This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Infliximab does in the body
REMICADE is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for: Crohn's Disease : reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in adult patients with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy.
From the FDA-approved label: Infliximab neutralizes the biological activity of TNFα by binding with high affinity to the soluble and transmembrane forms of TNFα and inhibits binding of TNFα with its receptors. Infliximab does not neutralize TNFβ (lymphotoxin-α), a related cytokine that utilizes the same receptors as TNFα.
Why people take it. REMICADE is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for: Crohn's Disease : reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in adult patients with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as protein.
FDA substance registry · B72HH48FLU · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 139 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Strength
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Strength
muscle strength
Pain
intensity of pain
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
1 registered performance measure of this kind.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Relation between biological parameters (fecal and ileal microbiome) and outcomes of IBD
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07172945
How many people
4500
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Randomization WHO- Mortality
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04330690
How many people
2900
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Imaging database development
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05928754
How many people
2000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Participants Who Had Recovered by Day 28
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04593940
How many people
1971
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of biosimilar adalimumab prescriptions per clinician
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07221890
How many people
1325
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Short-term Period: Number of Participants With Death, Serious Adverse Events (SAEs), Related SAEs, SAEs Leading to Discontinuations, AEs, Related AEs, or AEs Leading to Discontinuations
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00124982
How many people
1286
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.5 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.1 registered measure of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.1 registered measure of this kind.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.1 registered measure inside human tissue.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
intensity of pain
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
muscle strength
gene expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells
concentration of tnf alfa antibodies in serum
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
partial or complete remission of the vasculitides
time to clinical remission
response at week 4 and steroid free remission at week 50
histological remission
pd signals predict relapse at week 16
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (31)
fat free mass
psoriasis area and severity index 75 response at week 16
adverse events
monthly rates of anti vegf injections
safety of study drug
clinical response at week 8
baseline psoriasis area and severity index
achieving sustained virological response
serious infections
time interval between infusions during maintenance therapy
experiencing at least one adverse event
harvey bradshaw index
adverse events and serious adverse events
unexpected adverse events
adverse drug reactions
das28 at week 20
achieving american college of rheumatology 20 response
achieving american college of rheumatology 50 response
best corrected visual acuity
ultrasound synovitis
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 7.7 to 9.5 days
Read from the label, which states: “Pharmacokinetic results for single doses of 3 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg in RA, 5 mg/kg in CD, and 3 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg in Ps indicate that the median terminal half-life of infliximab is 7.7 to 9.5 days.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
REMICADE is a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) blocker indicated for: Crohn's Disease: reducing signs and symptoms and inducing and maintaining clinical remission in adult patients with moderately to severely active disease who have had an inadequate response to conventional therapy.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “However, the safety and effectiveness of REMICADE in pediatric patients <6 years of age with CD or UC have not been established.”
US prescribing information · a0a046c1-056d-45a9-bfd9-13b47c24f257 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Of the total number of REMICADE-treated patients in RA and Ps clinical studies, 256 (9.6%) were 65 years old and over, while 17 (0.6%) were 75 years old and over.”
US prescribing information · a0a046c1-056d-45a9-bfd9-13b47c24f257 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Available observational studies in pregnant women exposed to REMICADE showed no increased risk of major malformations among live births as compared to those exposed to non-biologics.”
US prescribing information · a0a046c1-056d-45a9-bfd9-13b47c24f257 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary Published literature show that infliximab is present at low levels in human milk.”
