This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Insulin glargine does in the body
Once-daily background insulin for type 1 and type 2 diabetes
Ordinary insulin dissolves the moment it is injected, so it works fast and is gone in hours. Glargine is human insulin with two tiny chemical changes that make it insoluble at the pH of your body but soluble in the acidic liquid in the pen. When it hits the tissue under your skin it falls out of solution into a microscopic pile, and that pile then redissolves grain by grain over roughly a day. The insulin itself is unchanged; only the speed at which it becomes available has been re-engineered.
What happened in people
Same 24-week HbA1c as NPH insulin: 6.96% versus 6.97% in 756 patients
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The recorded finding that sits closest to something a person would notice. Written into the record, not signed off, and it carries no population or interval.
ORIGIN trial registration (NCT00069784) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The limit that matters most
That the trial hypoglycaemia advantage carries into usual care — a 25,489-patient cohort found an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.16, not below 1
Where it acts
Subcutaneous depot, then insulin receptors on liver, muscle and fat cells
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as protein.
FDA substance registry · 2ZM8CX04RZ · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
A limit recorded against this substance. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The four opening statements run to 116 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Confidence interval
A confidence interval is the range the true answer is likely to sit in.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like a weather forecast giving a range rather than one number.
Where that stops being true. A forecast range covers tomorrow. This one covers what the study could resolve.
What people get wrong. The middle number is read as the answer. A range crossing zero means no change is still possible.
An interval estimate that would contain the true parameter in a stated proportion of repeated studies.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved11 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Body weight
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved3 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Healthy ageing
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Blood sugar
rate of type 1 diabetes per year; hba1c; hba1c from baseline to week 16; effect on change in average daily insulin dose; blood glucose level during study period; 24 hour blood glucose levels; insulin doses; total daily insulin dose
Body weight
body weight; body weight/body mass index; who achieved hba1c 7 4 minimal weight gain
Healthy ageing
mortality in the intensive care
Cholesterol
fasting blood lipid profile
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
11 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke or death from cardiovascular causes
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
ORIGIN (NCT00069784)
How many people
12537
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
p = 0.63 (hazard ratio 1.02, 95% CI 0.94-1.11)
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Severe hypoglycaemia 1.00 versus 0.31 per 100 person-years and a 2.1 kg median weight divergence are reported in the paper but rarely quoted alongside the neutral headline.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Subcutaneous injection, prefilled pen or 10 mL multiple-dose vial
Interval reported. 95% CI 0
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
RNAWiki holds 2 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.1 registered measure of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.20 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it changes in the body◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
The path through the body
From what a person takes to what changes. A solid line is a step measured in people. A dashed line is a step nobody has measured that way.
Where a source records it acting
Muscle: Lowers blood glucose by stimulating peripheral glucose uptake, especially by skeletal muscle and fat
US prescribing information · 0ad21db3-2b1c-4ed9-a687-bdd6a74d0aae · read 2026-08-27
Liver: Lowers blood glucose by inhibiting hepatic glucose production
US prescribing information · 0ad21db3-2b1c-4ed9-a687-bdd6a74d0aae · read 2026-08-27
Start
Insulin glargine
What a person takes: Subcutaneous injection, prefilled pen or 10 mL multiple-dose vial.
The measurement behind this step
Clear, colourless solution at 100 units/mL, given once daily at the same time each day. Must not be diluted or mixed in a syringe with any other insulin, because doing so destroys the pH-dependent precipitation the whole design depends on.
Getting in
Injected as a clear acidic solution
The pen holds a clear liquid, not the cloudy suspension older long-acting insulins used. It is acidic, which is the only reason the insulin stays dissolved in the cartridge.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Formulated at pH 4. The two added B-chain arginines raise the isoelectric point of the molecule from about 5.4 to close to physiological pH, so it is fully soluble in the acidic vehicle and metastable at pH 7.4.
