This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Levonorgestrel does in the body
Heavy menstrual bleeding for up to 5 years
From the FDA-approved label: The local mechanism by which continuously released LNG provides contraception has not been conclusively demonstrated. Studies of LNG-releasing IUSs suggest several mechanisms for pregnancy prevention: prevention of fertilization due to the thickening of the cervical mucus, which inhibits sperm passage through the cervix, and inhibition of sperm mobility and function (capacitation), and alteration of the endometrium.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 5W7SIA7YZW · read 2026-08-29
Its recorded molecular formula is C21H28O2, weighing 312.4.
US prescribing information · dcbd6aa2-b3fa-479a-a676-56ea742962fc · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 81 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Biomarker
A biomarker is a number from a test that stands in for something about health.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A biomarker is like a fuel gauge.
Where that stops being true. A gauge is wired to the tank. Many biomarkers are only loosely tied to health.
What people get wrong. A better number is read as a better life. Several medicines improved a number and helped nobody.
A measurable indicator used as a substitute for a clinical outcome of interest.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Sleep
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Energy
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Sleep
sleep
Mood
depression
Energy
fatigue
Blood sugar
diabetes mellitus
Pain
pain before and after surgery
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Compare risks of HIV acquisition between women randomized to DMPA, LNG and copper IUD
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02550067
How many people
7830
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral-28
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Efficacy against severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (>=11 on the 20 point Vesikari scoring scale) caused by non vaccine rotavirus
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01305109
How many people
6800
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral-28
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Hormonal Birth Control and the Risk of Acquiring HIV
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00006324
How many people
6360
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral-28
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
To evaluate the efficacy of ROTAVAC5D
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06200844
How many people
5800
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral-28
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of siblings born after study enrollment (1 year)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04371900
How many people
4700
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral-28
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Incidence of patients billing for use of any contraception (1 for use of contraception/0 no use of contraception)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03673007
How many people
4633
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral-28
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.1 registered measure of this kind. No reviewed result.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.2 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
□AnimalsNo evidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.No animal record is stored.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
fatigue
pain before and after surgery
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
maximum concentration
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
regression and remission rate of endometrial hyperplasia
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (36)
potential sebs relevant to endometrial carcinogenesis
progesterone levels above 3 0 / at time 1 and time 2
pregnancy
venous thromboembolism
primary efficacy variable will be bleeding profile
hrqol
response rate
contraceptive method discontinuation
pregnancy following emergency contraception
hot flashes
sleep
depression
pathological complete response
diabetes mellitus
d dimer
pregnancy rate
bleeding and spotting days
ovulation
pathological response rate
pathological response time
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 20 hours hours
Read from the label, which states: “Elimination Following intravenous administration of 0.09 mg LNG to healthy volunteers, the total clearance of LNG is approximately 1 mL/min/kg and the elimination half-life is approximately 20 hours.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Mirena is a progestin-containing intrauterine system (IUS) indicated for: • Prevention of pregnancy for up to 8 years ( 1.1 ) • Treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding for women who choose to use intrauterine contraception as their method of contraception for up to 5 years. ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Contraception Mirena is indicated for prevention of pregnancy for up to 8 years; replace after the end of the eighth year.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Safety and efficacy of Mirena have been established in women of reproductive age.”
US prescribing information · dcbd6aa2-b3fa-479a-a676-56ea742962fc · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Mirena has not been studied in women over age 65 and is not approved for use in this population.”
US prescribing information · dcbd6aa2-b3fa-479a-a676-56ea742962fc · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary The use of Mirena is contraindicated in pregnancy or with a suspected pregnancy and Mirena may cause adverse pregnancy outcomes [see Contraindications ( 4 ), Warnings and Precautions ( 5.1 , 5.2 )].”
US prescribing information · dcbd6aa2-b3fa-479a-a676-56ea742962fc · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary Published studies report the presence of LNG in human milk.”
