This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Ketoprofen does in the body
The signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis
From the FDA-approved label: Ketoprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with analgesic and antipyretic properties. The anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties of ketoprofen have been demonstrated in classical animal and in vitro test systems. In anti-inflammatory models ketoprofen has been shown to have inhibitory effects on prostaglandin and leukotriene synthesis, to have antibradykinin activity, as well as to have lysosomal membrane-stabilizing action. However, its mode of action, like that of other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, is not fully understood. Pharmacodynamics Ketoprofen is a racemate with only the S enantiomer possessing pharmacological activity.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 90Y4QC304K · read 2026-08-29
Its recorded molecular formula is C16H14O3, weighing 254.29.
US prescribing information · 198a4140-f4c0-4478-9157-ee1d68d0bb96 · read 2026-09-12
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 113 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 20 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer8 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Pain
visual analogue scale for leg pain in 3 groups; reduction in daily genital pain; pain on visual analogue scale from baseline; pain during the procedure; pain during iud insertion; postoperative pain; pain scores; pain relief
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
8 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
pain subscale of the WOMAC
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00716547
How many people
1399
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Mortality rate
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05925140
How many people
1000
Study design
Phase 1
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The development of a photocontact allergic skin response to sunscreen filters and topical NSAIDs, as graded by the ICDRG scale.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00530387
How many people
1000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The TOTPAR15-120 which is the sum of each pain relief scale score
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00929877
How many people
801
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The primary outcome measure is the change from baseline in the Visual Analog Scale score for the average pain during the previous 24 hours.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00488267
How many people
679
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Maximum intensity of postoperative pain
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02400047
How many people
580
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.8 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.3 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
visual analogue scale for leg pain in 3 groups
reduction in daily genital pain
pain on visual analogue scale from baseline
pain during the procedure
pain during iud insertion
postoperative pain
pain scores
pain relief
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
heart rate
systolic blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (9)
changes in laboratory values
physical exam
vital signs
flurbiprofen clearance
tolbutamide clearance
postoperative intravenous opioid dose
visual analogue scale
oxygen saturation
safety and adverse events
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 2.05 ± 0.58 h hours
Read from the label, which states: “The elimination half-life of ketoprofen has been reported to be 2.05 ± 0.58 h (Mean ± S.D.) following IV administration from 2 to 4 hours following administration of ketoprofen capsules.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Carefully consider the potential benefits and risks of ketoprofen extended-release capsules before deciding to use ketoprofen extended-release capsules. Use the lowest effective dose for the shortest duration consistent with individual patient treatment goals (see WARNINGS ). Ketoprofen extended-release capsules are indicated for the management of the signs and symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 18 have not been established.”
US prescribing information · 492de5dc-7c1b-47be-8510-43be4e1fd4ed · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “As with any NSAIDs, caution should be exercised in treating the elderly (65 years and older).”
US prescribing information · 492de5dc-7c1b-47be-8510-43be4e1fd4ed · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Use of NSAIDs, including ketoprofen capsules, can cause premature closure of the fetal ductus arteriosus and fetal renal dysfunction leading to oligohydramnios and, in some cases, neonatal renal impairment.”
US prescribing information · 492de5dc-7c1b-47be-8510-43be4e1fd4ed · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk.”
US prescribing information · 492de5dc-7c1b-47be-8510-43be4e1fd4ed · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S3, S6.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as capsule, capsule, extended release, tablet, film, given by the oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
30 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 30 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 62991-3198 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as capsule, capsule, extended release and powder, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 62991-3198 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is anti-inflammatory agents, cyclooxygenase inhibitors [moa] and non-steroidal [cs].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 62991-3198 · read 2026-08-29
5 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 5 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 47d0b808-7142-c7a9-e063-6394a90a6e0d · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 47d0b808-7142-c7a9-e063-6394a90a6e0d · read 2026-08-29
Ketoprofen is oral at HOW SUPPLIED Ketoprofen capsules USP are available as follows: 50 mg: Light green color cap and body, size “1” imprinted with “KETO 50” on cap with an edible blue ink and containing white to off-white crystalline powder…, recorded as fda label in effect 2026-03-11 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 492de5dc-7c1b-47be-8510-43be4e1fd4ed · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Ketoprofen studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Ketoprofen are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
How many documents were read
5 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
4 of them state the same halfLife, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
90Y4QC304K
RxNorm concept
197856
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✓ Passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Written into the record, not signed off.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✓ Passed
Safety mode resolved
Suppression classes recorded: S3, S6.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
15 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA018754, approved 19860109 to WYETH AYERST.
