This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Isoprenaline does in the body
Hemodynamic status
From the FDA-approved label: Isoproterenol is a potent nonselective beta-adrenergic agonist with very low affinity for alpha-adrenergic receptors.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
Its recorded molecular formula is C11H17NO3·HCl, weighing 247.72.
US prescribing information · 3e4050e8-7d94-4ed7-951d-1ff818ddadf1 · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 33 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 33 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Mood
anxiety
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
1 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02726620
How many people
22435
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Procedural success rate
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03042078
How many people
3060
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Rate of Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) at hospital arrival
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06473116
How many people
1178
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
ventilator-free days
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05658692
How many people
1000
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Presence of rhythmic risk markers bye the questionnaire
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04936503
How many people
984
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmia
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06929897
How many people
482
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.2 registered measures of this kind. No reviewed result.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.8 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
anxiety
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
ec50 in response to rising concentration of isoproterenol
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
tumor burden and tumor free survival
survival
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (22)
renal pelvic pressure
pelvic pressure
an increase in bis readings during steady state
bis change
cardiac beta receptor sensitivity
cardiorespiratory sensation intensity
alpha 1 ab titer positive
autoantibody levels
postoperative acute kidney injury
sensation intensity
freedom from any atrial arrhythmias
forearm vascular conductance intra arterial drug infusion
ventilator free days
forearm blood flow
forearm vascular resistance
forearm vascular conductance
muscle sympathetic nerve activity
magnitude of forearm blood flow
sinus rhythm
immune cell enumeration and phenotyping
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Isoproterenol hydrochloride injection is indicated: • To improve hemodynamic status in patients in distributive shock and shock due to reduced cardiac output • For bronchospasm occurring during anesthesia INDICATIONS AND USAGE Isoproterenol hydrochloride injection is a beta-adrenergic agonist indicated: • To improve hemodynamic status in patients in distributive shock and shock due to reduced cardiac output ( 1 ) •…
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Safety and efficacy of isoproterenol in pediatric patients have not been established.”
US prescribing information · 3e4050e8-7d94-4ed7-951d-1ff818ddadf1 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Clinical studies of isoproterenol hydrochloride did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently from younger subjects in clinical circumstances.”
US prescribing information · 3e4050e8-7d94-4ed7-951d-1ff818ddadf1 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Prolonged experience with isoproterenol use in pregnant women over several decades, based on published literature, do not identify a drug associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.”
US prescribing information · 3e4050e8-7d94-4ed7-951d-1ff818ddadf1 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of isoproterenol in milk or the effects of isoproterenol on the breastfed infant or on milk production.”
US prescribing information · 3e4050e8-7d94-4ed7-951d-1ff818ddadf1 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Injection
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as injectable, aerosol, metered, powder, solution, given by the injection, inhalation, rectal, sublingual route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Injection
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
35 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 35 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 0548-9502 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, injection, solution and powder, taken intracardiac, intramuscular, intravenous and subcutaneous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 0548-9502 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is adrenergic beta-agonists [moa] and beta-adrenergic agonist [epc].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 0548-9502 · read 2026-08-29
14 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 14 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 3e4050e8-7d94-4ed7-951d-1ff818ddadf1 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 3e4050e8-7d94-4ed7-951d-1ff818ddadf1 · read 2026-08-29
Isoproterenol Hydrochloride is intracardiac at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injection solution: single-dose, clear glass ampules containing isoproterenol in a clear, colorless solution; 1 mL containing 0.2 mg/1 mL (0.2 mg/mL) 5 mL containing 1 mg/5 mL (0.2 mg/mL) In…, recorded as fda label in effect 2025-12-16 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 3e4050e8-7d94-4ed7-951d-1ff818ddadf1 · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Isoprenaline studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How much did people take in the studies?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. A result belongs to an amount. Without the amount the result floats free.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Isoprenaline are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people∅Nothing found in the sources checked
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No traced study record is stored for this substance.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✓ Passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Written into the record, not signed off.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✗ Not passed
Safety mode resolved
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
40 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA006328, approved 19480219 to SANOFI AVENTIS US.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (9)
Q1
What did Isoprenaline's largest trial (22435 people) and its longest (15 years) measure?