US prescribing information · dcbd6aa2-b3fa-479a-a676-56ea742962fc · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral-28
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as tablet, film, extended release, system, implant, given by the oral-28, oral, oral-21 route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Levonorgestrel appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 29853 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
pregnancy with contraceptive device — 3104 reaction mentions
procedural pain — 2639 reaction mentions
abdominal pain — 2616 reaction mentions
pain — 2532 reaction mentions
vaginal haemorrhage — 2367 reaction mentions
pelvic pain — 1933 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral-28
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
89 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 84 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 71713-098 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as intrauterine device, patch, powder and tablet, taken intrauterine, oral and transdermal.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 71713-098 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is inhibit ovum fertilization [pe], progesterone congeners [cs] and progestin [epc].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 71713-098 · read 2026-08-29
63 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 58 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · dcbd6aa2-b3fa-479a-a676-56ea742962fc · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · dcbd6aa2-b3fa-479a-a676-56ea742962fc · read 2026-08-29
1 marketed supplement label lists this ingredient, classed as other combinations.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Mirena is intrauterine at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Mirena is a LNG-releasing IUS (a type of intrauterine device, or IUD) consisting of a T-shaped polyethylene frame with a steroid reservoir containing a total of 52 mg LNG. • One sterile intr…, recorded as fda label in effect 2025-10-29 in the United States.
US prescribing information · dcbd6aa2-b3fa-479a-a676-56ea742962fc · read 2026-08-30
Recorded price in US: 6.36672 USD per one unit as the pricing file counts it — a tablet, capsule, patch or single item, across 3 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Levonorgestrel studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
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What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
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Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Levonorgestrel are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
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No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
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A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
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Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
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55 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
3 of them state the same volumeOfDistribution, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
5W7SIA7YZW
RxNorm concept
804156
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What the approval register records
112 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA018206, approved 19790726 to CADENCE HEALTH.
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5 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (14)
Q1
What did Levonorgestrel's largest trial (59510 people) and its longest (19 years) measure?
59510 people in Levonorgestrel's largest registered study, 19 years in its longest registered window, measuring Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve for 0 to 24 Hours After Drug Administration, Done Between Days 9 and 12 of the Menstrual Cycle at Time 1 (Before) and Time 2 (During Treatment With St.… ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
34 phase2, 27 na or unstated, 22 phase3, 21 phase4, 20 na, 7 phase1; NCT00788671; 2027-11-30; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2026, NCT05172999.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Levonorgestrel was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase2
34
na or unstated
27
phase3
22
phase4
21
na
20
phase1
7
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT05172999
2026-02-28
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
Levonorgestrel was tested only in human — what did it show?
Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve for 0 to 24 Hours After Drug Administration, Done Between Days 9 and 12 of the Menstrual Cycle at Time 1… — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
humanNCT00131885
biomarker; Area Under the Concentration Versus Time Curve for 0 to 24 Hours After Drug Administration, Done Between Days 9 and 12 of the Menstrual Cycle at Time 1 (Before) and Time 2 (During Treatment With St. John's Wort or Placebo); 122
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
9 of Levonorgestrel's trials stopped: safety, accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?
safety (1), accrual/recruitment (1), funding/business (2) and other (5): Levonorgestrel's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"The data cutoff date of 05 April 2021 was chosen as it coincides with all subjects completing through Year 8 of use (intended duration of use for the product)."; 9 of 122 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00995150
terminated; "The data cutoff date of 05 April 2021 was chosen as it coincides with all subjects completing through Year 8 of use (intended duration of use for the product)."
NCT01230242
terminated; "Suspended to determine if Mirena device could be charged to patient insurance"
NCT01598662
terminated; "Unable to secure funding"
NCT01750476
terminated; "PI and lab have re-located study to The Ohio State University"
NCT01943058
withdrawn; "Lack of funding"
NCT02169869
terminated; "Change in local healthcare policies and practices"
3 further recorded trials
NCT03428854
withdrawn; "The study never got funded so never started enrolling"
NCT03537768
terminated; "We weren't seeing as many pregnancies we initially thought."
