This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Glycine does in the body
Taken before bed for sleep quality, and for collagen and detox support
Glycine is the smallest amino acid and does two contradictory jobs in the nervous system — it calms neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem, and it is a required partner for the main excitatory receptor everywhere else. The sleep story does not depend on either directly. What was measured in rats is that oral glycine widened the blood vessels of the skin, dumped heat, and lowered core body temperature — the same physiological change that normally precedes falling asleep. So the proposal is that glycine hurries along a signal your body was going to send anyway, rather than sedating you.
What happened in people
Two small manufacturer-associated human studies reported improved subjective sleep quality before bedtime
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The recorded finding that sits closest to something a person would notice. Written into the record, not signed off, and it carries no population or interval.
The glycine sleep hypothesis is more interesting and more honest than its marketing, because it does not claim sedation
Where it acts
Suprachiasmatic nucleus and the thermoregulatory pathway to cutaneous vasculature for the sleep effect; brainstem and spinal cord for inhibitory glycine receptors
Kind of result
Symptoms and quality of life
Supervision
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
What the registries record it as
The supplement label database classes it as amino acid, under the name Glycine.
785 registered substances share the start of this name, which is why a search for it can return more than one thing.
FDA substance registry · 5W26884250 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
A limit recorded against this substance. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The four opening statements run to 125 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Randomisation
Randomisation means chance decides who gets which treatment.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like a coin toss deciding the groups.
Where that stops being true. A coin toss is fair once. Fairness here comes from doing it for everyone.
What people get wrong. It is thought to make groups identical. It makes them similar on average, including on things nobody measured.
Allocation of participants to arms by a chance process, so that unmeasured factors are balanced in expectation.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 21 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Healthy ageing
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Sleep
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Cholesterol
ldl cholesterol levels
Healthy ageing
mortality
Blood sugar
brain glucose uptake
Sleep
insomnia severity index
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
1 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Rate of change in SANS total score and change in average cognitive domain z-scores
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
CONSIST — adjunctive glycine and D-cycloserine in schizophrenia
No significant difference between glycine and placebo on SANS total score change or cognition
Repeated elsewhere
Failed to Replicate
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. A prespecified site-by-treatment-by-time interaction reached significance in post hoc testing, with one site favouring D-cycloserine — the classic shape of a chance finding in a null trial. Doses were far above supplement levels, which is what makes the null result informative about brain penetration.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral powder or capsule; also an approved 1.5% sterile irrigation solution by a completely different route
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
Subjective sleep quality with correlated polysomnographic changes
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
Yamadera 2007 — glycine before bedtime with polysomnography
How many people
11
Study design
Small human trial with polysomnographic recording
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Improved subjective sleep quality reported as correlating with polysomnographic changes
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Small sample of volunteers with self-reported sleep complaints rather than diagnosed insomnia. Glycine is distinctly sweet, which complicates placebo matching. Authorship overlaps with the amino acid manufacturer that produced the rest of this literature.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral powder or capsule; also an approved 1.5% sterile irrigation solution by a completely different route
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
Core body temperature, cutaneous blood flow, and plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glycine after oral administration
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
Bannai 2012 — rat thermoregulatory mechanism study
How many people
0
Study design
Preclinical mechanistic study in rats
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Significant increase in plasma and CSF glycine; significant decrease in core body temperature with increased cutaneous blood flow
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Rodent physiology. Sample size is recorded as zero because no human participants were enrolled. The thermoregulatory mechanism has not been measured alongside sleep architecture in people.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral powder or capsule; also an approved 1.5% sterile irrigation solution by a completely different route
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
RNAWiki holds 4 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.1 registered measure of this kind. No reviewed result.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.9 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in C. elegans (roundworm), Drosophila (fruit fly), Mouse, Dog, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it changes in the body◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
The path through the body
From what a person takes to what changes. A solid line is a step measured in people. A dashed line is a step nobody has measured that way.
