This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Leucine 1-C-11 does in the body
Difficulty losing weight or reducing body fat, general weakness, muscle fatigue, dizziness, occasional headache, or irritability
From the FDA-approved label: PERIKABIVEN is used as a supplement or as the sole source of nutrition in patients, providing macronutrients (amino acids, dextrose and lipids) and micronutrients (electrolytes) parenterally. The amino acids provide the structural units that make up proteins and are used to synthesize proteins and other biomolecules or are oxidized to urea and carbon dioxide as a source of energy. The administered dextrose is oxidized to carbon dioxide and water, yielding energy. Intravenously administered lipids provide a biologically utilizable source of calories and essential fatty acids. Fatty acids serve as an important substrate for energy production.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
What the registries record it as
The supplement label database classes it as amino acid, under the name Leucine.
44 registered substances share the start of this name, which is why a search for it can return more than one thing.
FDA substance registry · 02AA4F4VLP · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 128 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Strength
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer4 registered performance measure of this kind.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Muscle
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved3 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Body weight
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved2 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Recovery
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
muscle mass and body composition; skeletal muscle volume; lean mass
Body weight
body composition; muscle mass and body composition
Recovery
muscle soreness
Mood
depressed mood from baseline
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
4 registered performance measure of this kind.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
3 registered test measure.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Fat Mass
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04630977
How many people
3000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Measured performance
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
End-Stage Liver Disease score was calculated using serum total bilirubin, creatinine, international normalized ratio
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02837302
How many people
1470
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Safety Profile of H4:IC31 and BCG Revaccination in HIV-uninfected, Remotely BCG Vaccinated Adolescents.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02075203
How many people
989
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Percentage of Participants With Viral Load of Less Than 400 Copies/Milliliter [Copies/mL] and Less Than 50 Copies/mL of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-1 Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) at Week 48 for Full Analysis Set (FAS) Population
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00098293
How many people
916
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Rate of falling
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03417531
How many people
801
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
All Cohorts Except Cohort 4: Objective Response Rate (ORR) Based on Investigator Assessment (INV)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05498428
How many people
520
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.4 registered measures of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.4 registered measures of this kind.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.8 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
depressed mood from baseline
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
body composition
quadriceps muscle strength
muscle mass and body composition
muscle strength
muscle maximal strength
hemoglobin level
concentration of total plasma ketones
serum atherogenicity
skeletal muscle volume
lean mass
and 2 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (27)
weight
stair time up
hypothesis aim 1
hypotheses aim 2
lean leg mass
skeletal muscle structure
bold signal
muscle edema
muscle soreness
muscle strenght
muscle cross sectional area
myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate
fractional synthesis rate at 12 weeks
mri quadriceps involved leg
mri quadriceps contralateral leg
mri hamstrings involved leg
mri hamstrings contralateral leg
myofibrillar protein fractional synthetic rate
csa quadriceps
qids sr from baseline at 14 days
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
For the temporary relief of difficulty losing weight or reducing body fat, general weakness, muscle fatigue, dizziness, occasional headache, or irritability.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Intravenous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as injection, solution, liquid, injection, emulsion, injection, given by the intravenous, oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Intravenous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
80 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 6 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 43857-0650 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, injection, emulsion, injection, solution, liquid, pellet and powder, taken intravenous and oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 43857-0650 · read 2026-08-29
25 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 1 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · bbed9973-238f-47c5-9a50-ac0869a7eb3a · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · bbed9973-238f-47c5-9a50-ac0869a7eb3a · read 2026-08-29
8106 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as amino acid/protein, other combinations and amino acid.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q1
What did Leucine 1-C-11's largest trial (232 people) and its longest (8.7 years) measure?
232 people in Leucine 1-C-11's largest registered study, 8.7 years in its longest registered window, measuring Concentration of Total Plasma Ketones. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
36 na, 8 phase2, 3 phase1, 1 early phase1, 1 na or unstated, 1 phase3; NCT01208324; 2018-11. Last human test completed 2026, NCT05251207.
These counts include studies where Leucine 1-C-11 was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
36
phase2
8
phase1
3
early phase1
1
na or unstated
1
phase3
1
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT05251207
2026-08-13
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Leucine 1-C-11 shown biomarker?