NCT03559010
terminated; "Terminated prematurely due to issues with one of the data collection systems, no impact on subject safety"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of Levonorgestrel used Levonorgestrel 1.5mg by mouth once — over how long?
6 recorded entries; human; by mouth; also "Levonorgestrel 0.03 MG", "Norgestrel 0.075 mg tablets", "Norgestrel 0.075 mg"
Show the evidence
human
NCT02104609
by mouth; Levonorgestrel 1.5mg by mouth once
NCT03455075
Levonorgestrel 0.03 MG
NCT03559010
Norgestrel 0.075 mg tablets
NCT03585712
Norgestrel 0.075 mg
NCT03614494
Levonorgestrel 1.5mg
NCT07229209
52 mg levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Levonorgestrel's half-life is 20 hours — which schedules were studied?
20 hours, the half-life Levonorgestrel's label states. openfda-label · 9f44ff35-e052-49cd-a1c2-0bfd87d49309 · 2026-08-30
Show the evidence
half life
20 hours hours; Elimination Following intravenous administration of 0.09 mg LNG to healthy volunteers, the total clearance of LNG is approximately 1 mL/min/kg and the elimination half-life is approximately 20 hours.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Levonorgestrel's effect on potential sebs relevant to endometrial carcinogenesis?
Potential sebs relevant to endometrial carcinogenesis: measured in Levonorgestrel's trials.
Interpretation potential sebs relevant to endometrial carcinogenesis is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
potential sebs relevant to endometrial carcinogenesis; 2026-09-01
progesterone levels above 3 0 / at time 1 and time 2; 2026-09-01
pregnancy; 2026-09-01
venous thromboembolism; 2026-09-01
primary efficacy variable will be bleeding profile; 2026-09-01
hrqol; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
response rate; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
contraceptive method discontinuation; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pregnancy following emergency contraception; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hot flashes; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
sleep; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
depression; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
fatigue; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pathological complete response; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
maximum concentration; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
diabetes mellitus; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
d dimer; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pregnancy rate; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
bleeding and spotting days; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
ovulation; 2026-09-01
half life
2026-09-04; halfLife; hours; 20 hours; 2026-08-30
human trials at or under30
18
smallest human trial
0; NCT01943058; PHASE2; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q7
Which of acceptability, bleeding and spotting days and changes to mucosal function did Levonorgestrel's trials measure?
acceptability, bleeding and spotting days and changes to mucosal function lead 40 outcome terms across Levonorgestrel's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation venous thromboembolism, primary efficacy variable will be bleeding profile, hrqol, response rate, contraceptive method discontinuation and pregnancy following emergency contraception follow.
Show the evidence
potential sebs relevant to endometrial carcinogenesis
1
progesterone levels above 3 0 / at time 1 and time 2
1
pregnancy
1
venous thromboembolism
1
primary efficacy variable will be bleeding profile
1
hrqol
1
14 more recorded rows
response rate
1
contraceptive method discontinuation
1
pregnancy following emergency contraception
1
hot flashes
1
sleep
1
depression
1
fatigue
1
pathological complete response
1
maximum concentration
1
diabetes mellitus
1
d dimer
1
pregnancy rate
1
bleeding and spotting days
1
ovulation
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Levonorgestrel's 9 ongoing trials reports first?
