This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Galantamine does in the body
Mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type
From the FDA-approved label: Although the etiology of cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is not fully understood, it has been reported that acetylcholine-producing neurons degenerate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The degree of this cholinergic loss has been correlated with degree of cognitive impairment and density of amyloid plaques (a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease). Galantamine, a tertiary alkaloid, is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. While the precise mechanism of galantamine’s action is unknown, it is postulated to exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · MJ4PTD2VVW · read 2026-08-29
The supplement label database classes it as other, under the name Galantamine.
Its recorded molecular formula is C17H21NO3•HBr, weighing 368.27.
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 113 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 25 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Focus
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
1 registered performance measure of this kind.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
1 registered test measure.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Change From Baseline in the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) Score
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00679627
How many people
2051
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change From Baseline in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale - Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) Total Score at Week 48, as a Function of APOE ε4 Status in APOE4 Negatives Cohort
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00348140
How many people
1468
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
What a body can do day to day
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Dementia Management Quality Measurement Set
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05669365
How many people
1227
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The primary outcome is a combination of complete BADL dependency in bathing and dressing and/or institutionalization or death at 2 years after randomization.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03454646
How many people
1205
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
New Occurrence in Dementia Care-A Composite Endpoint Including New Cognitive Diagnoses, Laboratory Investigations Related to Cognitive Impairment, New Dementia Prescriptions, and Cognitive Related Referrals.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03816644
How many people
1201
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Memory and cognition (ADAS-COG/MCI and CDR-SB scores), global functional skills and overall severity of dementia (the CDR-SB and the overall Clinical Dementia Rating) measured at 12 and 24 months.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00236431
How many people
1063
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
What a body can do day to day
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.1 registered measure of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.1 registered measure of this kind.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.5 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
cognitive function
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (18)
physical function
side effects
mini mental state examination
cocaine use
cocaine abstinence
scale for the assessment of negative symptoms total
simple reaction time
choice reaction time
hopkins verbal learning test
rate and extend of absorption
discontinuation rates
bioequivalence on cmax and auc parameters
fmri
oxidative stress baseline to 2 hours
oxidative stress baseline to 4 hours
assessment of frequency and severity of adverse events
cognition
nihss
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 7 hours hours
Read from the label, which states: “Galantamine has a terminal half-life of about 7 hours.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Galantamine hydrobromide extended-release capsules are indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer's type. Galantamine hydrobromide is a cholinesterase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type ( 1 )
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.”
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Eight double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials and 5 open-label trials in a total of 6519 patients have investigated galantamine in the treatment of mild to moderate dementia of the Alzheimer’s type [see Adverse Reactions (6.1) and Clinical Studies (14) ] .”
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women.”
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk.”
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “In patients with moderate hepatic impairment, a dosage adjustment is recommended.”
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “In patients with a creatinine clearance of 9 mL to 59 mL/min, a dosage adjustment is recommended.”
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as tablet, capsule, extended release, solution, tablet, film coated, given by the oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Galantamine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 2025 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
fall — 265 reaction mentions
cognitive disorder — 214 reaction mentions
hypotension — 214 reaction mentions
sedation — 204 reaction mentions
balance disorder — 202 reaction mentions
constipation — 202 reaction mentions
orthostatic hypotension — 199 reaction mentions
depressed level of consciousness — 180 reaction mentions
pain — 175 reaction mentions
toxicity to various agents — 170 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
43 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 43 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65862-487 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as capsule, extended release, powder, solution and tablet, film coated, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65862-487 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is cholinesterase inhibitor [epc] and cholinesterase inhibitors [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65862-487 · read 2026-08-29
17 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 17 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-29
3 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as botanical, non-nutrient/non-botanical and other.
Those labels carry all other and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Galantamine Hydrobromide is oral at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Galantamine Oral Solution USP, 4 mg/mL is a clear, colorless to pale yellow solution supplied in 100 mL bottles with a calibrated (in milliliters) syringe., recorded as fda label in effect 2023-10-25 in the United States.