Start
Glycine
What a person takes: Oral powder or capsule; also an approved 1.5% sterile irrigation solution by a completely different route.
The measurement behind this step
Sold in the United States as a dietary supplement under DSHEA, so no agency reviewed efficacy or safety before sale. Glycine is highly water-soluble and distinctly sweet, which is why it appears as a flavour-masking excipient in other supplements and why blinding it in a trial is harder than it looks. Anyone taking magnesium bisglycinate is also taking glycine: two glycine molecules per magnesium, about 86 percent of the chelate's mass, which is rarely counted in a total.
Getting in
Absorbed fast, into a pool the body already maintains
Glycine is the smallest amino acid and is absorbed quickly. It joins a free amino acid pool the body was already topping up on its own.
──Measured in people. Written by a person from the study named beside the step. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The measurement behind this step
Absorption is by sodium-dependent amino acid transporters and, for glycine-containing peptides, PepT1. Bannai and Kawai measured a significant rise in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glycine after oral administration in rats. The complication for any dose-response claim is that glycine is synthesised endogenously from serine by serine hydroxymethyltransferase, so exogenous glycine adds to a variable existing supply.
In the spinal cord and brainstem glycine quietens neurons. Everywhere else it is a required partner for the brain's main excitatory receptor. Same molecule, opposite jobs.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Strychnine-sensitive glycine receptors are pentameric chloride channels mediating fast inhibition in brainstem and spinal cord. The NMDA receptor requires glycine or D-serine at an obligatory co-agonist site for channel opening. The NMDA site is near-saturated at physiological concentrations, which limits how much exogenous glycine can add — and is the most likely reason the CONSIST trial found nothing.
The measured effect in animals is that glycine widens the blood vessels of the skin, so heat leaves the body and core temperature falls.
╌╌Measured in animals. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
The measurement behind this step
Bannai and Kawai measured a significant decrease in core body temperature associated with increased cutaneous blood flow after oral glycine in rats, and proposed an action in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. This is the only mechanistic chain in the glycine sleep literature with a direct physiological measurement behind it, and it explains the effect without invoking sedation at all.
Your body normally cools before you fall asleep and stays cool while you are asleep. Producing that cooling earlier plausibly brings sleep forward.
──Measured in people. Written by a person from the study named beside the step. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The measurement behind this step
The authors state the logic directly: sleep onset is known to involve a decrease in core body temperature, and a low core temperature is maintained during sleep in humans. The prediction this makes is testable and largely untested — a human trial should show core temperature and polysomnographic sleep latency moving together on the same nights, and no published study has reported that pairing.
The human outcome behind the claim is self-reported sleep quality in small groups of people who already felt they slept badly, in studies from the ingredient manufacturer.
──Measured in people. Written by a person from the study named beside the step. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The measurement behind this step
Yamadera et al. reported improved subjective sleep quality correlating with polysomnographic changes; Inagawa et al. reported subjective effects of pre-bedtime glycine. Bannai and Kawai summarise it as amelioration of subjective sleep quality "in individuals with insomniac tendencies." Common authorship with Ajinomoto runs through the human trials and the mechanistic work alike.
No suggested links are held for this record, so nothing is hidden from this path.
What we know
The record describes 5 steps from taking it to an effect in a person.
How we know it
Each step names the study behind it in the technical detail beside it.
What this does not prove
A change inside the body is a reason to look. It is not a result in a person.
Why it matters
A reader can see exactly where the chain stops being measured in people.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim binds any of these steps to a named population.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
insomnia severity index
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
changes in serum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers
changes in sputum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers
serum atherogenicity
ldl cholesterol levels
serum ferritin
glutathione concentrations
interleukein 6 concentrations
brain glucose uptake
brain inflammation
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
mortality
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (10)
m at 1 5 months
scale of prodromal symptoms total
y bocs
scale for the assessment of negative symptoms total
myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate
cognition
fecal calprotectin
ordinal scale
snot 22
respiratory exacerbations
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
People buying it for sleep, people taking it as part of a glycine-plus-N-acetylcysteine combination for ageing research reasons, and a very large number consuming it unknowingly as the counter-ion in magnesium glycinate.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness of Glycine Irrigation have not been established.”