ORIGIN trial registration (NCT00069784) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Getting in
Precipitates into a microscopic depot under the skin
The moment it meets the neutral fluid of your tissue, it stops being soluble and settles into a tiny amorphous pile that then dissolves back very slowly.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Neutralisation in subcutaneous tissue drives the molecule through its isoelectric point, forming amorphous microprecipitates. Redissolution from the precipitate is the rate-limiting step for absorption, producing a relatively peakless profile over roughly 24 hours.
ORIGIN trial registration (NCT00069784) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Reaching the cell
Enters the circulation as glargine and two active metabolites
Enzymes in the tissue trim the two extra building blocks off the end, and what actually circulates is mostly a shortened form that behaves like ordinary human insulin.
──Measured in people. Written by a person from the study named beside the step. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The measurement behind this step
Carboxypeptidase-mediated cleavage of the two B-chain arginines generates the M1 (21A-Gly-insulin) and M2 metabolites. M1 accounts for the majority of measurable exposure and has human-insulin-like receptor binding, which is the pharmacological reason the in vitro IGF-1 receptor affinity of the parent molecule did not produce a clinical mitogenic signal.
ORIGIN trial registration (NCT00069784) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What it acts on
Binds the insulin receptor on liver, muscle and fat
It docks onto the same receptor that your own insulin uses, on the surface of liver, muscle and fat cells.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Binding to the alpha subunits of the insulin receptor triggers trans-autophosphorylation of the beta-subunit tyrosine kinase domains, recruiting IRS-1 and IRS-2 and activating PI3K and Akt.
ORIGIN trial registration (NCT00069784) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The change it makes
Shuts down liver glucose output and opens muscle glucose uptake
Two things happen at once: the liver stops pouring stored sugar into the blood, and muscle and fat start taking sugar out of it.
──Measured in people. Written by a person from the study named beside the step. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The measurement behind this step
Akt phosphorylates FOXO1 and suppresses transcription of PEPCK and glucose-6-phosphatase, cutting hepatic gluconeogenesis. In muscle and adipose tissue AS160 phosphorylation releases GLUT4-containing vesicles to the plasma membrane. Lipolysis and ketogenesis are simultaneously suppressed.
ORIGIN trial registration (NCT00069784) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What that does for a person
Fasting and overnight glucose held flat for about a day
The practical result is a stable overnight and between-meal blood sugar from one injection, which is what a background insulin is for.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Steady-state basal insulinaemia suppresses overnight hepatic glucose production. The trade-off measured in ORIGIN is roughly a threefold increase in severe hypoglycaemia and about 2 kg of weight relative to standard care.
ORIGIN trial registration (NCT00069784) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
No suggested links are held for this record, so nothing is hidden from this path.
What we know
The record describes 6 steps from taking it to an effect in a person.
How we know it
Each step names the study behind it in the technical detail beside it.
What this does not prove
A change inside the body is a reason to look. It is not a result in a person.
Why it matters
A reader can see exactly where the chain stops being measured in people.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim binds any of these steps to a named population.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
glycosylated hemoglobin
hba1c
hba1c from baseline to week 16
effect on change in average daily insulin dose
body weight
blood glucose level during study period
24 hour blood glucose levels
insulin doses
body weight/body mass index
urine albumin
and 10 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
mortality in the intensive care
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (19)
rate of type 1 diabetes per year
primary major macrovascular events
beta cell function after 52 weeks of therapy
safety
lesion volume expansion at 1 week
newborn birth weight
time within range during protocol
symptomatic hypoglycemia
severe hypoglycemia
self monitored bg values
fasting blood lipid profile
variation in morning fpg
who experienced a primary combined outcome
beta cell function c peptide auc
occurrence of adverse events
satisfaction
adverse events
a1c values
glycemic control
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Everyone with type 1 diabetes needs a basal insulin. In type 2 diabetes it is started when oral agents and injectable non-insulin drugs no longer reach the target. Insulin has been in clinical use since 1922.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness of LANTUS to improve glycemic control in pediatric patients with diabetes mellitus have been established.”
US prescribing information · d5e07a0c-7e14-4756-9152-9fea485d654a · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Of the total number of subjects in controlled clinical studies of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who were treated with LANTUS, 15% (n=316) were ≥65 years of age and 2% (n=42) were ≥75 years of age.”