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5 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (11)
Q2
What did Ketoprofen's largest trial (875 people) and its longest (8 years) measure?
875 people in Ketoprofen's largest registered study, 8 years in its longest registered window, measuring Change from baseline at Week 12 on pain subscale and physical function subscale on the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. Subject global assessment of response to therapy (SGART) on a five-point Likert… ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
16 phase4, 12 phase3, 10 phase2, 3 na, 3 na or unstated, 2 phase1; NCT02257970; 2017-03; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2025, NCT07315698.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Ketoprofen was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
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phase4
16
phase3
12
phase2
10
na
3
na or unstated
3
phase1
2
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT07315698
2025-08-22
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Ketoprofen shown healthspan?
Change from baseline at Week 12 on pain subscale and physical function subscale on the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. Subject global assessment of response to… — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
mouse
mechanism-only
humanNCT00211549
healthspan; Change from baseline at Week 12 on pain subscale and physical function subscale on the WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index. Subject global assessment of response to therapy (SGART) on a five-point Likert scale at Week 12.; 44
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
5 of Ketoprofen's trials stopped: futility/efficacy, accrual/recruitment, other?
futility/efficacy (1), accrual/recruitment (2) and other (2): Ketoprofen's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Recruitment challenges despite several attenpts to increase enrollment"; 5 of 44 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00799838
terminated; "Recruitment challenges despite several attenpts to increase enrollment"
NCT01882530
terminated; "Practice on postoperative pain management changed"
NCT03783715
terminated; "Study was halted due to Covid-19 pandemic and unavailability of ketoprofen."
NCT04726592
terminated; "It has been determined that continuing with enrollments in this study is no longer justified due to the lack of significant impact on the expected outcomes."
NCT05062083
terminated; "due to futility"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Ketoprofen used Ketoprofen 100mg — over how long?
4 recorded entries; human; orally; also "Ketoprofen 100mg", "ketoprofen 100 mg", "2.5%ketoprofen gel + 3 % doxycycline"
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human
NCT00553605
Ketoprofen 100mg
NCT00810121
ketoprofen 100 mg
NCT02538224
2.5%ketoprofen gel + 3 % doxycycline
NCT07315698
orally; Ketoprofen 100mg orally
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Ketoprofen's half-life is 2.05 ± 0.58 h hours — which schedules were studied?
2.05 ± 0.58 h hours, the half-life Ketoprofen's label states. openfda-label · 4e7bceb6-dcb5-c5e0-e063-6294a90a101e · 2026-08-30
Show the evidence
half life
2.05 ± 0.58 h hours; The elimination half-life of ketoprofen has been reported to be 2.05 ± 0.58 h (Mean ± S.D.) following IV administration from 2 to 4 hours following administration of ketoprofen capsules.
bioavailability
When ketoprofen is administered with food, its total bioavailability (AUC) is not altered; however, the rate of absorption is slowed.
metabolism
KETOPROFEN PLASMA CONCENTRATIONS IN SUBJECTS RECEIVING Ketoprofen Capsules, USP 50 MG EVERY 4 HOURS FOR 16 HOURS Metabolism The metabolic fate of ketoprofen is glucuronide conjugation to form an unstable acyl-glucuronide.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of changes in laboratory values, diastolic blood pressure and flurbiprofen clearance did Ketoprofen's trials measure?
changes in laboratory values, diastolic blood pressure and flurbiprofen clearance lead 20 outcome terms across Ketoprofen's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
flurbiprofen clearance, tolbutamide clearance, visual analogue scale for leg pain in 3 groups, reduction in daily genital pain, postoperative intravenous opioid dose and visual analogue scale follow.