US prescribing information · c10a4657-cf64-4a71-a247-363dd58993bc · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Glycine Irrigation, USP.”
US prescribing information · c10a4657-cf64-4a71-a247-363dd58993bc · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Caution should be exercised when Glycine Irrigation, USP is administered to a nursing woman.”
US prescribing information · c10a4657-cf64-4a71-a247-363dd58993bc · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
Oral glycine as an NMDA-targeting treatment in schizophrenia, null across 157 randomised patients
The classification of glycine as straightforwardly non-essential, now argued to be conditionally indispensable
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states.
On this record: This is sold as a supplement, so no agency checked what is in a given tub before it was sold.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (9)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral powder or capsule; also an approved 1.5% sterile irrigation solution by a completely different route
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold in the United States as a dietary supplement under DSHEA, so no agency reviewed efficacy or safety before sale.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold. The rest of the recorded wording: Glycine is highly water-soluble and distinctly sweet, which is why it appears as a flavour-masking excipient in other supplements and why blinding it in a trial is harder than it looks. Anyone taking magnesium bisglycinate is also taking glycine: two glycine molecules per magnesium, about 86 percent of the chelate's mass, which is rarely counted in a total.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
·Worth asking a clinician aboutWritten into the record from the studies named on this page
At gram doses orally, generally well tolerated with mild gastrointestinal upset and its sweet taste the commonest complaints. The informative safety data come from the surgical route: systemic absorption of glycine 1.5% irrigant during transurethral resection produces dilutional hyponatraemia with visual disturbance including transient blindness, nausea, confusion and, in severe cases, seizures, with the ammonia metabolite implicated in the encephalopathy. No comparable syndrome occurs at supplement doses. The point is that glycine has a known toxic profile at sufficient systemic exposure, so its safety at 3 g is a dose fact rather than a property of the molecule.
Nobody counted how many people took this and were fine, so this cannot be turned into a rate.
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Glycine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 122 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral powder or capsule; also an approved 1.5% sterile irrigation solution by a completely different route
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
A recorded note compares this form with the others that are sold. It is kept below, word for word.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
The recorded note, unchanged: Glycine is highly water-soluble and distinctly sweet, which is why it appears as a flavour-masking excipient in other supplements and why blinding it in a trial is harder than it looks. Anyone taking magnesium bisglycinate is also taking glycine: two glycine molecules per magnesium, about 86 percent of the chelate's mass, which is rarely counted in a total.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
80 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 13 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 12785-0005 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, injection, emulsion, injection, solution, irrigant, powder and solution, taken intravenous, irrigation, oral and sublingual.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 12785-0005 · read 2026-08-29
20 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 3 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · bbed9973-238f-47c5-9a50-ac0869a7eb3a · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · bbed9973-238f-47c5-9a50-ac0869a7eb3a · read 2026-08-29
24532 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as amino acid/protein and amino acid.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
Watching one thing carefully can tell you whether it moved. It cannot tell you what moved it.
This is sold without a prescription, so a person can sensibly watch one thing and see whether it moves.
Pick one goal. One goal only. Two at once cannot be told apart afterwards.
Pick one thing to watch. Registered studies measured things like: changes in serum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers; changes in sputum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers; serum atherogenicity.
Measure before you start. Take the same measurement several times first. One reading is not a starting point.
Know the swing. Write down how much it moves on its own across a normal week.
Change one thing. Change nothing else at the same time, including training and sleep.
Give it the study length. No finished study window is recorded, so no length is suggested here.
Track whether you took it. Missed days are the most common reason a home test shows nothing.
Read the trend. Look at the line across weeks. A single reading tells you almost nothing.
What not to measure
Anything that swings more day to day than the change you are looking for.