US prescribing information · d5e07a0c-7e14-4756-9152-9fea485d654a · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Published studies with use of insulin glargine during pregnancy have not reported a clear association with insulin glargine and adverse developmental outcomes (see Data ) .”
US prescribing information · d5e07a0c-7e14-4756-9152-9fea485d654a · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There are either no or only limited data on the presence of insulin glargine in human milk, the effects on breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · d5e07a0c-7e14-4756-9152-9fea485d654a · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “The effect of hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of LANTUS has not been studied.”
US prescribing information · d5e07a0c-7e14-4756-9152-9fea485d654a · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “The effect of kidney impairment on the pharmacokinetics of LANTUS has not been studied.”
US prescribing information · d5e07a0c-7e14-4756-9152-9fea485d654a · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
The cardiovascular hypothesis behind ORIGIN failed on both coprimary outcomes
The 2009 observational cancer signal failed to replicate under randomisation and was retired
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Given by a clinician
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Subcutaneous injection, prefilled pen or 10 mL multiple-dose vial
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S9.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Clear, colourless solution at 100 units/mL, given once daily at the same time each day. Must not be diluted or mixed in a syringe with any other insulin, because doing so destroys the pH-dependent precipitation the whole design depends on.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
·Worth asking a clinician aboutWritten into the record from the studies named on this page
Hypoglycaemia is the dose-limiting toxicity and can be fatal. Weight gain, injection-site reactions, lipodystrophy and hypokalaemia are the other label risks. Severe hypoglycaemia ran at 1.00 per 100 person-years in ORIGIN versus 0.31 on standard care.
Nobody counted how many people took this and were fine, so this cannot be turned into a rate.
ORIGIN trial registration (NCT00069784) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Insulin glargine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 10452 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
hypoglycaemia — 3628 reaction mentions
blood glucose increased — 2482 reaction mentions
blood glucose decreased — 792 reaction mentions
hyperglycaemia — 751 reaction mentions
diabetic ketoacidosis — 686 reaction mentions
diabetes mellitus inadequate control — 622 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Subcutaneous injection, prefilled pen or 10 mL multiple-dose vial
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Must not be diluted or mixed in a syringe with any other insulin, because doing so destroys the pH-dependent precipitation the whole design depends on.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on which forms are sold and how they compare.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
30 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 29 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 83257-011 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as crystal, injection, solution, liquid and powder, taken oral and subcutaneous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 83257-011 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is insulin analog [epc] and insulin [cs].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 83257-011 · read 2026-08-29
18 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 17 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · d5e07a0c-7e14-4756-9152-9fea485d654a · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · d5e07a0c-7e14-4756-9152-9fea485d654a · read 2026-08-29
901 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as botanical, non-nutrient/non-botanical and other combinations.
Those labels carry all other and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
BASAGLAR KwikPen is injection: solution in single-patient-use prefilled pens at 100 units/mL (U-100); 3 mL single-patient-use BASAGLAR KwikPen and BASAGLAR Tempo Pen, recorded as prescription product; fda label in effect 2026-06-16 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 0ad21db3-2b1c-4ed9-a687-bdd6a74d0aae · read 2026-08-27
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Insulin glargine studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Claims that go past the evidence
Things said about this substance that sound reasonable, and the exact step that is missing between the evidence and the claim.
✗Goes past the evidence
That the trial hypoglycaemia advantage carries into usual care — a 25,489-patient cohort found an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.16, not below 1
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That normalising fasting glucose early prevents cardiovascular events, which ORIGIN was built to test and did not show
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That the price reflects manufacturing difficulty; two published cost models put a sustainable annual price under $110
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Insulin glargine are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Every line above can be traced to the study named beside it. Follow the link and read it.
Treat-to-Target: same HbA1c as NPH, fewer patients reaching it with nocturnal hypoglycaemia
In plain words
In 756 people with type 2 diabetes, glargine and NPH insulin brought average blood sugar to the same place. The difference was in how many got there without night-time lows.