292 mice; cohorts C2017; cohort rows are the workbook's own printed values; no median, percent change or survival statistic is derived from the per-animal data
Show the evidence
ITP cohortC2017
L-Leucine; 40000; 5.0 months; f, m; ITP_C2017_Lifespan.xlsx
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
3 of Leucine 1-C-11's trials stopped: funding/business, other?
"Difficulty in obtaining the solution from the compounding pharmacies caused a two year delay in start-up; the funding ended prior to study completion."; 3 of 47 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00865514
terminated; "Difficulty in obtaining the solution from the compounding pharmacies caused a two year delay in start-up; the funding ended prior to study completion."
NCT03079297
terminated; "Covid-19"
NCT03557684
terminated; "COVID-19"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Mouse studies of Leucine 1-C-11 used 40,000 ppm — over how long?
Mouse studies of Leucine 1-C-11 used "40,000 ppm". clinicaltrials.gov+jax-mpd-itp · 2026-09-04
4 recorded entries; mouse, human; also "L-Leucine 4g", "3g Leucine", "1.56 g L-Leucine"
Show the evidence
mouseL-Leucine C2017
40,000 ppm
human
NCT00683826
L-Leucine 4g
NCT01890369
3g Leucine
NCT02563847
1.56 g L-Leucine
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Leucine 1-C-11's effect on body composition?
Body composition: measured in Leucine 1-C-11's trials.
Interpretation body composition is the recorded endpoint.
2; NCT00865514; NA; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; TERMINATED
Q7
Which of body composition, bold signal and circulating carnitine metabolites did Leucine 1-C-11's trials measure?
body composition, bold signal and circulating carnitine metabolites lead 40 outcome terms across Leucine 1-C-11's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
quadriceps muscle strength, muscle mass and body composition, hypothesis aim 1, hypotheses aim 2, muscle strength and lean leg mass follow.
Show the evidence
body composition
1
weight
1
stair time up
1
quadriceps muscle strength
1
muscle mass and body composition
1
hypothesis aim 1
1
14 more recorded rows
hypotheses aim 2
1
muscle strength
1
lean leg mass
1
skeletal muscle structure
1
bold signal
1
muscle maximal strength
1
muscle edema
1
muscle soreness
1
muscle strenght
1
muscle cross sectional area
1
myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate
1
fractional synthesis rate at 12 weeks
1
mri quadriceps involved leg
1
mri quadriceps contralateral leg
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Leucine 1-C-11's 3 ongoing trials reports first?
Muscle protein synthesis in response to leucine feeding; Change in Glutamate; latest 2029-12-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT06567665
"Leucine Supplementation Strategies to Enhance Muscle Anabolic Responses in Older Age"; n 10; "Muscle protein synthesis in response to leucine feeding"; 2026-08-05
NCT06580145
"Leucine in Midlife Depression"; n 75; "Change in Glutamate"; 2029-06
NCT06885736
"LEAN Mass Preservation With Resistance Exercise and Protein During Semaglutide/Tirzepatide Therapy"; n 232; "MRI measured quadriceps cross sectional area (CSA)"; 2029-12-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 23 trials of Leucine 1-C-11 posted no result?
Posted no result
23 of 23 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00807508, NCT00643773, NCT00877812, NCT01192009, NCT00929929 and NCT02110602, and 17 more
Completion dates
oldest 2008-12; newest 2024-04-09
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00807508
2008-12
NCT00643773
2010-06
NCT00877812
2010-09
NCT01192009
2013-02
NCT00929929
2013-06
NCT02110602
2014-08
14 further recorded trials
NCT02823249
2015-04
NCT02371278
2015-10
NCT02744443
2016-04
NCT02376309
2017-08
NCT05009654
2018-01-31
NCT05120011
2018-07-07
NCT01846130
2018-12
NCT01922167
2018-12-17
NCT03762278
2019-05-01
NCT03506126
2019-08-31
NCT03831399
2019-10-14
NCT03952884
2019-11-20
NCT07583875
2021-02-11
NCT07781410
2023-06-20
Q10
At the median, Leucine 1-C-11's trials enrolled 32 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
32
Largest enrolment
232
Registered trials counted
47
Q11
Was Leucine 1-C-11 studied with fasting, caloric restriction and exercise?