US prescribing information · a0a046c1-056d-45a9-bfd9-13b47c24f257 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Given by a clinician
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Intravenous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S1, S6.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as vial, injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution, given by the intravenous route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Infliximab appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 228862 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
injection site pain — 36582 reaction mentions
arthralgia — 32083 reaction mentions
pain — 28914 reaction mentions
injection site erythema — 28046 reaction mentions
rheumatoid arthritis — 26240 reaction mentions
psoriasis — 17704 reaction mentions
injection site pruritus — 15404 reaction mentions
injection site swelling — 15132 reaction mentions
injection site reaction — 14682 reaction mentions
joint swelling — 14075 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Intravenous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
10 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 10 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 68225-072 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution, liquid and solution, taken intravenous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 68225-072 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is tumor necrosis factor blocker [epc] and tumor necrosis factor receptor blocking activity [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 68225-072 · read 2026-08-29
4 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 4 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · a0a046c1-056d-45a9-bfd9-13b47c24f257 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · a0a046c1-056d-45a9-bfd9-13b47c24f257 · read 2026-08-29
REMICADE is intravenous at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS For injection: 100 mg of infliximab as a white lyophilized powder in a single-dose vial for reconstitution and dilution., recorded as fda label in effect 2025-06-03 in the United States.
US prescribing information · a0a046c1-056d-45a9-bfd9-13b47c24f257 · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Infliximab studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Infliximab are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
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B72HH48FLU
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213361
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Recorded evidence blocks (14)
Q2
What did Infliximab's largest trial (105711 people) and its longest (32 years) measure?
105711 people in Infliximab's largest registered study, 32 years in its longest registered window, measuring Randomization WHO- Mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
85 phase3, 80 phase4, 76 na or unstated, 65 phase2, 25 na, 23 phase1, 1 early phase1; NCT04725422; 2050-08. Last human test completed 2025, NCT02987686.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Infliximab was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase3
85
phase4
80
na or unstated
76
phase2
65
na
25
phase1
23
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
1
Last recorded human testNCT02987686
2025-11-15
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Infliximab shown lifespan?
"Interim analysis, infliximab did not reduce number of first relapses in GCA or cumulative glucocorticosteroid dosage"; 47 of 340 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00076726
terminated; "Interim analysis, infliximab did not reduce number of first relapses in GCA or cumulative glucocorticosteroid dosage"
NCT00111917
terminated; "Not enough patients meeting criteria to enroll in the time period"
NCT00112749
terminated; "Recruitment stopped due to slow accrual and lack of evidence of need for further continuation of protocol in inpatient setting."
NCT00252369
terminated; "Low accrual rate"
NCT00325078
terminated; "Insufficient patient participation"
NCT00358670
terminated; "Infusion reactions during re-induction cycles after a period of no treatment. Please see "Purpose" section."
14 further recorded trials
NCT00368264
terminated; "Failure to recruit patients with membranous lupus nephritis not previously treated with azathioprine ."
NCT00505947
terminated; "The number of the anticipated participants was not achieved"
NCT00521924
terminated; "Slow Enrollment"
NCT00521963
withdrawn; "poor accrual"
NCT00537316
terminated; "Infusion reactions during re-induction cycles after a period of no treatment in another study \[P04563, NCT0358670\]"
NCT00686894
terminated; "Poor Enrollment"
NCT00705471
terminated; "Study stopped prematurely due to enrolment challenges."
NCT00752622
terminated; "Factors that led to termination: recruitment challenges and a lower incidence of flares than estimated, causing a high risk of the study being underpowered."
NCT00796250
terminated; "Due to poor patient recruitment, a decision was made to terminate this trial."
NCT00808210
terminated; "Based on analysis of results and consideration of available treatments, the overall benefit to risk profile of ocrelizumab was not favorable in RA."
NCT00823641
terminated; "Higher toxicity rate than observed in studies in Rheumatoid arthritis"
NCT00833053
terminated; "In Amendment 1 of P05319 \[NCT 00779675\], the option to enroll into this study, was discontinued due to low numbers of participants with suboptimal response."
NCT00897312
terminated; "slow accrual"
NCT00958906
withdrawn; "PI left institution (there are no data results for this study)"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Infliximab used TA-650 3 mg/kg — over how long?
Infliximab's half-life is 7.7 to 9.5 days — which schedules were studied?
