Its recorded molecular formula is C6H12O6, weighing 180.16.
PubChem record · 892 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No plain explanation of what this changes is stored.
No recorded use is stored in reader language.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 26 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 8 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer2 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Fertility and sexual health
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Mood
hamilton rating scale for depression; hamilton anxiety scale
Fertility and sexual health
total testosterone; free testosterone variation
Blood sugar
insulin resistance
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
2 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
1 registered test measure.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Systematic Treatment Enhancement Program for Bipolar Disorder (STEP-BD)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00012558
How many people
5000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Glucose tolerance during pregnancy
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02509988
How many people
1729
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Rate of patients requiring insulin therapy during pregnancy
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03875755
How many people
1080
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Participants With Unfavorable Outcome, Defined as Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP) or Death Prior to Reaching Acute/Final ROP Status
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01954082
How many people
638
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The incidence of PCOS patients in the two study arms that develop Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GMD).
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05524259
How many people
464
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.3 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Yeast, C. elegans (roundworm), Drosophila (fruit fly), Mouse. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
hamilton rating scale for depression
hamilton anxiety scale
health assessment questionnaire
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
insulin resistance
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (4)
ovulation occurence
ovulation frequency
total testosterone
free testosterone variation
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Provides potentized homeo-nutritional support for maintaining energy levels, balancing of moods, healthy circulation, and proper nerve function.† †Claims based on traditional homeopathic practice, not accepted medical evidence. Not FDA evaluated.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as liquid, pellet, given by the oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Inositol appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 4 most-reported reaction terms, 20 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (4)
gestational diabetes — 9 reaction mentions
normal newborn — 5 reaction mentions
premature rupture of membranes — 4 reaction mentions
amniorrhexis — 2 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
15 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 10 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 85207-024 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as liquid, pellet and powder, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 85207-024 · read 2026-08-29
5 published labels name it as an active ingredient. None of them describes this substance alone, so no label text on this page can be attributed to it rather than to a combination.
US prescribing information · a7382d84-1d5f-4d09-962f-b26f265af65e · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug.
US prescribing information · a7382d84-1d5f-4d09-962f-b26f265af65e · read 2026-08-29
4875 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as non-nutrient/non-botanical.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q1
What did Inositol's largest trial (5000 people) and its longest (11 years) measure?
5000 people in Inositol's largest registered study, 11 years in its longest registered window, measuring Percentage of Participants With Response Determined by Change in the Histologic Grade of Bronchial Dysplasia as Measured by Mucosal Biopsy Samples on Participant-specific Analysis. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
7 na, 5 phase2, 3 phase1, 2 na or unstated, 1 early phase1, 1 phase3, 1 phase4; NCT01246310; 2022-02; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2026, NCT07380841.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Inositol was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
7
phase2
5
phase1
3
na or unstated
2
early phase1
1
phase3
1
2 more recorded rows
phase4
1
Last recorded human testNCT07380841
2026-01-13
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From yeast to human: where has Inositol shown lifespan?
Interpretation Percentage of Participants With Response Determined by Change in the Histologic Grade of Bronchial Dysplasia as Measured by Mucosal Biopsy Samples on… — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
C. elegans
lifespan
Drosophila
lifespan
yeast
lifespan
mouse
mechanism-only
humanNCT00783705
mechanism-only; Percentage of Participants With Response Determined by Change in the Histologic Grade of Bronchial Dysplasia as Measured by Mucosal Biopsy Samples on Participant-specific Analysis.; 18
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
5 of Inositol's trials stopped: safety, accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?
safety (1), accrual/recruitment (2), funding/business (1) and other (1): Inositol's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"The study was closed prematurely due to poor accrual."; 5 of 18 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01111292
terminated; "The study was closed prematurely due to poor accrual."
NCT01246310
terminated; "The number of patients enrolled was insufficient to match the calculated sample size and to carry out statistical analyses"
NCT01954082
terminated; "Study terminated due to safety concerns; participant follow up will continue until March 2018"
NCT02811133
withdrawn; "Funding terminated"
NCT04881851
terminated; "Study treatment products expired"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of Inositol used myo-Inositol 5% Injection — over how long?
