This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Levobupivacaine does in the body
RNAWiki has not recorded what this substance changes in the body.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. It is a prescription or clinician-administered medicine where it is approved.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · A5H73K9U3W · read 2026-08-29
Its recorded molecular formula is C18H28N2O, weighing 288.4.
PubChem record · 92253 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No plain explanation of what this changes is stored.
No recorded use is stored in reader language.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 26 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Biomarker
A biomarker is a number from a test that stands in for something about health.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A biomarker is like a fuel gauge.
Where that stops being true. A gauge is wired to the tank. Many biomarkers are only loosely tied to health.
What people get wrong. A better number is read as a better life. Several medicines improved a number and helped nobody.
A measurable indicator used as a substitute for a clinical outcome of interest.
Placebo
A placebo is a dummy treatment given so the real one can be compared with it.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A placebo is like a blank control in an experiment.
Where that stops being true. A blank does nothing. People given a placebo often do get better.
What people get wrong. A placebo effect is read as imaginary. The improvement is measured and real.
An inactive intervention matched in appearance to the test intervention, used to control for non-specific effects.
Comparator
A comparator is whatever the treatment was measured against.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like the other runner in a race.
Where that stops being true. A race has one winner. A study can show both arms improved.
What people get wrong. Results are read without asking what the other group got. Beating nothing is not beating a treatment.
The control condition against which the experimental intervention is assessed.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02726620
How many people
22435
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Rate of post-operative pneumonia in hospital
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01648777
How many people
1502
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Recurrence
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05707169
How many people
800
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Recurrence free survival at 2 years
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07458204
How many people
760
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Rate of instrumental delivery
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02710877
How many people
671
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
consumption of local anesthetic
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03407209
How many people
462
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
No description of who was studied is recorded.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (11)
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No form or route is recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. It is a prescription or clinician-administered medicine where it is approved.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
A register records the withdrawal of an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing is recorded about product quality.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
The exact form studied is not recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
3 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 3 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 66583-0815 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as powder.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 66583-0815 · read 2026-08-29
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine, withdrawn medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Levobupivacaine studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Levobupivacaine are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
A5H73K9U3W
CAS registry number
27262-47-1
PubChem compound
92253
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1201193
ChEBI
6149
WHO international nonproprietary name list entry
7465
RxNorm concept
259453
EMA substance identifier
100000091982
DrugBank
DB01002
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✗ Not passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries no source: the record holds neither an explanation nor a recorded use.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✓ Passed
Safety mode resolved
A register records the withdrawal of an approval.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
1 approved application covers products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA020997, approved 19990805 to PURDUE PHARMA LP.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
9 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
What was measured, goal by goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
How close this is to real life — found nothing in the sources checked.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
Felt, measured, or meaningful — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (6)
Q1
126 registered trials of Levobupivacaine — at which phases?
Registered studies posting no result
118 of 126
126 registered studies of Levobupivacaine: 57 phase4, 29 na, 20 phase2, 17 phase3, 7 na or unstated, 4 phase1. CLINICALTRIALS_SNAPSHOT · 2026-09-01
683 with a PubMed record
Show the evidence
phase4
57
na
29
phase2
20
phase3
17
na or unstated
7
phase1
4
8 more recorded rows
completed
83
unknown
27
terminated
8
active not recruiting
2
not yet recruiting
2
withdrawn
2
recruiting
1
suspended
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
11 of Levobupivacaine's trials stopped: accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?
"Terminated prior to its planned completion as anticipated by the protocol)."; 11 of 126 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01172197
terminated; "Terminated prior to its planned completion as anticipated by the protocol)."
NCT01994967
withdrawn; "Another regulatory way was defined."
NCT02356640
terminated; "Poor recruitment"
NCT02465008
suspended; "Not recruiting"
NCT02689024
terminated; "recruitment too slow; intervention was standard care in patients who were not included; acute care pathways changed due to policy regarding hip fracture patients"
NCT02710877
terminated; "Stopped funding by Regional Healthcare System."
5 further recorded trials
NCT02728310
terminated; "Terminated"
NCT02728323
terminated; "Terminated"
NCT02796547
withdrawn; "Lack of human ressources"
NCT03456661
terminated; "The surgical approach has changed."
NCT03846102
terminated; "COVID-19 crisis."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
Human studies of Levobupivacaine used 5ml Chirocaine — over how long?
Human studies of Levobupivacaine used "5ml Chirocaine". ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
19 recorded entries; human; also "2.5ml Chirocaine", "chirocaine 0.5%", "Chirocaine, 0.5%, 10 ml, Abbott"
Show the evidence
human
NCT01418183
5ml Chirocaine
NCT01418183
2.5ml Chirocaine
NCT01918917
chirocaine 0.5%
NCT01921361
Chirocaine, 0.5%, 10 ml, Abbott
NCT01960543
Levobupivacaine 7 mg
NCT01960543
Levobupivacaine 9 mg
13 more recorded rows
humanNCT02185716
Levobupivacaine 0.25 %
humanNCT02185716
Levobupivacaine 0.5%
humanNCT02557386
Levobupivacaine 5 mL
humanNCT02557386
Levobupivacaine 10 mL
humanNCT02557386
Levobupivacaine 15 mL
humanNCT02557386
Levobupivacaine 20 mL
humanNCT02557386
Levobupivacaine 25 mL
humanNCT02557386
Levobupivacaine 30 mL
humanNCT02691442
Levobupivacaine 0.5% + epinephrin 1/200000
humanNCT03549221
100 mg Levobupivacaine (0.5%, 20 mL)
humanNCT03825198
Levobupivacaine 0,25%
humanNCT04397484
0.5% Levobupivacaine
humanNCT04773301
Levobupivacaína Altan 7,5 mg/ml solución inyectable y para perfusión E F G
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Which 73 trials of Levobupivacaine posted no result?
Posted no result
73 of 73 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00552864, NCT00437996, NCT00621907, NCT01106001, NCT01199406 and NCT01858090, and 67 more
Completion dates
oldest 2005-06; newest 2024-06-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00552864
2005-06
NCT00437996
2008-01
NCT00621907
2009-05
NCT01106001
2009-09
NCT01199406
2010-01
NCT01858090
2010-01
14 further recorded trials
NCT07285759
2011-02
NCT01675895
2011-07
NCT00830089
2011-12
NCT01184794
2011-12
NCT01921361
2012-01
NCT01929252
2012-08
NCT01918917
2012-12
NCT01974843
2013-01
NCT01989312
2013-02
NCT01991288
2013-07
NCT01602250
2013-08
NCT02725229
2013-12
NCT01701778
2014-01
NCT01938755
2014-01
Q5
At the median, Levobupivacaine's trials enrolled 60.5 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
60.5
Largest enrolment
22435
Registered trials counted
126
Q6
What do 92 spontaneous reports say about Levobupivacaine — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Levobupivacaine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 92 reaction mentions were counted: hypotension 18; mental status changes postoperative 10; metabolic alkalosis 10; unevaluable event 10. FAERS via Open Targets · CHEMBL1200749 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
hypotension
18
mental status changes postoperative
10
metabolic alkalosis
10
unevaluable event
10
confusion postoperative
10
acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis
9
4 more recorded rows
anaphylactic shock
7
motor dysfunction
7
anaesthetic complication
6
cold sweat
5
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL 37 — CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md
✗ required summary fields resolved: 3 required field(s) not terminal: Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 5 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.