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changes in laboratory values
1
physical exam
1
vital signs
1
flurbiprofen clearance
1
tolbutamide clearance
1
visual analogue scale for leg pain in 3 groups
1
14 more recorded rows
reduction in daily genital pain
1
postoperative intravenous opioid dose
1
visual analogue scale
1
pain on visual analogue scale from baseline
1
heart rate
1
oxygen saturation
1
systolic blood pressure
1
diastolic blood pressure
1
pain during the procedure
1
pain during iud insertion
1
postoperative pain
1
pain scores
1
pain relief
1
safety and adverse events
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Ketoprofen's 4 ongoing trials reports first?
reduction in pain intensity during chest physiotherapy at 24 hours from the end of surgery; duration of pleural drainage; latest 2031-07-31
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Trial
NCT06381063
"Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory in Cardiac Surgery"; n 238; "reduction in pain intensity during chest physiotherapy at 24 hours from the end of surgery"; 2027-07
NCT06731647
"Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Pleurodesis"; n 358; "duration of pleural drainage"; 2028-11
NCT06912763
"Reversing External-beam Radiotherapy-associated Fibrosis Syndrome: an Interventional Bayesian Adaptive Randomized-controlled Orphan Drug Platform Trial for Orodental Sequelae (Reverse-fibrose)"; n 250; "Safety and adverse events"; 2031-07-31
NCT07319728
"Novel Transdermal Ketoprofen Gel Formulation for Knee Osteoarthritis"; n 40; "Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)"; 2026-02
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 23 trials of Ketoprofen posted no result?
Posted no result
23 of 23 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00188071, NCT00316784, NCT00372333, NCT00647231, NCT00810121 and NCT01020279, and 17 more
Completion dates
oldest 2003-08; newest 2019-08-30
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00188071
2003-08
NCT00316784
2006-05
NCT00372333
2008-04
NCT00647231
2008-08
NCT00810121
2009-06
NCT01020279
2010-01
14 further recorded trials
NCT00929877
2010-04
NCT02238340
2012-09
NCT02638831
2013-11
NCT01061112
2014-06
NCT02538224
2014-06
NCT02840526
2014-12
NCT02393846
2015-06
NCT01816334
2016-01
NCT02439034
2016-10
NCT02248493
2017-03
NCT02730026
2017-03
NCT02905058
2017-07
NCT02905045
2017-11
NCT02804126
2018-07-31
Q10
At the median, Ketoprofen's trials enrolled 100 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
100
Largest enrolment
875
Registered trials counted
44
Q11
Was Ketoprofen studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Ketoprofen's label sentences: "One hundred and sixty eight healthy individuals with a pain score ≥ 3 (10-point scale) 12-16 h post-exercise (walking down stairs with an altitude of 300-400 m) were randomised to receive IDEA-033 plus oral placebo (two dose groups), oral ketoprofen plus TDT 064, or TDT 064 plus oral placebo." openfda-label+europepmc · 2015-04-20
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
One hundred and sixty eight healthy individuals with a pain score ≥ 3 (10-point scale) 12-16 h post-exercise (walking down stairs with an altitude of 300-400 m) were randomised to receive IDEA-033 plus oral placebo (two dose groups), oral ketoprofen plus TDT 064, or TDT 064 plus oral placebo.
recorded 2015-04-20 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
What is recorded about Ketoprofen and autophagy?
"Treating the MADA-MB-231 cell line with Ketoprofen had an inhibitory effect on autophagy markers in this cell line." — where Ketoprofen and autophagy appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2022-10-29
autophagy, mTOR; PMID 36309613, 32860758
Show the evidence
autophagy
PMID 36309613
"Treating the MADA-MB-231 cell line with Ketoprofen had an inhibitory effect on autophagy markers in this cell line."
PMID 36309613
"The outcomes of this study uncovered the anti-TNBC activity of Ketoprofen by inducing apoptosis and inhibiting viability and autophagy in MADA-MB-231 cells."
mTORPMID 32860758
"In conclusion, the current study demonstrates, for the first time, that morin shows a promise for the management of ketoprofen-induced mucosal insult through targeting of HMGB1/RAGE/NF-κB, DJ-1/Nrf2/HO-1 and PI3K/mTOR pathways."
recorded 2022-10-29 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 10 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
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