7.7 to 9.5 days, the half-life Infliximab's label states. openfda-label · 37eaca10-d812-48bc-8b8e-b836bfa9968f · 2026-08-30
Show the evidence
half life
7.7 to 9.5 days; Pharmacokinetic results for single doses of 3 mg/kg to 10 mg/kg in RA, 5 mg/kg in CD, and 3 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg in Ps indicate that the median terminal half-life of infliximab is 7.7 to 9.5 days.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of achieving american college of rheumatology 20 response, achieving american college of rheumatology 50 response and achieving sustained virological response did Infliximab's trials measure?
achieving american college of rheumatology 20 response, achieving american college of rheumatology 50 response and achieving sustained virological response lead 40 outcome terms across Infliximab's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
psoriasis area and severity index 75 response at week 16, adverse events, monthly rates of anti vegf injections, partial or complete remission of the vasculitides, safety of study drug and clinical response at week 8 follow.
Show the evidence
muscle strength
1
intensity of pain
1
fat free mass
1
psoriasis area and severity index 75 response at week 16
1
adverse events
1
monthly rates of anti vegf injections
1
14 more recorded rows
partial or complete remission of the vasculitides
1
safety of study drug
1
clinical response at week 8
1
baseline psoriasis area and severity index
1
achieving sustained virological response
1
serious infections
1
gene expression in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells
1
time interval between infusions during maintenance therapy
1
experiencing at least one adverse event
1
harvey bradshaw index
1
time to clinical remission
1
adverse events and serious adverse events
1
unexpected adverse events
1
adverse drug reactions
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Infliximab's 51 ongoing trials reports first?
Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI); Reduction in aneurysm volume (ml); latest 2050-08
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01706692
"Swiss Dermatology Network of Targeted Therapies (SDNTT)"; n 1121; "Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI)"; 2032-03-15
NCT02638701
"Infliximab Therapy for Dolichoectactic Vertebrobasilar Aneurysms"; n 8; "Reduction in aneurysm volume (ml)"; 2028-12
NCT03414502
"Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis With DMARDs: Predictors of Response"; n 400; "Efficacy of Disease-modifying Antirheumatic Drugs Therapy for Rheumatoid Arthritis"; 2029-03
NCT03596645
"A Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Golimumab in Pediatric Participants With Moderately to Severely Active Ulcerative Colitis"; n 84; "Percentage of Participants With Clinical Remission at Week 6 as Assessed by the Mayo Score"; 2027-02-01
NCT03681652
"Post-Operative Crohn's Disease Outcome in Children"; n 100; "Endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts score ≥ i2b)"; 2027-03-01
NCT03684278
"Randomised Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis With Infliximab: Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multi-centre Trial (RAPID-I)"; n 240; "Difference in mean serum CRP measured on days 2, 4 and 14"; 2027-03-06
14 further recorded trials
NCT03765450
"Pharmacokinetics of IFX and TNF Concentrations in Serum, Stool, and Colonic Mucosa in Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis"; n 18; "Inter-compartmental Difference in Infliximab Concentration"; 2027-12-01
NCT03819296
"Role of Gut Microbiome and Fecal Transplant on Medication-Induced GI Complications in Patients With Cancer"; n 800; "Difference in stool microbiome pattern"; 2026-10-31
NCT04278404
"Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care (POPS)"; n 5000; "Clearance (CL) or apparent oral clearance (CL/F) as measured by PK sampling"; 2026-12
NCT04305145
"Infliximab for Treatment of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Colitis"; n 42; "Proportion of patients with Steroid-Free Colitis"; 2030-06-30
NCT04407247
"Infliximab or Vedolizumab in Treating Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Colitis in Patients With Genitourinary Cancer or Melanoma"; n 47; "Clinical remission/response rate of immune-mediated colitis (IMC)"; 2027-12-31
NCT04646187
"De-escalation of Anti-TNF Therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease"; n 148; "cumulative incidence of out-of-range fecal calprotectin results at 48 weeks follow-up"; 2026-03
NCT04725422
"CHronic Nonbacterial Osteomyelitis International Registry"; n 2000; "The change of CNO disease activity score"; 2050-08
NCT04835506
"Proactive Infliximab Optimization Using a Pharmacokinetic Dashboard Versus Standard of Care in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: The OPTIMIZE Trial"; n 124; "clinical remission"; 2026-09
NCT04999228
"Top Down Versus Step up in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis"; n 40; "Mucosal healing rate"; 2026-12-31
NCT05034536
"PD-1 Antibody Therapy + Infliximab for Metastatic Melanoma"; n 36; "Incidence of immune-related adverse events (irAE) in patients treated with anti-PD-1 plus infliximab compared to pembrolizumab plus placebo"; 2028-12-31
NCT05043870
"Combined Immunosuppression for Pediatric Crohn's Disease"; n 128; "clinical remission"; 2026-12-31
NCT05169593
"Prevention of Postoperative Endoscopic Recurrence With Endoscopy-driven Versus Systematic Biological Therapy"; n 292; "postoperative endoscopic recurrence (Rutgeerts score ≥i2b)"; 2030-10
NCT05180994
"Topical Infliximab in Eyes With Penetrating Keratoplasty"; n 50; "Complications associated to PKP surgery"; 2028-03-01
NCT05552287
"Pharmacokinetic Infliximab Data in Pediatric Crohn's Disease"; n 50; "Proportion of patients with IFX Trough Levels ≥ 5 µg/mL at week 12 without treatment escalation"; 2025-08
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Infliximab could settle inflammatory markers?
