Its recorded molecular formula is C15H10O5, weighing 270.24.
PubChem record · 5280961 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No plain explanation of what this changes is stored.
No recorded use is stored in reader language.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 26 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 23 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved3 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved3 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Focus
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Blood sugar
homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; fasting plasma glucose; hba1c
Cholesterol
total cholesterol; triglyceride; high density lipoprotein cholesterol
Focus
cognitive function
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
3 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Efficacy:
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00355953
How many people
400
Study design
Phase 2/Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00118846
How many people
350
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Incidence and severity of neurotoxicity as assessed by American Society for Transplantation and Cellular Therapy (ASCT) Immune Effector Cell-Associated Encephalopathy (ICE) consensus grading system
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07173166
How many people
338
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Bone Mineral Density
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00661856
How many people
203
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in Bone mineral density
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03040531
How many people
200
Study design
Phase 2/Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Changes in postprandial glucose responses
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05723913
How many people
200
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.1 registered measure of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.1 registered measure of this kind.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.9 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in C. elegans (roundworm), Drosophila (fruit fly), Mouse, Rat, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
bone mineral density
homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance
fasting plasma glucose
hba1c
total cholesterol
triglyceride
high density lipoprotein cholesterol
plasma c terminal telopeptide
inflammatory markers
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
cognitive function
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (13)
toxicity
coronary blood flow
efficacy
cardiovascular risk factors
safety
endometrial thickness
alive
homa ir
adverse events
tumor size
intestinal microbiota
ecg qtc interval
clinical laboratory values
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
No description of who was studied is recorded.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No form or route is recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing is recorded about product quality.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
The exact form studied is not recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
162 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as non-nutrient/non-botanical and other combinations.
Those labels carry all other and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
Watching one thing carefully can tell you whether it moved. It cannot tell you what moved it.
This is sold without a prescription, so a person can sensibly watch one thing and see whether it moves.
Pick one goal. One goal only. Two at once cannot be told apart afterwards.
Pick one thing to watch. Registered studies measured things like: bone mineral density; homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; fasting plasma glucose.
Measure before you start. Take the same measurement several times first. One reading is not a starting point.
Know the swing. Write down how much it moves on its own across a normal week.
Change one thing. Change nothing else at the same time, including training and sleep.
Give it the study length. No finished study window is recorded, so no length is suggested here.
Track whether you took it. Missed days are the most common reason a home test shows nothing.
Read the trend. Look at the line across weeks. A single reading tells you almost nothing.
What not to measure
Anything that swings more day to day than the change you are looking for.
A wearable estimate of sleep stages, which is an estimate and not a measurement.
Weight on one morning, which mostly records water.
A feeling you did not write down before starting.
When to stop
Stop if something new and unpleasant starts, and ask a pharmacist or doctor.
Stop if you cannot keep everything else steady, because the result will not mean anything.
Stop at the end of the window you set, and read the trend then.
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki does not work out an amount for anyone.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Genistein are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
DH2M523P0H
CAS registry number
446-72-0
PubChem compound
5280961
ChEBI
28088
WHO international nonproprietary name list entry
11073
RxNorm concept
25696
EMA substance identifier
100000078160
European Chemicals Agency number
207-174-9
DrugBank
DB01645
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✗ Not passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries no source: the record holds neither an explanation nor a recorded use.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✓ Passed
Safety mode resolved
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What to learn next
Ordered by what would most change how you read this page, starting with what is easiest to misunderstand.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
7 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
How this medicine reached us — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q1
What did Genistein's largest trial (400 people) and its longest (8.2 years) measure?
400 people in Genistein's largest registered study, 8.2 years in its longest registered window, measuring Modulation of biomarkers: PSA, Testosterone, STAMP1, STAMP2, NKX3A and KLK4, p21, p27, p53, bcl-2, bax, Ki67, CgA and NSE in blood and/or prostate tissue. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
28 phase2, 16 phase1, 9 na, 4 phase3, 1 early phase1, 1 phase4; NCT00276835; 2014-01; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2025, NCT07742501.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Genistein was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase2
28
phase1
16
na
9
phase3
4
early phase1
1
phase4
1
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT07742501
2025-10-14
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From C. elegans to human: where has Genistein shown lifespan?