A wearable estimate of sleep stages, which is an estimate and not a measurement.
Weight on one morning, which mostly records water.
A feeling you did not write down before starting, such as: insomnia severity index.
When to stop
Stop if something new and unpleasant starts, and ask a pharmacist or doctor.
Stop if you cannot keep everything else steady, because the result will not mean anything.
Stop at the end of the window you set, and read the trend then.
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki does not work out an amount for anyone.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Claims that go past the evidence
Things said about this substance that sound reasonable, and the exact step that is missing between the evidence and the claim.
✗Goes past the evidence
That glycine is a sedative — the proposed mechanism is thermoregulatory, not sedative
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That oral glycine meaningfully modulates NMDA receptor function, which a full trial at higher doses could not achieve
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That "it is just an amino acid" is a safety argument rather than a dose argument
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That the sleep claim is established, when the evidence is two small unreplicated studies from one source
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Glycine are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Every line above can be traced to the study named beside it. Follow the link and read it.
CONSIST: 157 patients, 16 weeks, glycine no different from placebo
In plain words
The largest randomised trial of oral glycine for any condition tested it in schizophrenia. Across 157 patients over sixteen weeks it did nothing that placebo did not.
What was measured
Rate of change in SANS total score and change in average cognitive domain z-scores over 16 weeks
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
This entry records a failure.
From the source
The Cognitive and Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia Trial was a 16-week double-blind, double-dummy, parallel-group randomised trial of adjunctive glycine, D-cycloserine or placebo at four US sites and one in Israel, in 157 inpatients and outpatients meeting DSM-IV criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder with moderate to severe negative symptoms. The primary outcomes were the average rate of change of Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms total scores and change in average cognitive domain z-scores. There were no significant differences in SANS total score change between glycine and placebo, or between D-cycloserine and placebo. A prespecified test for the site-by-treatment-by-time interaction was significant in post hoc analysis, with one site showing greater SANS reduction on D-cycloserine — a single-site post hoc signal that is exactly what a null trial produces by chance. Why this matters to a supplement page: the trial was designed on the premise that oral glycine could raise brain glycine enough to change NMDA receptor function, using doses far above any supplement. It could not.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
The mechanism that survives is temperature, and it was measured in rats
In plain words
Oral glycine in rats opened skin blood vessels and lowered core body temperature — the same drop that normally happens as you fall asleep. That is the proposed mechanism, and it is not sedation.
What was measured
Core body temperature, cutaneous blood flow, and plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glycine concentration after oral glycine in rats
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Bannai and Kawai report that oral administration of glycine to rats induced a significant increase in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid glycine concentrations and a significant decrease in core body temperature associated with an increase in cutaneous blood flow. Their stated interpretation is that "the decline in the core body temperature might be a mechanism underlying glycine's effect on sleep, as the onset of sleep is known to involve a decrease in the core body temperature," and that a low core temperature is maintained during sleep in humans. This is a coherent and testable hypothesis and it is markedly more honest than the sedative framing used in marketing. Two limits belong with it. The thermoregulatory measurements are in rats, not people. And the authors are associated with Ajinomoto, the amino acid manufacturer that also produced the human sleep trials, so mechanism and outcome come from the same source.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
The human sleep evidence is two small studies from one company
In plain words
The claim that glycine improves sleep rests on a 2006 subjective study and a 2007 study with sleep recordings, both small, both from the same research group at an amino acid manufacturer.