NCT07177209 measures Proportion of patients that achieve early control of inflammation on conventional therapeutics within 6-24 months of UC diagnosis., reading out 2026-07-31.
4 open trials; n 4000; "Describing Treatment Patterns and Creating an Updated Treatment Flow in an Ulcerative Colitis Population"
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT07177209
"Describing Treatment Patterns and Creating an Updated Treatment Flow in an Ulcerative Colitis Population"; n 4000; "Proportion of patients that achieve early control of inflammation on conventional therapeutics within 6-24 months of UC diagnosis."; 2026-07-31
NCT06786507
"A Direct Head-to-head Comparison of Ustekinumab with Infliximab for the Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis"; n 100; "(CRP) and Improvement degree of ulcerative colitis"; 2026-10-01
NCT03684278
"Randomised Treatment of Acute Pancreatitis With Infliximab: Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Multi-centre Trial (RAPID-I)"; n 240; "Difference in mean serum CRP measured on days 2, 4 and 14"; 2027-03-06
NCT07176754
"TNF-α Antagonists Mitigate Systemic Inflammatory Response After Cardiac Arrest."; n 208; "30-day survival rate"; 2028-10-31
Q10
Which 108 trials of Infliximab posted no result?
Posted no result
108 of 108 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00230529, NCT00236028, NCT00036387, NCT00246064, NCT00794898 and NCT00051623, and 102 more
Completion dates
oldest 2003-01; newest 2024-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00230529
2003-01
NCT00236028
2003-04
NCT00036387
2003-11
NCT00246064
2003-11
NCT00794898
2004-04-01
NCT00051623
2004-06
14 further recorded trials
NCT00106834
2004-10
NCT00056264
2004-12
NCT00439283
2004-12
NCT00073437
2005-02
NCT00207701
2005-02
NCT00106847
2005-07
NCT00006292
2005-09
NCT00244192
2005-12
NCT00202852
2006-03-01
NCT00753103
2006-07
NCT00228839
2006-10
NCT00432432
2006-10
NCT00036374
2006-12
NCT00273390
2006-12
Q11
At the median, Infliximab's trials enrolled 88 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
88
Largest enrolment
105711
Registered trials counted
336
Q12
What do 228862 spontaneous reports say about Infliximab — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Infliximab appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 228862 reaction mentions were counted: injection site pain 36582; arthralgia 32083; pain 28914; injection site erythema 28046. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1201581 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
injection site pain
36582
arthralgia
32083
pain
28914
injection site erythema
28046
rheumatoid arthritis
26240
psoriasis
17704
4 more recorded rows
injection site pruritus
15404
injection site swelling
15132
injection site reaction
14682
joint swelling
14075
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Infliximab and CYP450 and Cytochrome P450: shared by which compounds?