22435 people in Isoprenaline's largest registered study, 15 years in its longest registered window, measuring Mean Ec50% in response to rising concentration of isoproterenol. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
7 na, 3 early phase1, 3 phase2, 3 phase4, 2 na or unstated, 1 phase3; NCT02673996; 2030-12-31. Last human test completed 2025, NCT06553391.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Isoprenaline was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
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na
7
early phase1
3
phase2
3
phase4
3
na or unstated
2
phase3
1
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT06553391
2025-05-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Isoprenaline shown lifespan?
Mean Ec50% in response to rising concentration of isoproterenol — the recorded outcome words.
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mouse
lifespan
rat
lifespan
humanNCT00226551
biomarker; Mean Ec50% in response to rising concentration of isoproterenol; 18
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
Could one person measure Isoprenaline's effect on ec50 in response to rising concentration of isoproterenol?
Ec50 in response to rising concentration of isoproterenol: measured in Isoprenaline's trials.
ec50 in response to rising concentration of isoproterenol is the recorded endpoint.
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biomarkers
ec50 in response to rising concentration of isoproterenol; 2026-09-01
renal pelvic pressure; 2026-09-01
pelvic pressure; 2026-09-01
an increase in bis readings during steady state; 2026-09-01
bis change; 2026-09-01
cardiac beta receptor sensitivity; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
central command regulation of heart rate; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
cardiorespiratory sensation intensity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
alpha 1 ab titer positive; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
autoantibody levels; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
blood pressure after phenylephrine boluses; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
heart rate after isoproterenol boluses; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
orthostatic change in heart rate; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
postoperative acute kidney injury; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
anxiety; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
sensation intensity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
freedom from any atrial arrhythmias; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
forearm vascular conductance intra arterial drug infusion; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
ventilator free days; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
forearm blood flow; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
5
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
10; NCT00323843; PHASE2; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; UNKNOWN
Q4
Which of alpha 1 ab titer positive, an increase in bis readings during steady state and anxiety did Isoprenaline's trials measure?
alpha 1 ab titer positive, an increase in bis readings during steady state and anxiety lead 33 outcome terms across Isoprenaline's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
an increase in bis readings during steady state, bis change, cardiac beta receptor sensitivity, central command regulation of heart rate, cardiorespiratory sensation intensity and alpha 1 ab titer positive follow.
Show the evidence
ec50 in response to rising concentration of isoproterenol
1
renal pelvic pressure
1
pelvic pressure
1
an increase in bis readings during steady state
1
bis change
1
cardiac beta receptor sensitivity
1
14 more recorded rows
central command regulation of heart rate
1
cardiorespiratory sensation intensity
1
alpha 1 ab titer positive
1
autoantibody levels
1
blood pressure after phenylephrine boluses
1
heart rate after isoproterenol boluses
1
orthostatic change in heart rate
1
postoperative acute kidney injury
1
anxiety
1
sensation intensity
1
freedom from any atrial arrhythmias
1
forearm vascular conductance intra arterial drug infusion
1
ventilator free days
1
forearm blood flow
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Which of Isoprenaline's 7 ongoing trials reports first?
The proportion of alpha-1 Ab titer positive subjects; Autoantibody levels; latest 2031-05-31
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Trial
NCT02673996
"POTS Adrenergic Ab (CIHR Aims #1&2)"; n 125; "The proportion of alpha-1 Ab titer positive subjects"; 2030-12-31
NCT02725060
"Autoimmune Basis for Postural Tachycardia Syndrome"; n 58; "Autoantibody levels"; 2026-12
NCT05219799
"Sex Disparities in Hypoxic Vasodilation and Impact of Obesity"; n 72; "Change in forearm vascular conductance with intra-arterial drug infusion"; 2027-07-30
NCT05997732
"Sympathetic Neurovascular Transduction: Role of Adrenergic Receptors and Sex Differences"; n 30; "Forearm blood flow"; 2027-12-01
NCT06473116
"Epinephrine Versus Isoprenaline During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Asystole"; n 1178; "Rate of Return of Spontaneous Circulation (ROSC) at hospital arrival"; 2029-07
NCT06520982
"Early Neurovascular Adaptations in Aging Women"; n 64; "Magnitude of forearm blood flow"; 2028-06-30
1 further recorded trialNCT06643221
"Exercise as an Immune Adjuvant for Allogeneic Cell Therapies"; n 200; "Immune Cell Enumeration and Phenotyping"; 2031-05-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Which 2 trials of Isoprenaline posted no result?