Modulation of biomarkers: PSA, Testosterone, STAMP1, STAMP2, NKX3A and KLK4, p21, p27, p53, bcl-2, bax, Ki67, CgA and NSE in blood and/or prostate tissue. — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
C. elegans
lifespan
Drosophila
lifespan
NHP
mechanism-only
mouse
lifespan
rat
mechanism-only
humanNCT00546039
biomarker; Modulation of biomarkers: PSA, Testosterone, STAMP1, STAMP2, NKX3A and KLK4, p21, p27, p53, bcl-2, bax, Ki67, CgA and NSE in blood and/or prostate tissue.; 46
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
7 of Genistein's trials stopped: accrual/recruitment, other?
Could one person measure Genistein's effect on toxicity?
Toxicity: measured in Genistein's trials.
Interpretation toxicity is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
toxicity; 2026-09-01
coronary blood flow; 2026-09-01
efficacy; 2026-09-01
bone mineral density; 2026-09-01
cardiovascular risk factors; 2026-09-01
safety; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
endometrial thickness; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
alive; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
fasting plasma glucose; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hba1c; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
homa ir; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
total cholesterol; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
triglyceride; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
high density lipoprotein cholesterol; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
adverse events; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
tumor size; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
plasma c terminal telopeptide; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
intestinal microbiota; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
ecg qtc interval; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
22
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
0; NCT00005827; PHASE1; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q6
Which of adverse events, alive and bone mineral density did Genistein's trials measure?
adverse events, alive and bone mineral density lead 23 outcome terms across Genistein's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation bone mineral density, cardiovascular risk factors, safety, endometrial thickness, alive and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance follow.
Show the evidence
toxicity
1
coronary blood flow
1
efficacy
1
bone mineral density
1
cardiovascular risk factors
1
safety
1
14 more recorded rows
endometrial thickness
1
alive
1
homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance
1
fasting plasma glucose
1
hba1c
1
homa ir
1
total cholesterol
1
triglyceride
1
high density lipoprotein cholesterol
1
adverse events
1
tumor size
1
plasma c terminal telopeptide
1
intestinal microbiota
1
ecg qtc interval
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of Genistein's 7 ongoing trials reports first?
HF inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers; Inflammatory markers; latest 2029-01-06
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT06501768
"Cardiovascular Genistein Therapy for Heart Failure Inflammation"; n 40; "HF inflammatory and cardiometabolic markers"; 2026-09-01
NCT06634108
"Genistein in trAnSthyretin recePtor Amyloid caRdiomyopathy"; n 20; "Inflammatory markers"; 2025-12-01
NCT06689566
"Evaluating Metabolic and Anti-inflammatory Effect of Genistein on Post-myocardial Infarction Patients"; n 73; "Change of triglyceride"; 2027-12
NCT07033767
"Exploring a Natural Solution for Childhood Obesity"; n 30; "Change in Body Mass Index (BMI) z-score"; 2026-12
NCT07323732
"A Study of BIO 300 and Thoracic Radiation Therapy in People With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Interstitial Lung Disease"; n 25; "Pneumonitis free survival"; 2029-01-06
NCT07385937
"Effectiveness of Genistein in Mild Cognitive Impairment"; n 150; "Cognitive function"; 2027-12
1 further recorded trialNCT07785388
"Genistein for the Reduction of Adverse Cardiovascular Events (GRACE)"; n 60; "Investigate whether genistein attenuates HIV-induced inflammation."; 2028-06-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which running trial of Genistein could settle inflammatory markers?
NCT06634108 measures Inflammatory markers, reading out 2025-12-01.
3 open trials; n 20; "Genistein in trAnSthyretin recePtor Amyloid caRdiomyopathy"
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT06634108
"Genistein in trAnSthyretin recePtor Amyloid caRdiomyopathy"; n 20; "Inflammatory markers"; 2025-12-01
NCT07785388
"Genistein for the Reduction of Adverse Cardiovascular Events (GRACE)"; n 60; "Investigate whether genistein attenuates HIV-induced inflammation."; 2028-06-30
NCT07323732
"A Study of BIO 300 and Thoracic Radiation Therapy in People With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Interstitial Lung Disease"; n 25; "Pneumonitis free survival"; 2029-01-06
Q9
Which 12 trials of Genistein posted no result?