CYP450 and Cytochrome P450 appear in Infliximab's recorded interaction sentences, 3 in all. openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-07-28
Interpretation drug_interactions
Show the evidence
Cytochrome P450drug_interactions
7.4 Cytochrome P450 Substrates The formation of CYP450 enzymes may be suppressed by increased levels of cytokines (e.g., TNFα, IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IFN) during chronic inflammation.
CYP450
drug_interactions
Therefore, it is expected that for a molecule that antagonizes cytokine activity, such as infliximab products, the formation of CYP450 enzymes could be normalized.
drug_interactions
Upon initiation or discontinuation of INFLECTRA in patients being treated with CYP450 substrates with a narrow therapeutic index, monitoring of the effect (e.g., warfarin) or drug concentration (e.g., cyclosporine or theophylline) is recommended and the individual dose of the drug product may be adjusted as needed.
recorded 2026-07-28 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
Was Infliximab studied with fasting?
fasting is named in Infliximab's label sentences: "Fasting glucose, lipids, insulin and NT-proBNP were measured at baseline, weeks 26 and 78 in 79 DMARD-naïve RA patients, free of CV disease, as part of a double-blind randomized controlled trial of MTX with either infliximab (IFX) or methylprednisolone as induction therapy." openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-07-28
1 recorded statement; fasting
Show the evidence
fasting
Fasting glucose, lipids, insulin and NT-proBNP were measured at baseline, weeks 26 and 78 in 79 DMARD-naïve RA patients, free of CV disease, as part of a double-blind randomized controlled trial of MTX with either infliximab (IFX) or methylprednisolone as induction therapy.
recorded 2026-07-28 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q15
What is recorded about Infliximab and autophagy?
"These findings indicate that infliximab provides multifaceted protection against VCM-induced kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy." — where Infliximab and autophagy appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-03-17
"These findings indicate that infliximab provides multifaceted protection against VCM-induced kidney injury by modulating oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy."
PMID 40612947
"Clinical studies demonstrate that TNF-α inhibitors (etanercept, infliximab), IL-6 blockade (tocilizumab), and autophagy modulators effectively reduce flares and inflammation in treatment-resistant GA."
"The usefulness of various pathways inhibitors, Everolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Infliximab, a monoclonal antibody which blocks the tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), Erlotinib, a tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Metformin, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase enzyme (AMPK) and vascular permeability reducers…"
AMPKPMID 26172931
"The usefulness of various pathways inhibitors, Everolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Infliximab, a monoclonal antibody which blocks the tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-a), Erlotinib, a tyrosine protein kinase inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), Metformin, an activator of AMP-activated protein kinase enzyme (AMPK) and vascular permeability reducers…"
IGF-1PMID 25295265
"In the present study we assessed whether disease activity, systemic inflammation, MeS features, adipokines, and biomarkers of endothelial activation were associated with IGF-1 and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) levels in a series of 30 nondiabetic AS patients without CV disease undergoing TNF-α antagonist-infliximab therapy."
mTORPMID 25345753
"These strategies include: approaches targeting IKK-b-NF-kB (salicylates, salsalate), TNF-α (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), IL-1β (anakinra, canakinumab) and IL-6 (tocilizumab), AMP-activated protein kinase activators, sirtuin-1 activators, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonists."
AMPKPMID 25345753
"These strategies include: approaches targeting IKK-b-NF-kB (salicylates, salsalate), TNF-α (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), IL-1β (anakinra, canakinumab) and IL-6 (tocilizumab), AMP-activated protein kinase activators, sirtuin-1 activators, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonists."
sirtuinPMID 25345753
"These strategies include: approaches targeting IKK-b-NF-kB (salicylates, salsalate), TNF-α (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), IL-1β (anakinra, canakinumab) and IL-6 (tocilizumab), AMP-activated protein kinase activators, sirtuin-1 activators, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonists."
1 more recorded row
mTORPMID 26641096
"These include the calcineurin inhibitors cyclosporine A and tacrolimus, mTOR inhibitors, anti-tumor necrosis factor α treatment with infliximab, rituximab as well as cyclophosphamide."
recorded 2026-03-17 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 5 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 11 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
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