5 recorded sentences naming Inositol; U-shaped, biphasic
Show the evidence
U-shaped
"Non-linear models revealed a U-shaped relationship between inositol synthesis and STAI-s."
biphasic
PMID 42580652
"MRS detected early increases in GABA, glutamine, taurine, and glutathione, with corresponding decreases in NAA, while inositol showed a biphasic decrease-increase profile, likely reflecting acute astrocytic dysfunction followed by gliosis - neuroinflammatory processes that were corroborated by immunohistochemistry."
PMID 41975125
"This study enhances our understanding of these mechanisms by demonstrating that exposure to 1 µM ATO initiates a biphasic Ca<sup>2+</sup> release: an initial flux from inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP₃Rs), followed by a secondary release via ryanodine receptors (RyRs)."
"MRS detected early increases in GABA, glutamine, taurine, and glutathione, with corresponding decreases in NAA, while inositol showed a biphasic decrease-increase profile, likely reflecting acute astrocytic dysfunction followed by gliosis – neuroinflammatory processes that were corroborated by immunohistochemistry."
PMID 40521635
"Using this optimized protocol, we show that the kinetics of Cys93β sulfhydryl reactivity of T-state Ni(II)-substituted hemoglobin in silica gels is markedly biphasic under low-salt conditions but monophasic in the presence of inositol hexakisphosphate."
recorded 2026-08-11 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Inositol's effect on hamilton rating scale for depression?
Hamilton rating scale for depression: measured in Inositol's trials.
Interpretation hamilton rating scale for depression is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
hamilton rating scale for depression; 2026-09-01
hamilton anxiety scale; 2026-09-01
health assessment questionnaire; 2026-09-01
ovulation occurence; 2026-09-01
ovulation frequency; 2026-09-01
total testosterone; 2026-09-01
2 more recorded rows
biomarkers
free testosterone variation; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
insulin resistance; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
5
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
0; NCT02811133; PHASE1/PHASE2; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q7
Which of free testosterone variation, hamilton anxiety scale and hamilton rating scale for depression did Inositol's trials measure?
free testosterone variation, hamilton anxiety scale and hamilton rating scale for depression lead 8 outcome terms across Inositol's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation ovulation occurence, ovulation frequency, total testosterone, free testosterone variation and insulin resistance follow.
Show the evidence
hamilton rating scale for depression
1
hamilton anxiety scale
1
health assessment questionnaire
1
ovulation occurence
1
ovulation frequency
1
total testosterone
1
2 more recorded rows
free testosterone variation
1
insulin resistance
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
What will the one ongoing trial of Inositol report, and when?
"Local Treatment of Breast Pain Based on the Daily Use of a Topical Gel"; n 50; "Reduction of breast pain"; 2026-07-11
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 2 trials of Inositol posted no result?
Posted no result
2 of 2 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00012558 and NCT01342874
Completion dates
oldest 2005-09; newest 2011-08
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00012558
2005-09
NCT01342874
2011-08
Q10
At the median, Inositol's trials enrolled 69 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
69
Largest enrolment
5000
Registered trials counted
17
Q11
What do 20 spontaneous reports say about Inositol — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Inositol appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 4 most-reported reaction terms, 20 reaction mentions were counted: gestational diabetes 9; normal newborn 5; premature rupture of membranes 4; amniorrhexis 2. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1222251 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
gestational diabetes
9
normal newborn
5
premature rupture of membranes
4
amniorrhexis
2
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
Was Inositol studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Inositol's label sentences: "Myo-inositol at different doses, frequency and timing of administration, should be compared with placebo, diet and exercise, and pharmacological interventions." openfda-label+europepmc · 2023-02-15
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
Myo-inositol at different doses, frequency and timing of administration, should be compared with placebo, diet and exercise, and pharmacological interventions.
recorded 2023-02-15 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
What is recorded about Inositol and AMPK?
"Resveratrol administration promoted the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in the myocardial tissue of mice, while lowering the elevated protein expression levels of p22 subunit (p22), guanine nucleotide-binding protein q polypeptide 1 (GP91), phosphorylated…" — where Inositol and AMPK appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-08-11
"Resveratrol administration promoted the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in the myocardial tissue of mice, while lowering the elevated protein expression levels of p22 subunit (p22), guanine nucleotide-binding protein q polypeptide 1 (GP91), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (p-IRE1α), X-box binding protein…"
sirtuinPMID 38551444
"Resveratrol administration promoted the expression of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) in the myocardial tissue of mice, while lowering the elevated protein expression levels of p22 subunit (p22), guanine nucleotide-binding protein q polypeptide 1 (GP91), phosphorylated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (p-IRE1α), X-box binding protein…"
AMPKPMID 38551444
"Resveratrol postpones dilated cardiomyopathy fibrosis by regulating the mitochondrial autophagy response through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)-mediated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)/PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK) signaling pathway."