Posted no result
12 of 12 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00001696, NCT00000613, NCT00355953, NCT00099008, NCT00504335 and NCT01664650, and 6 more
Completion dates
oldest 2001-03; newest 2020-12-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00001696
2001-03
NCT00000613
2004-12
NCT00355953
2005-06
NCT00099008
2006-07
NCT00504335
2007-10
NCT01664650
2011-01
6 further recorded trials
NCT00541710
2011-09
NCT00276835
2014-01
NCT02174666
2016-11
NCT04105023
2018-12-01
NCT02075112
2019-09
NCT01982578
2020-12-31
Q10
At the median, Genistein's trials enrolled 34 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
34
Largest enrolment
400
Registered trials counted
45
Q11
Was Genistein studied with fasting and exercise?
fasting and exercise are named in Genistein's label sentences: "The meta-analysis revealed that, compared to the placebo group, genistein supplementation significantly improved the levels of TC ([MD 95% CI: -9.38 [-14.64, -4.12]; <i>p</i> < 0.001]), LDL-C ([MD 95% CI: -11.14 [-19.42, -2.86]; <i>p</i> < 0.001]), Lp(a) levels ([MD 95% CI: -0.69 [-0.98, -0.41];…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2025-03-18
One hundred adult mice (50 females, 50 males) aged 6 weeks were randomized into 5 groups, including lean controls, obese diabetic controls, and obese diabetic mice treated with genistein, exercise training, and genistein plus exercise training.
recorded 2025-03-18 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
What is recorded about Genistein and AMPK?
"In vitro, BMDMs were stimulated with LPS and treated with genistein, with or without AMPK (Compound C) or SIRT1 (EX-527) inhibitors, to investigate macrophage polarization and the underlying AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway." — where Genistein and AMPK appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-02-27
"In vitro, BMDMs were stimulated with LPS and treated with genistein, with or without AMPK (Compound C) or SIRT1 (EX-527) inhibitors, to investigate macrophage polarization and the underlying AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway."
sirtuinPMID 41331137
"In vitro, BMDMs were stimulated with LPS and treated with genistein, with or without AMPK (Compound C) or SIRT1 (EX-527) inhibitors, to investigate macrophage polarization and the underlying AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway."
AMPKPMID 41331137
"Critically, the beneficial effects of genistein on both macrophage polarization and flap survival were abolished upon pharmacological inhibition of AMPK or SIRT1."
sirtuinPMID 41331137
"Critically, the beneficial effects of genistein on both macrophage polarization and flap survival were abolished upon pharmacological inhibition of AMPK or SIRT1."
AMPKPMID 41331137
"Genistein enhances the survival of random-pattern skin flaps by reprogramming macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 via the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway."
sirtuinPMID 41331137
"Genistein enhances the survival of random-pattern skin flaps by reprogramming macrophage polarization from M1 to M2 via the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway."
autophagy
PMID 41764819
"The present study systematically investigates the protective effects of genistein, a naturally occurring soy isoflavone, against osteoporosis by targeting osteoclast differentiation and autophagy, as well we the underlying mechanism."
PMID 41764819
"Using RANKL-stimulated RAW264.7 cells as an in vitro model, we found that genistein treatment significantly and dose-dependently inhibited osteoclast formation and autophagic activity, which was evidenced by reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity, fewer autophagic vacuoles observed under transmission electron microscopy, decreased protein levels of LC3-II/I and Beclin1, and…"
PMID 41764819
"Consistent with in vitro findings, genistein reduced osteoclast numbers and modulated autophagy markers in femoral tissues."
NAD+
PMID 37648097
"Genistein-bound PHB1 contributed to the stabilization of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β through the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, resulting in increased NAMPT expression at the transcriptional level."
PMID 37648097
"Genistein induced the dephosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor at serine 273 and increased the level of the insulin-sensitizing adipokine adiponectin in adipocytes, whereas the knockdown of Nampt and Phb1 abolished these genistein-mediated effects."
"Genistein-bound PHB1 contributed to the stabilization of the transcription factor CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β through activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, resulting in increased NAMPT expression at the transcriptional level."
mTOR
PMID 37855439
"Genistein contributes to granulosa cell (GC) survival by two routes: one is that genistein induced p-AMPK and inhibited p-mTOR, which induces LC3 activation and autophagy; the other is that genistein inhibited caspase-3 and its cleavage, which induces PARP1 activation and PARylation."
PMID 39030833
"By integrating multiple databases, it was determined that SJD exerted its therapeutic effect on AA by targeting three key targets [mammalian target of rapamycin (MTOR), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)] through four core compounds (quercetin, resveratrol, genistein and curcumin)."
PMID 39420031
"Genistein inhibited O-GlcNAcylation status of HIF-1α through the mTOR/O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) pathway, promoting its ubiquitination as well as the subsequent proteasomal degradation."
recorded 2026-02-27 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 3 required field(s) not terminal: Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 9 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
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