fasting, caloric restriction and exercise are named in Leucine 1-C-11's label sentences: "Oral melphalan (4.5 +/- 0.5 mg/m2) was given to ten fasting patients with and without a 2-g oral dose of L-leucine on separate randomized occasions at least 1 week apart." openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-02-13
3 recorded statements; fasting, caloric restriction, exercise
Show the evidence
fasting
Oral melphalan (4.5 +/- 0.5 mg/m2) was given to ten fasting patients with and without a 2-g oral dose of L-leucine on separate randomized occasions at least 1 week apart.
caloric restriction
We determined whether l-leucine (Leu) supplementation enhanced resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient (RQ), MF, insulin sensitivity and liver function during caloric restriction (CR). <bold>Methods.</bold> Thirty-seven participants at risk of MetS completed a parallel, double-blind RCT comparing Leu vs placebo during CR.
exercise
Our objective was to evaluate the acute effect of L-leucine supplementation and high-intensity sprint exercise on appetite-controlling neuropeptides and their association with the subjective perception of appetite (SPA), satiety (SPS), food intake, and inflammatory response in overweight participants.
recorded 2026-02-13 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
What is recorded about Leucine 1-C-11 and mTOR?
"Mechanistic involvement of the MAPK/mTOR-autophagy pathway was further validated using L-leucine as a pharmacological activator of mTOR." — where Leucine 1-C-11 and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-07-15
"Mechanistic involvement of the MAPK/mTOR-autophagy pathway was further validated using L-leucine as a pharmacological activator of mTOR."
autophagyPMID 42459050
"Mechanistic involvement of the MAPK/mTOR-autophagy pathway was further validated using L-leucine as a pharmacological activator of mTOR."
mTORPMID 42459050
"Pharmacological activation of mTOR by L-leucine partly abolished the protective effects of NGR1, reversing autophagy activation and restoring inflammatory and oxidative injury."
autophagyPMID 42459050
"Pharmacological activation of mTOR by L-leucine partly abolished the protective effects of NGR1, reversing autophagy activation and restoring inflammatory and oxidative injury."
mTORPMID 41227387
"Furthermore, the mTOR inhibitor rapamycin synergized with butyrate priming, whereas the mTOR activator L-leucine counteracted enhanced antimicrobial activity."
autophagyPMID 42178909
"Finally, we detail the emerging roles of these pathways in physiology and disease.<b>Abbreviations</b>: Aβ, amyloid-β; Acb1, acyl-coA-binding 1; ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; APP, amyloid beta precursor protein; APEX2, ascorbate peroxidase; ATG, autophagy related; AWOL, autophagosome-mediated exit without lysis; BafA1, bafilomycin A<sub>1</sub>; BirA*, mutant BirA biotin ligase; BMI,…"
2 more recorded rows
AMPKPMID 36860449
"Additionally, the proteins expression related with the activation of the AMPK pathway (p-Ampk, Ampk, p-Ampk/Ampk, and Sirt1) and the expression of genes (myogenin (<i>myog</i>), myogenic regulatory factor 4 (<i>mrf4</i>) and myoblast determination protein (<i>myod</i>), and protein (Pax7) related to muscle fiber formation were significantly upregulated with increasing level of dietary leucine.…"
sirtuinPMID 36860449
"Additionally, the proteins expression related with the activation of the AMPK pathway (p-Ampk, Ampk, p-Ampk/Ampk, and Sirt1) and the expression of genes (myogenin (<i>myog</i>), myogenic regulatory factor 4 (<i>mrf4</i>) and myoblast determination protein (<i>myod</i>), and protein (Pax7) related to muscle fiber formation were significantly upregulated with increasing level of dietary leucine.…"
AMPK
PMID 39675352
"Our work provided key insights on the importance of lysosomes in PTECs homeostasis and lipotoxicity and demonstrated the potential of AMPK in protecting the organelle from lipid stress.<b>Abbreviation</b>: ACAC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; ACTB: actin beta; AICAR: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide-1-β-D-ribofuranoside; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; APQ1: aquaporin 1 (Colton blood group); BSA:…"
PMID 32597364
"AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; APEX2: engineered ascorbate peroxidase 2; ATG13: autophagy related 13; ATG16L1: autophagy related 16 like 1; BMMs: bone marrow-derived macrophages; CAMKK2: calcium/calmodulin dependent protein kinase kinase 2; DUB: deubiquitinase; GPN: glycyl-L-phenylalanine 2-naphthylamide; LLOMe: L-leucyl-L-leucine methyl ester; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1…"
recorded 2026-07-15 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · NIA ITP via the JAX Mouse Phenome Database · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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