What was measured
That glycine is an established sleep aid, when the human evidence is two small studies sharing authorship with the ingredient manufacturer and has not been independently replicated at scale
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Inagawa and colleagues reported subjective effects of glycine ingestion before bedtime on sleep quality in 2006; Yamadera and colleagues reported in 2007 that glycine ingestion improves subjective sleep quality in human volunteers, correlating with polysomnographic changes. Bannai and Kawai summarise the finding as glycine before bedtime "significantly ameliorated subjective sleep quality in individuals with insomniac tendencies." The structural problem is not that these are bad studies but that they are the whole evidence base: small samples, self-selected participants with sleep complaints rather than diagnosed insomnia, primary endpoints that are questionnaires, and common authorship with the manufacturer. Independent replication at scale has not happened. Glycine is also distinctly sweet, which makes placebo matching harder than it sounds and is rarely addressed. A claim can be true and still be unsupported; this one is currently in that state.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Glycine at high systemic dose is genuinely toxic, and surgery proves it
In plain words
Glycine 1.5% is an approved surgical irrigation fluid. When enough of it is absorbed during prostate surgery it causes a recognised syndrome with confusion, visual disturbance and seizures.
What was measured
Approved prescription status and recognised systemic toxicity of glycine as a surgical irrigant
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Glycine 1.5% irrigation solution holds multiple FDA approvals, including NDA 017865 and NDA 018315, as a prescription irrigant for transurethral surgery. Its recognised complication, transurethral resection syndrome, arises when irrigation fluid is absorbed through open prostatic venous sinuses, producing dilutional hyponatraemia together with effects attributed to glycine itself and to its metabolite ammonia: visual disturbance including transient blindness, nausea, confusion, and in severe cases seizures and coma. The relevance to a supplement page is a matter of principle rather than of risk at ordinary doses. "It is only an amino acid" is a claim about identity, not about dose. Glycine has a defined toxic syndrome at the systemic exposures a litre of absorbed irrigant produces, and the absence of that syndrome at 3 g orally is a statement about quantity, not about the molecule being inert.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
The NMDA site is already nearly full, which is why more glycine changes little
In plain words
Glycine is required for the brain's main excitatory receptor to work, but that site is already close to saturated. Adding more glycine has little room to act — which is what the schizophrenia trial found.
What was measured
That oral glycine meaningfully modulates NMDA receptor function in the human brain
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
The NMDA receptor glycine co-agonist site has sub-micromolar affinity and, at physiological cerebrospinal fluid glycine and D-serine concentrations, sits close to saturation in most brain regions. This is the pharmacological explanation for a pattern that recurs across the glycine literature: doses far above supplement levels, used specifically to raise brain glycine, fail to change NMDA-dependent outcomes. CONSIST is the clearest example, and it is why the field moved to glycine transporter type 1 inhibitors, which raise synaptic glycine locally rather than flooding the whole compartment. Any supplement claim that invokes NMDA modulation as its mechanism has to explain how a few grams orally achieves what a full clinical trial programme at higher doses did not.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Glycine stopped being called non-essential, and that is a real reclassification
In plain words
Glycine was long listed as an amino acid the body makes enough of. The current view is that endogenous synthesis may not cover demand, particularly for collagen turnover.
What was measured
That because glycine is synthesised endogenously it cannot be limiting, or conversely that a conditional-indispensability argument establishes a clinical benefit
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
Bannai and Kawai describe glycine as "a non-essential amino acid," the classification it carried for decades. That classification has been challenged on a straightforward accounting argument: collagen is roughly one-third glycine by residue, collagen turnover is continuous, and the endogenous synthetic capacity from serine via serine hydroxymethyltransferase has been estimated to fall short of the total requirement, making glycine conditionally indispensable. The argument is a calculation rather than a randomised finding, and it is contested. It matters here because it is the strongest available rationale for supplementation and because it points away from the sleep claim entirely: if glycine is conditionally limiting, the endpoint to look for is connective tissue and glutathione synthesis, not sleep latency. No adequately powered trial has tested that endpoint.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
4 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
The older medicine-wide conclusion held in this record
Written for a clinical reader, and about the medicine as a whole rather than about one indication, population and set of trials. RNAWiki does not treat it as a programme conclusion and no reviewer has signed it off in that form. It is here word for word because it is what the record holds.
The sleep effect is plausible, mechanistically coherent through a fall in core body temperature rather than sedation, and rests on small trials largely generated by a single amino acid manufacturer; meanwhile CONSIST, the largest randomised trial of oral glycine for any indication, found no difference from placebo across 157 patients over 16 weeks.
Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q1
What did Glycine's largest trial (480 people) and its longest (14 years) measure?
480 people in Glycine's largest registered study, 14 years in its longest registered window, measuring Mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
18 na, 13 phase2, 9 phase3, 3 early phase1, 2 phase4, 1 phase1; NCT01105169; 2025-07-08. Last human test completed 2025, NCT07643675.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Glycine was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
18
phase2
13
phase3
9
early phase1
3
phase4
2
phase1
1
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT07643675
2025-12-01
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From C. elegans to human: where has Glycine shown lifespan?
292 mice; cohorts C2014; cohort rows are the workbook's own printed values; no median, percent change or survival statistic is derived from the per-animal data
Show the evidence
ITP cohortC2014
glycine; 80000; 9.0 months; f, m; ITP_C2014_Lifespan.xlsx
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
6 of Glycine's trials stopped: futility/efficacy, accrual/recruitment, other?
futility/efficacy (2), accrual/recruitment (2) and other (2): Glycine's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Pairing D-Cycloserine with Clozapine was found to worsen negative side effects in patients with Schizophrenia, so the study was suspended."; 6 of 42 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00000372
withdrawn; "Pairing D-Cycloserine with Clozapine was found to worsen negative side effects in patients with Schizophrenia, so the study was suspended."
NCT00575848
terminated; "Slow enrollment and due to personnel change there was no viable way to quantify glycine levels through imaging"
NCT00913692
terminated; "Terminated due to slow recruitment."
NCT01417481
terminated; "Some of the researchers finished their participation in the study."
NCT04443673
terminated; "An interim analysis showed no difference in major outcomes (n=35 glycine and n=24 control participants)"
NCT04703036
terminated; "Futility due to inability to recruit participants meeting entry criteria."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Mouse studies of Glycine used 80,000 ppm — over how long?
Mouse studies of Glycine used "80,000 ppm". clinicaltrials.gov+jax-mpd-itp · 2026-09-04
2 recorded entries; mouse, human; tablet; also "Magnesium Glycinate tablet 200mg"
Show the evidence
mouseglycine C2014
80,000 ppm
humanNCT04880460
tablet; Magnesium Glycinate tablet 200mg
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Did Glycine move Horvath, and by how much?
Horvath: "Unexpectedly, a mutation of glycine residues in the FP of the fusion (F) protein from the paramyxovirus simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) resulted in mutant F proteins with hyperactive fusion phenotypes (C. M. Horvath and R. A. Lamb, J. Virol." Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2004-12-01
2 recorded sentences; 2004, 1997; biomarker
Show the evidence
Horvath
PMID 15564482
2004; "Unexpectedly, a mutation of glycine residues in the FP of the fusion (F) protein from the paramyxovirus simian parainfluenza virus 5 (SV5) resulted in mutant F proteins with hyperactive fusion phenotypes (C. M. Horvath and R. A. Lamb, J. Virol."
PMID 9400601
1997; "Simian virus 5 fusion (F) protein mutant F-G3A, which contains a glycine-to-alanine substitution at position 3 in the conserved hydrophobic fusion peptide at the N-terminus of the F1 subunit, has been shown previously to cause increased syncytium formation compared to wild-type (wt) F protein, when expressed using an SV40 recombinant virus vector system (C. M. Horvath and R. A. Lamb (1992) J.…"
recorded 2004-12-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Could one person measure Glycine's effect on m at 1 5 months?
M at 1 5 months: measured in Glycine's trials.
m at 1 5 months is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
m at 1 5 months; 2026-09-01
scale of prodromal symptoms total; 2026-09-01
y bocs; 2026-09-01
scale for the assessment of negative symptoms total; 2026-09-01
changes in serum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers; 2026-09-01
changes in sputum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers; 2026-09-01
0; NCT00000372; PHASE3; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q8
Which of brain glucose uptake, brain inflammation and changes in serum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers did Glycine's trials measure?
brain glucose uptake, brain inflammation and changes in serum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers lead 21 outcome terms across Glycine's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation scale for the assessment of negative symptoms total, changes in serum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers, changes in sputum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers, myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate, serum atherogenicity and cognition follow.
