08-04
"Liraglutide restored mitochondrial function, activated AMPK/PGC-1α signaling, suppressed mTOR activation and HIF-1α accumulation, reduced collagen I, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression, and partially restored elastin levels."
AMPK
PMID 42549609
"Liraglutide restored mitochondrial function, activated AMPK/PGC-1α signaling, suppressed mTOR activation and HIF-1α accumulation, reduced collagen I, MMP-2, and MMP-9 expression, and partially restored elastin levels."
PMID 42517561
"Mice with liraglutide administration phenocopied the mitigated PH in EC-specific USP10 Tg mice, in part because of the activated AMPK/USP10 loop in the pulmonary endothelium."
sirtuin
"Conclusions Liraglutide can promote fatty acid β-oxidation by activating the SIRT1/PGC-1α/PPARα signaling pathway, thereby improving lipid deposition in hepatocytes."
mTORPMID 41246995
"Both in vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed that liraglutide reduces podocyte cholesterol accumulation in DKD by enhancing autophagy through the mTOR/VMP1 pathway."
autophagyPMID 41246995
"Both in vivo and in vitro studies have confirmed that liraglutide reduces podocyte cholesterol accumulation in DKD by enhancing autophagy through the mTOR/VMP1 pathway."
mTORPMID 41246995
"Liraglutide reduces podocyte cholesterol accumulation through mTOR/VMP1-mediated autophagy, thereby alleviating renal injury in DKD."
autophagy
PMID 41246995
"Liraglutide reduces podocyte cholesterol accumulation through mTOR/VMP1-mediated autophagy, thereby alleviating renal injury in DKD."
PMID 41486848
"Liraglutide decreased the incidence of postoperative restenosis, potentially by inhibiting the p38MAPK/mTOR signaling pathway, enhancing autophagy, and reducing the abnormal proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of VSMCs."
AMPKPMID 37172886
"We further demonstrated that liraglutide mediated these protective effects by activating AMPK/mTOR-mediated autophagy."
sirtuin
PMID 35096293
"Liraglutide significantly attenuated cardiac hypertrophy, pathological changes, inflammation, pyroptosis, and NLRP3 inflammasome activation, accompanied by increased Sirt1 and AMPK activation."
PMID 35096293
"Consistent with the <i>in vivo</i> results, liraglutide attenuated high glucose (HG)-induced pyroptosis and NLRP3 inflammasome activation along with enhanced Sirt1 and AMPK activation."
recorded 2026-08-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 10 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
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This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.