What was measured
HbA1c 6.96% versus 6.97%; 33.2% versus 26.7% reaching target free of documented nocturnal hypoglycaemia
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Randomised, open-label, 24-week trial. 756 overweight adults on one or two oral agents added bedtime glargine or NPH titrated to a fasting plasma glucose target of 100 mg/dL. End-point HbA1c was 6.96% with glargine and 6.97% with NPH; mean fasting plasma glucose 117 versus 120 mg/dL. 33.2% versus 26.7% reached HbA1c 7% or less without documented nocturnal hypoglycaemia (p < 0.05), and rates of other symptomatic hypoglycaemia categories were 21-48% lower with glargine.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
ORIGIN: normalising fasting glucose with basal insulin did not reduce cardiovascular events
In plain words
The largest trial ever run on this drug asked whether driving fasting sugar to normal with insulin would prevent heart attacks and strokes. Over more than six years, it did not.
What was measured
Hazard ratio 1.02 (95% CI 0.94-1.11), p = 0.63 for the first coprimary cardiovascular outcome
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
This entry records a failure.
From the source
ORIGIN randomised 12,537 people with cardiovascular risk factors plus impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2 diabetes to glargine targeting fasting glucose 95 mg/dL or less, versus standard care. Median follow-up 6.2 years. First coprimary outcome (nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke or cardiovascular death) 2.94 versus 2.85 events per 100 person-years, hazard ratio 1.02 (95% CI 0.94-1.11), p = 0.63. Second coprimary outcome hazard ratio 1.04, p = 0.27. Severe hypoglycaemia 1.00 versus 0.31 per 100 person-years. Median weight rose 1.6 kg on glargine and fell 0.5 kg on standard care.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
The 2009 cancer scare was raised by observational data and retired by a randomised trial
In plain words
A large German insurance database suggested in 2009 that glargine might raise cancer risk. Three years later a randomised trial with over 12,000 people and six years of follow-up found no difference at all.
What was measured
That in vitro IGF-1 receptor affinity plus a database association demonstrates a real cancer risk in patients
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Hemkens and colleagues analysed 127,031 patients in a German statutory insurance fund and reported a dose-adjusted hazard ratio for malignancy of 1.31 (95% CI 1.20-1.42) at a 50 IU daily dose of glargine versus human insulin, with no signal for aspart or lispro. Mean follow-up was only 1.63 years and dose was strongly confounded by indication. ORIGIN then reported cancer hazard ratio 1.00 (95% CI 0.88-1.13, p = 0.97) after a median 6.2 years of randomised exposure. The field moved from a mitogenicity concern to a resolved question, and the mechanism proposed for it — glargine IGF-1 receptor affinity — did not translate into events.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
The trial hypoglycaemia advantage did not reproduce in ordinary practice
In plain words
In a Kaiser Permanente cohort of 25,489 people starting basal insulin, the analogue that costs several times more did not send fewer people to the emergency department for low blood sugar, and did not control blood sugar better.
What was measured
That the reduction in documented nocturnal hypoglycaemia seen in a titrated 24-week trial translates into fewer severe hypoglycaemic events in usual care
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Retrospective cohort, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, 2006-2015. 1,928 patients initiated a basal analogue and 23,561 initiated NPH. Hypoglycaemia-related emergency department visits or hospital admissions were 11.9 per 1,000 person-years with analogues versus 8.8 with NPH; between-group difference 3.1 (95% CI -1.5 to 7.7), p = 0.07. In 4,428 propensity-matched patients the adjusted hazard ratio was 1.16 (95% CI 0.71-1.78). HbA1c fell from 9.4% to 8.2% on analogues and from 9.4% to 7.9% on NPH.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Nothing in the manufacturing explains the price
In plain words
Two independent published models put the sustainable cost-based price of a year of basal insulin analogue at under a hundred dollars. The US paid many multiples of that until list prices were cut in 2023 and 2024.