Show the evidence
m at 1 5 months
1
scale of prodromal symptoms total
1
y bocs
1
scale for the assessment of negative symptoms total
1
changes in serum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers
1
changes in sputum concentration of inflammatory biomarkers
1
14 more recorded rows
myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate
1
serum atherogenicity
1
cognition
1
ldl cholesterol levels
1
serum ferritin
1
fecal calprotectin
1
mortality
1
glutathione concentrations
1
interleukein 6 concentrations
1
ordinal scale
1
brain glucose uptake
1
brain inflammation
1
snot 22
1
respiratory exacerbations
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which of Glycine's 11 ongoing trials reports first?
Cognition; Change in SARS-CoV-2 Levels; latest 2029-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03493178
"Glutathione in Mild Cognitive Impairment"; n 60; "Cognition"; 2026-12-31
NCT04740580
"Glutathione, Brain Metabolism and Inflammation in Alzheimer's Disease"; n 52; "Cognition"; 2026-12-31
NCT05799521
"A Nasal Treatment for COVID-19"; n 24; "Change in SARS-CoV-2 Levels"; 2027-03-30
NCT06014983
"Efficacy and Adverse Side Effects of Two Forms of Iron in Pregnancy"; n 172; "Maternal ferritin concentration"; 2027-01
NCT06959251
"Glycine and Magnesium+Thiamine for the Treatment of Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia"; n 60; "Number of respiratory exacerbations"; 2028-03
NCT06996171
"Comparative Efficacy of Magnesium Supplement and Melatonin Congener in Young Adults With Primary Insomnia"; n 60; "Insomnia Severity Index (ISI)"; 2025-10-30
5 further recorded trials
NCT07285135
"Dietary Glycine Supplementation in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease"; n 60; "Changes in hepatic Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Proton Density Fat Fraction and concentrations of acylglycines, glutathione, cytokines, oxidative stress markers, and 1-carbon cycle metabolites from baseline to 26 weeks"; 2029-01
NCT07575984
"Mexidol® Safety and Efficacy in Treatment of Hyperacute and Acute Ischemic Stroke"; n 120; "Infarct Volume at Visit 2 (Day 11)"; 2027-04
NCT07585045
"Effectiveness of Oral Magnesium Supplementation in Fibromyalgia Patients Not Responding to Standard Treatment"; n 86; "Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQR)"; 2027-02-26
NCT07640685
"UCLA Magnesium Formulation Athlete Study"; n 150; "Change in WHOOP-derived sleep efficiency percentage from baseline week to final treatment week"; 2027-06
NCT07655817
"Oral Versus Intravenous Magnesium on Emergence Delirium"; n 360; "Incidence of emergence delirium"; 2026-12-25
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Which 8 trials of Glycine posted no result?
Posted no result
8 of 8 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00005658, NCT00222235, NCT00268749, NCT00405535, NCT02315391 and NCT03009578, and 2 more
Completion dates
oldest 2002-01; newest 2023-12-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00005658
2002-01
NCT00222235
2004-06
NCT00268749
2004-11
NCT00405535
2006-12
NCT02315391
2013-12
NCT03009578
2018-06-05
2 further recorded trials
NCT04880460
2021-11-21
NCT04017598
2023-12-01
Q11
At the median, Glycine's trials enrolled 60 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
60
Largest enrolment
480
Registered trials counted
42
Q12
What do 122 spontaneous reports say about Glycine — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Glycine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 122 reaction mentions were counted: parenteral nutrition associated liver disease 50; foetal growth restriction 15; cerebral haemorrhage 12; extravasation 11. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL773 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
parenteral nutrition associated liver disease
50
foetal growth restriction
15
cerebral haemorrhage
12
extravasation
11
apnoea neonatal
8
feeding disorder neonatal
8
4 more recorded rows
cholestasis
5
hyperpyrexia
5
caesarean section
4
maternal exposure timing unspecified
4
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
What is recorded about Glycine and IGF-1?