sirtuinPMID 38551444
"Resveratrol postpones dilated cardiomyopathy fibrosis by regulating the mitochondrial autophagy response through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)-mediated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)/PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK) signaling pathway."
autophagyPMID 38551444
"Resveratrol postpones dilated cardiomyopathy fibrosis by regulating the mitochondrial autophagy response through the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/silent mating type information regulation 2 homolog 1 (SIRT1)-mediated inositol-requiring enzyme 1 alpha (IRE1α)/PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK) signaling pathway."
mTORPMID 42152515
"Together, our findings identify organelle contact reorganization and calcium homeostasis as key determinants of cell fate under conditions of proteotoxic stress, revealing how VCP inhibition selectively suppresses tumor progression while preserving vascular integrity that could enhance drug delivery and reduce tumor hypoxia.<b>Abbreviations</b>: ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; ATG3:…"
3 more recorded rows
AMPKPMID 42152515
"Together, our findings identify organelle contact reorganization and calcium homeostasis as key determinants of cell fate under conditions of proteotoxic stress, revealing how VCP inhibition selectively suppresses tumor progression while preserving vascular integrity that could enhance drug delivery and reduce tumor hypoxia.<b>Abbreviations</b>: ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; ATG3:…"
autophagyPMID 42152515
"Together, our findings identify organelle contact reorganization and calcium homeostasis as key determinants of cell fate under conditions of proteotoxic stress, revealing how VCP inhibition selectively suppresses tumor progression while preserving vascular integrity that could enhance drug delivery and reduce tumor hypoxia.<b>Abbreviations</b>: ATF4: activating transcription factor 4; ATG3:…"
mTORPMID 42576627
"Taken together, these findings indicate that SVA antagonizes the antiviral function of RETREG1-mediated ER-phagy via its 3C[pro], highlighting RETREG1 as a potential therapeutic target for combating SVA infection.<b>Abbreviations:</b> 2-APB: 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate; PRKAA2/AMPK: protein kinase AMP-activated catalytic subunit alpha 2; ATL3: atlastin GTPase 3; BHK-21: baby hamster kidney-21;…"
IGF-1
PMID 42359871
"Aim: To provide a comprehensive review of acne pathogenesis and data regarding inositol efficacy in targeting IGF-1 pathway and decreasing IGF-1 levels and find pathophysiological substantiation (rationale, reasoning) of inositol therapy feasibility in acne treatment."
PMID 42359871
"Materials and Methods: Search of literature was performed on PubMed, Scopus, ResearchGate to identify scientific publications that aimed to research the role of inositol in acne and IGF-1 in acne pathogenesis and treatment and were published between 1999 and 2024 yielding information about possible therapeutic approach targeting IGF-1 induced increased sebum production."
PMID 42359871
"Conclusions: We provided a comprehensive review of acne pathogenesis and data regarding inositol efficacy in targeting IGF-1 pathway."
sirtuinPMID 41692973
"We further highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting ferritinophagy and propose future research directions aimed at harnessing this pathway for the treatment of organ injuries.<b>Abbreviations:</b> 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACO1/IRP1: aconitase 1; AKI: acute kidney injury; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; CARM1/PRMT4: coactivator associated…"
autophagyPMID 41692973
"We further highlight the therapeutic potential of targeting ferritinophagy and propose future research directions aimed at harnessing this pathway for the treatment of organ injuries.<b>Abbreviations:</b> 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ACO1/IRP1: aconitase 1; AKI: acute kidney injury; ARDS: acute respiratory distress syndrome; ATG: autophagy related; BECN1: beclin 1; CARM1/PRMT4: coactivator associated…"
mTORPMID 42329080
"These findings establish HMC-anchored ER-mitochondrial contact as a central proviral vulnerability and position emodin as a practical scaffold for next-generation antivirals in aquaculture.<b>Abbreviations:</b> 2-APB: 2-aminoethyl diphenylborinate; 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; ΔΨm: mitochondrial membrane potential; AKT/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase; ATG1/ULK1: autophagy related 1;…"
recorded 2026-08-11 · last checked 2026-09-04
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