What was measured
That the price of an insulin analogue reflects what it costs to manufacture, or the difficulty of making it
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Gotham, Barber and Hill modelled active ingredient cost, formulation and operating expense plus a profit margin and estimated biosimilar prices of $78-$108 per patient per year for insulin glargine and $48-$71 for regular human insulin. Barber and colleagues updated the model in 2024 and put a once-daily basal analogue regimen at $72 per patient per year including pen and needles. RAND, for HHS ASPE, found US average gross manufacturer prices of $98.70 per standard unit in 2018 against $8.81 across 32 other OECD countries, 8.1 times the non-US average. Sanofi cut the Lantus US list price 78% effective 1 January 2024.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes was reduced, at p = 0.05
In plain words
Among the minority of ORIGIN participants who did not have diabetes at the start, fewer developed it. The result sat exactly on the conventional significance threshold and was measured three months after treatment stopped.
What was measured
30% versus 35% new diabetes; odds ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.64-1.00), p = 0.05
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
In the 1,456 ORIGIN participants without diabetes at baseline, new diabetes was diagnosed approximately three months after therapy was stopped in 30% of the glargine group versus 35% of the standard-care group; odds ratio 0.80 (95% CI 0.64-1.00), p = 0.05. This was a secondary outcome in a trial whose coprimary outcomes were both neutral, and the confidence interval touches unity.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
4 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
The older medicine-wide conclusion held in this record
Written for a clinical reader, and about the medicine as a whole rather than about one indication, population and set of trials. RNAWiki does not treat it as a programme conclusion and no reviewer has signed it off in that form. It is here word for word because it is what the record holds.
Swapping one amino acid and adding two arginines shifts insulin so it precipitates in the subcutaneous tissue and dissolves back slowly over about a day; in the registration trial that reached the same HbA1c as NPH insulin (6.96% versus 6.97%) while more patients got there without documented nocturnal hypoglycaemia.
Recorded evidence blocks (10)
Q2
What did Insulin glargine's largest trial (714582 people) and its longest (14 years) measure?
714582 people in Insulin glargine's largest registered study, 14 years in its longest registered window, measuring Mortality in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
218 phase3, 215 phase4, 90 phase2, 87 phase1, 81 na, 17 na or unstated, 11 early phase1; NCT00535925; 2019-05. Last human test completed 2026, NCT06688123.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Insulin glargine was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase3
218
phase4
215
phase2
90
phase1
87
na
81
na or unstated
17
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
11
Last recorded human testNCT06688123
2026-04-22
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Insulin glargine shown lifespan?
terminated; "Company decision not related to safety."
NCT00500240
terminated; "Terminated early due to futility."
14 further recorded trials
NCT00564018
terminated; "Presumed loss of clinical equipoise between the agents being investigated"
NCT00615381
withdrawn; "Study was not initiated and has been withdrawn due to lack of appropriate cases"
NCT00627471
terminated; "Low recruitment in spite of strategies implemented"
NCT00670228
terminated; "Due to Negative feasibility assessment of recruiting the planned number of subjects within the study timelines"
NCT00678145
terminated; "Protocol was terminated due to enrollment + feasibility issues. Aim 2 not conducted. Aims 1 + 3 were conducted in part. During Aim 3 the IRB requested that the study be transitioned under a new protocol (2018-9208) in order to simplify…"
NCT00700622
terminated; "Sponsor stopped development of the MedTone inhaler in favor of an improved device (Gen2 inhaler)"
NCT00762190
terminated; "Hepatic safety signal identified."
NCT00837759
terminated; "Changes to study personnel."
NCT00850161
withdrawn; "Business purposes."
NCT00869414
terminated; "PI deceased"
NCT00943709
withdrawn; "lack of accrual"
NCT00950534
terminated; "due to poor recruitment"
NCT00995501
terminated; "Per interim analysis, for futility."
NCT01051011
terminated; "high discontinuation rates mainly due to GI tolerability and implementation of risk mitigation plan to address hypersensitivity reactions"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Insulin glargine used Insulin Glargine 0.5 u/kg body wt SC — over how long?