"Likewise, IGF-1 did not inhibit responses to NMDA/glycine; and IGF-1 did not affect glutamate responses in the presence of CNQX, a selective AMPA receptor blocker." — where Glycine and IGF-1 appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-07-02
"Likewise, IGF-1 did not inhibit responses to NMDA/glycine; and IGF-1 did not affect glutamate responses in the presence of CNQX, a selective AMPA receptor blocker."
mTOR
PMID 42193058
"Inhibition of PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling by LY294002 abolished glycine-induced α-casein synthesis, and this effect was reversed by glycine co-treatment."
PMID 42193058
"These findings demonstrate that glycine enhances α-casein synthesis through activation of the PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway."
AMPKPMID 42260976
"Collectively, these findings revealed that viruses weaponized the moonlighting function of a metabolic enzyme to dismantle autophagic flux, highlighting PHGDH as a broad-spectrum antiviral target that bridged metabolism and membrane trafficking.<b>Abbreviation:</b> AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; BECN1: beclin 1; CQ: chloroquine; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3;…"
autophagyPMID 42260976
"Collectively, these findings revealed that viruses weaponized the moonlighting function of a metabolic enzyme to dismantle autophagic flux, highlighting PHGDH as a broad-spectrum antiviral target that bridged metabolism and membrane trafficking.<b>Abbreviation:</b> AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; BECN1: beclin 1; CQ: chloroquine; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3;…"
mTORPMID 42450745
"This study aimed to determine whether an optimal ratio of glycine, asparagine, and phenylalanine could synergistically promote α-casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and to elucidate its mechanism via the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway."
AMPKPMID 42450674
"Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests that glycine may modulate key signaling pathways, including the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) pathway."
NAD+
"Previous studies indicated that mitochondrial NAD-dependent and plastidial NADP-dependent malic enzymes (MEs; EC 1.1.1.39 and 1.1.1.40, respectively) participate in providing reducing power and citrate or acetyl-CoA, respectively, to fatty acid biosynthesis in soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) embryos."
autophagy
PMID 41147487
"Together, these results identified a novel GRID1/GluD1-dependent trans-synaptic autophagy mechanism, the deficit of which drives chronic pain.<b>Abbreviations</b>: aCSF: artificial cerebro spinal fluid; AMPARs: α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors; ATG: autophagy related; BAPTA: 1,2-bis(o-aminophenoxy)ethane-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid; BECN1: beclin 1; CBLN1: cerebellin…"
PMID 39696051
"We conducted a comprehensive assessment of RCC progression under conditions of exogenous serine/glycine deprivation and explored the underlying mechanism via immunofluorescence, autophagic flux analysis, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) and oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measurements."
NAD+PMID 39696051
"Mechanistically, the deprivation of exogenous serine/glycine disrupted one-carbon metabolism and increased the ratio of NAD(P)<sup>+</sup>/NAD(P)H, resulting in the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress, which induced autophagic flux and enhanced lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP), leading to the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm, which…"
AMPKPMID 38236410
"Glycine supplementation improved apoptosis of human proximal tubule cells via the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway."
recorded 2026-07-02 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
Revlon Mitchum Clinical Gel, Right Guard Sport Antiperspirant Deodorant Gel Cool, Right Guard Sport Antiperspirant Deodorant Gel Fresh, Right Guard Xtreme Defense Antiperspirant Deodorant Gel Arctic Refresh
Sources (11)
Sources
ClinicalTrials.govClinicalTrials.gov API v2 snapshot 2026-09-01T09:00:05 ·
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · NIA ITP via the JAX Mouse Phenome Database · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md
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✓ source coverage passed: 11 source rows
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