Posted no result
2 of 2 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00428428 and NCT02615119
Completion dates
oldest 2007-11; newest 2023-06
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Trial
NCT00428428
2007-11
NCT02615119
2023-06
Q7
At the median, Isoprenaline's trials enrolled 84.5 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
84.5
Largest enrolment
22435
Registered trials counted
18
Q8
Was Isoprenaline studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Isoprenaline's label sentences: "This additional rightward shift after 2 weeks of xamoterol was not affected by ketotifen (mean difference (95% CI) of log transformed dose ratios between placebo and ketotifen: exercise tachycardia 0.001 (-0.03; 0.04); isoprenaline tachycardia 0.03 (-0.15; 0.21); isoprenaline induced shortening of…" openfda-label+europepmc · 1999-01-01
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
This additional rightward shift after 2 weeks of xamoterol was not affected by ketotifen (mean difference (95% CI) of log transformed dose ratios between placebo and ketotifen: exercise tachycardia 0.001 (-0.03; 0.04); isoprenaline tachycardia 0.03 (-0.15; 0.21); isoprenaline induced shortening of QS2c 0.13 (-0.22; 0.48)).
recorded 1999-01-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
What is recorded about Isoprenaline and autophagy?
"This study revealed that the modulation of the JNK/c-Jun/Beclin-1/Bcl-2 pathway by l-theanine ameliorates isoprenaline-induced HF via the regulation of autophagic and inflammatory pathways." — where Isoprenaline and autophagy appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-07-06
"This study revealed that the modulation of the JNK/c-Jun/Beclin-1/Bcl-2 pathway by l-theanine ameliorates isoprenaline-induced HF via the regulation of autophagic and inflammatory pathways."
sirtuinPMID 36440960
"Activating Flt3 reversed isoprenaline-induced autophagosome accumulation and impairment of autophagic flux probably by enhancing SIRT1 expression and consequently TFEB nuclear translocation."
autophagyPMID 36440960
"Activating Flt3 reversed isoprenaline-induced autophagosome accumulation and impairment of autophagic flux probably by enhancing SIRT1 expression and consequently TFEB nuclear translocation."
sirtuin
PMID 36440960
"Flt3 activation improved the imbalance of mitochondrial dynamics induced by isoprenaline in NRCMs through the SIRT1/P53 pathway."
PMID 36440960
"Therefore, activation of Flt3 attenuates isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro, the potential mechanism probably attributes to SIRT1/TFEB-mediated autophagy promotion and SIRT1/P53-mediated mitochondrial dynamics balance."
autophagyPMID 36440960
"Therefore, activation of Flt3 attenuates isoprenaline-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo and in vitro, the potential mechanism probably attributes to SIRT1/TFEB-mediated autophagy promotion and SIRT1/P53-mediated mitochondrial dynamics balance."
mTORPMID 31005723
"We hypothesized that Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CS), a major component of Saponins from Panaxjaponicus, may improve isoprenaline induced myocardial fibrosis via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 mediated autophagy METHODS: Continuous subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol for 21 days was used to induce myocardial fibrosis in mice and high and low doses (15 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) of CS was administered by oral gavage to…"
AMPKPMID 31005723
"We hypothesized that Chikusetsusaponin IVa (CS), a major component of Saponins from Panaxjaponicus, may improve isoprenaline induced myocardial fibrosis via AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 mediated autophagy METHODS: Continuous subcutaneous injection of isoproterenol for 21 days was used to induce myocardial fibrosis in mice and high and low doses (15 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg) of CS was administered by oral gavage to…"
mTORPMID 31005723
"Our data demonstrated that CS attenuated isoprenaline-induced myocardial fibrosis by activating autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway."
AMPK
PMID 31005723
"Our data demonstrated that CS attenuated isoprenaline-induced myocardial fibrosis by activating autophagy through AMPK/mTOR/ULK1 pathway."
PMID 37298222
"In this study, adult C57BL/6J mice and their AMP-activated protein kinase α2 knockout (AMPKα2<sup>-/-</sup>) littermates were either subjected to 6 weeks of exercise training or housed under sedentary conditions and then treated with or without a single subcutaneous injection of the β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) agonist isoprenaline (ISO)."
mTORPMID 35904584
"In the present work, we provide the first evidence that glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), an enzyme that catalyzes conversion of glutamate into ɑ-ketoglutarate (AKG), participates in isoprenaline (ISO)-induced cardiac hypertrophy through activating mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling."
recorded 2026-07-06 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
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