7 recorded entries; human; also "Insulin Glargine 0.5 u/kg body wt SC", "Insulin Glargine 1.0 u/kg body wt SC", "Insulin Glargine 1.5 u/kg body wt SC"
Show the evidence
human
NCT00574912
Insulin Glargine 0.5 u/kg body wt SC
NCT00574912
Insulin Glargine 1.0 u/kg body wt SC
NCT00574912
Insulin Glargine 1.5 u/kg body wt SC
NCT00574912
Insulin Glargine 2.0 u/kg body wt SC
NCT02161055
Insulin Injection(10mL:400u), manufactured by Wanbang Biochemical Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Lot No. 1307230, No. 1302225, No. 1307210.
NCT02735044
Insulin glargine (100 units /mL)
1 more recorded row
humanNCT03260868
Insulin glargine, 300 units per milliliter (U/mL)
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Which of 24 hour blood glucose levels, a1c values and addendum 24 week endpoint hba1c did Insulin glargine's trials measure?
24 hour blood glucose levels, a1c values and addendum 24 week endpoint hba1c lead 40 outcome terms across Insulin glargine's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
hba1c, beta cell function after 52 weeks of therapy, hba1c from baseline to week 16, mortality in the intensive care, safety and effect on change in average daily insulin dose follow.
Show the evidence
rate of type 1 diabetes per year
1
primary major macrovascular events
1
glycosylated hemoglobin
1
hba1c
1
beta cell function after 52 weeks of therapy
1
hba1c from baseline to week 16
1
14 more recorded rows
mortality in the intensive care
1
safety
1
effect on change in average daily insulin dose
1
lesion volume expansion at 1 week
1
body weight
1
newborn birth weight
1
time within range during protocol
1
blood glucose level during study period
1
24 hour blood glucose levels
1
symptomatic hypoglycemia
1
severe hypoglycemia
1
insulin doses
1
self monitored bg values
1
body weight/body mass index
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of Insulin glargine's 14 ongoing trials reports first?
Change in LH Pulse Amplitude Before and After Acute or Chronic FFA Administration; the proportion of patients with HbA1c < 7.0% without experiencing hypoglycemia and without weight gain,with a superiority margin of 3%; latest 2028-05-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02653092
"Reprometabolic Syndrome Mediates Subfertility in Obesity"; n 84; "Change in LH Pulse Amplitude Before and After Acute or Chronic FFA Administration"; 2026-12-11
NCT03087032
"Liraglutide-bolus vs Glargine-bolus Therapy in Overweight/Obese Type 2 Diabetes Patients (LiraGooD)"; n 164; "the proportion of patients with HbA1c < 7.0% without experiencing hypoglycemia and without weight gain,with a superiority margin of 3%"; 2025-02-10
NCT03241706
"Liver Glycogen and Hypoglycemia in Humans"; n 40; "Epinephrine"; 2028-05-31
NCT03527537
"Gestational Diabetes and Pharmacotherapy (GAP)"; n 416; "Composite Neonatal Outcome"; 2026-10-01
NCT03665207
"Tight Versus Liberal Blood Glucose Control in Adult Critically Ill Patients"; n 9230; "Duration of ICU dependency"; 2026-11
NCT03899402
"Triple Therapy in T1DM"; n 78; "Change in HbA1c following dapagliflozin"; 2026-06-30
8 further recorded trials
NCT05098470
"Effects of Modulators of Gluconeogenesis, Glycogenolysis and Glucokinase Activity"; n 100; "Contribution of gluconeogenesis (GNG) to endogenous glucose production (EGP)"; 2026-07-29
NCT05553093
"Effects of Tirzepatide and Insulin Glargine on Glucolipid Metabolism and Brain Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes"; n 150; "blood sugar changes"; 2027-10-31
NCT06419777
"Strict Versus Permissive Thresholds for Initiation of Pharmacotherapy in Gestational Diabetes"; n 430; "Neonatal Composite Outcome"; 2026-05
NCT06419803
"Strict Versus Permissive Thresholds for Initiation of Pharmacotherapy in Gestational Diabetes (START 2)"; n 430; "Neonatal Composite Outcome"; 2026-05
NCT06619301
"RCT Glargine vs NPH for Treatment of DM in Pregnancy"; n 160; "Hypoglycemia"; 2027-01-01
NCT06671587
"iGlarLixi CGM Study in Chinese T2D Individuals After OADs"; n 678; "Superiority of mean change in the percentage of TIR [3.9-10.0 mmol/L (70-180 mg/dL)]"; 2026-09-18
NCT07076199
"A Research Study to See How a Weekly Insulin, Insulin Icodec, Helps in Reducing the Blood Sugar Compared to Daily Insulin Glargine, Both in Combination With Insulin Aspart, in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes"; n 877; "Change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c)"; 2027-03-01
NCT07173712
"Regimen Transition After Short-Term Intensive Insulin Therapy in Type 2 Diabetes"; n 324; "Proportion of subjects with optimal glycemic control"; 2027-12-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which 282 trials of Insulin glargine posted no result?