Response Rate at 12 Month; Pathological complete response; latest 2032-02
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00788671
"Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System in Treating Patients With Complex Atypical Hyperplasia or Grade I Endometrial Cancer"; n 69; "Response Rate at 12 Month"; 2027-11-30
NCT01686126
"Improving the Treatment for Women With Early Stage Cancer of the Uterus"; n 165; "Pathological complete response"; 2026-12
NCT02397083
"Levonorgestrel-Releasing Intrauterine System With or Without Everolimus in Treating Patients With Atypical Hyperplasia or Stage IA Grade 1 Endometrial Cancer"; n 102; "Response rate (levonorgestrel intrauterine device [LIUD] alone)"; 2026-09-30
NCT03463252
"Value of LNG-IUS as Fertility-preserving Treatment of EAH and EC"; n 224; "Pathologic Response"; 2030-12-30
NCT05044962
"Kuwa Free! - Live Free!"; n 700; "Hormone concentrations with cabotegravir/rilpivirine use (Aim 1a)"; 2027-03-31
NCT05916469
"Heavy Menstrual Bleeding Progestin Treatment in Bleeding Disorders Study"; n 300; "Treatment success rate"; 2029-06
3 further recorded trials
NCT06073184
"Weight-loss Drug for Fertility-Sparing Treatment of Atypical Hyperplasia and Low-grade Cancer of the Endometrium"; n 71; "Assessment of Complete Pathologic Response"; 2032-02
NCT06727734
"Levonorgestrel-piroxicam Versus Ulipristal Acetate for Emergency Contraception"; n 980; "Pregnancy rate"; 2027-10
NCT07734155
"Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Levonorgestrel Vaginal System"; n 1600; "Pregnancy"; 2030-12
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 51 trials of Levonorgestrel posted no result?
Posted no result
51 of 51 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00271583, NCT00254189, NCT00696202, NCT00498784, NCT00874653 and NCT01096485, and 45 more
Completion dates
oldest 2001-09; newest 2023-09-07
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00271583
2001-09
NCT00254189
2004-10
NCT00696202
2005-03
NCT00498784
2007-10
NCT00874653
2008-12
NCT01096485
2009-03
14 further recorded trials
NCT01096498
2009-03
NCT01297179
2009-03
NCT00798980
2009-11
NCT00864136
2010-11
NCT01085487
2011-06
NCT00966771
2011-08
NCT01695902
2011-09
NCT01295294
2011-12
NCT02158845
2012-09
NCT00393198
2012-10
NCT01074892
2013-12
NCT01022645
2014-08
NCT01590537
2014-10
NCT02159131
2014-12
Q10
At the median, Levonorgestrel's trials enrolled 127 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
127
Largest enrolment
59510
Registered trials counted
122
Q11
What do 29853 spontaneous reports say about Levonorgestrel — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Levonorgestrel appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 29853 reaction mentions were counted: intra-uterine contraceptive device expelled 4403; genital haemorrhage 3828; uterine perforation 3296; abdominal pain lower 3135. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1389 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
intra-uterine contraceptive device expelled
4403
genital haemorrhage
3828
uterine perforation
3296
abdominal pain lower
3135
pregnancy with contraceptive device
3104
procedural pain
2639
4 more recorded rows
abdominal pain
2616
pain
2532
vaginal haemorrhage
2367
pelvic pain
1933
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
Levonorgestrel and CYP3A4: shared by which compounds?
CYP3A4 appear in Levonorgestrel's recorded interaction sentences, 1 in all. openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
Interpretation pharmacokinetics
Show the evidence
CYP3A4pharmacokinetics
CYP3A4 is the main enzyme involved in the oxidative metabolism of LNG.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Levonorgestrel studied with fasting?
fasting is named in Levonorgestrel's label sentences: "In a small trial using two levonorgestrel COCs, the lower-dose group showed smaller mean change in fasting glucose (MD -3.00; 95% CI -5.89 to -0.11), but the obese and normal weight women did not differ significantly." openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
1 recorded statement; fasting
Show the evidence
fasting
In a small trial using two levonorgestrel COCs, the lower-dose group showed smaller mean change in fasting glucose (MD -3.00; 95% CI -5.89 to -0.11), but the obese and normal weight women did not differ significantly.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
What is recorded about Levonorgestrel and IGF-1?
"Levonorgestrel intrauterine system may inhibit the recurrence and formation of endometrial polyp through lowering the expressions of ER, PR and IGF-1." — where Levonorgestrel and IGF-1 appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2014-09-01
IGF-1; PMID 25533985
Show the evidence
IGF-1PMID 25533985
"Levonorgestrel intrauterine system may inhibit the recurrence and formation of endometrial polyp through lowering the expressions of ER, PR and IGF-1."
recorded 2014-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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