Posted no result
282 of 282 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00360815, NCT00001624, NCT00431665, NCT00653341, NCT00358124 and NCT01336751, and 276 more
Completion dates
oldest 1993-04; newest 2024-08-02
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00360815
1993-04
NCT00001624
2000-03
NCT00431665
2000-06
NCT00653341
2001-10
NCT00358124
2002-06
NCT01336751
2002-12
14 further recorded trials
NCT00312104
2003-03
NCT01720303
2003-04-10
NCT00004984
2003-06
NCT00551356
2003-07
NCT00390728
2003-08
NCT00399724
2003-08
NCT00540709
2003-09
NCT00814008
2003-12
NCT00537251
2004-02
NCT00354939
2004-03
NCT00598793
2004-03
NCT00063128
2004-04
NCT00563225
2004-04
NCT00576368
2004-04
Q9
At the median, Insulin glargine's trials enrolled 119.5 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
119.5
Largest enrolment
714582
Registered trials counted
694
Q10
What do 10452 spontaneous reports say about Insulin glargine — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Insulin glargine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 10452 reaction mentions were counted: hypoglycaemia 3628; blood glucose increased 2482; blood glucose decreased 792; hyperglycaemia 751. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1201497 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
hypoglycaemia
3628
blood glucose increased
2482
blood glucose decreased
792
hyperglycaemia
751
diabetic ketoacidosis
686
diabetes mellitus inadequate control
622
4 more recorded rows
glycosylated haemoglobin increased
500
premature baby
390
hypoglycaemic coma
339
blood glucose abnormal
262
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q11
What is recorded about Insulin glargine and IGF-1?
"To develop a long-acting formulation of native human insulin with a similar pharmacodynamics (PD) profile as the insulin analogue insulin glargine (Lantus®, Sanofi-Aventis) with the expectation of retaining native human insulin's superior safety profile as insulin glargine is able to activate the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1)…" — where Insulin glargine and IGF-1 appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2013-05-08
IGF-1; PMID 22203325, 23653049, 16842489
Show the evidence
IGF-1
PMID 22203325
"To develop a long-acting formulation of native human insulin with a similar pharmacodynamics (PD) profile as the insulin analogue insulin glargine (Lantus®, Sanofi-Aventis) with the expectation of retaining native human insulin's superior safety profile as insulin glargine is able to activate the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) receptor and is linked to a number of malignancies at a higher…"
PMID 23653049
"The IR signalling pattern of AspB10 in vivo is distinctly different from that of human insulin and insulin glargine, and might challenge the notion that activation of IGF1R plays a role in the observed carcinogenic effect of AspB10."
PMID 16842489
"Assuming a higher binding affinity of insulin glargine to pituitary IGF-1 receptors, serum IGF-1 concentrations should decrease via negative feedback."
recorded 2013-05-08 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
Abasaglar, Abasaglar kwikpen, Basaglar, Ins lantus, Ins lantus opticlik, Ins lantus optiset, Ins lantus solostar, Insulin glargine component of basaglar, Insulin glargine component of soliqua 100/33, Lantus, Toujeo, Toujeo solostar
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 5 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 9 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.