US prescribing information · d5b0e225-e94d-4324-afb2-b6e51c949dd0 · read 2026-08-30
Recorded price in US: 0.28403–0.53324 USD per one unit as the pricing file counts it — a tablet, capsule, patch or single item, across 11 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Galantamine studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Galantamine are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
How many documents were read
17 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
17 of them state the same halfLife, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
17 of them state the same bioavailability, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
17 of them state the same tMax, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
17 of them state the same proteinBinding, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
MJ4PTD2VVW
RxNorm concept
860695
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How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
25 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA021169, approved 20010228 to JANSSEN PHARMS.
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5 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (14)
Q1
What did Galantamine's largest trial (2051 people) and its longest (10 years) measure?
2051 people in Galantamine's largest registered study, 10 years in its longest registered window, measuring Physical Function (Measured by the FIM-motor). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
26 phase3, 20 phase4, 18 phase2, 12 phase1, 8 na, 5 na or unstated; NCT03124355; 2027-12; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2022, NCT03384784.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Galantamine was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase3
26
phase4
20
phase2
18
phase1
12
na
8
na or unstated
5
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT03384784
2022-05-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Galantamine shown lifespan?
assessment of frequency and severity of adverse events; 2026-09-01
half life
2026-09-04; halfLife; hours; 7 hours; 2026-08-30
human trials at or under30
29
smallest human trial
0; NCT03014323; PHASE1; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q7
Which of assessment of frequency and severity of adverse events, bioequivalence on cmax and auc parameters and choice reaction time did Galantamine's trials measure?
assessment of frequency and severity of adverse events, bioequivalence on cmax and auc parameters and choice reaction time lead 25 outcome terms across Galantamine's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation mini mental state examination, cocaine use, cocaine abstinence, scale for the assessment of negative symptoms total, simple reaction time and choice reaction time follow.
Show the evidence
cognitive function
1
physical function
1
side effects
1
mini mental state examination
1
cocaine use
1
cocaine abstinence
1
14 more recorded rows
scale for the assessment of negative symptoms total
High frequency variability of heart rate; FMD; latest 2028-09-30
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03124355
"Vagal Stimulation in POTS"; n 11; "High frequency variability of heart rate"; 2027-12
NCT04769206
"Enhancing Parasympathetic Activity to Improve Endothelial Dysfunction, Vascular Oxidative Stress in African Americans"; n 160; "FMD"; 2028-06-01
NCT07003386
"Exploration of the Efficacy and Mechanism of Galantamine (an Extract From Lycoris Aurea) in Treating Ischemic Stroke"; n 66; "The change in NIHSS score"; 2028-09-30
NCT07625332
"Pilot Study of Galantamine to Treat Metabolic Syndrome in People With Chronic Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)"; n 60; "Change in ISCI-BDS Neurogenic Bowel Symptoms Score (Aim 1 and Aim 2)"; 2027-12
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 45 trials of Galantamine posted no result?
Posted no result
45 of 45 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00338117, NCT00253201, NCT00253188, NCT00253227, NCT00309725 and NCT00261573, and 39 more
Completion dates
oldest 1997-05; newest 2017-02
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00338117
1997-05
NCT00253201
1997-10
NCT00253188
1998-12
NCT00253227
1998-12
NCT00309725
1999-10
NCT00261573
2000-12
14 further recorded trials
NCT00304629
2002-03
NCT00253214
2002-07
NCT00035204
2003-05
NCT00035191
2003-09
NCT00181675
2003-09
NCT00236574
2003-11
NCT00236431
2003-12
NCT00301574
2004-02
NCT00240695
2004-05
NCT00416169
2004-07
NCT00230997
2004-08
NCT00645554
2004-09
NCT00164242
2004-10
NCT01372280
2004-11
Q10
At the median, Galantamine's trials enrolled 60 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
60
Largest enrolment
2051
Registered trials counted
82
Q11
What do 2025 spontaneous reports say about Galantamine — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Galantamine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 2025 reaction mentions were counted: fall 265; cognitive disorder 214; hypotension 214; sedation 204. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1555 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
fall
265
cognitive disorder
214
hypotension
214
sedation
204
balance disorder
202
constipation
202
4 more recorded rows
orthostatic hypotension
199
depressed level of consciousness
180
pain
175
toxicity to various agents
170
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
Galantamine and CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2: shared by which compounds?
CYP2D6, CYP3A4 and CYP1A2 appear in Galantamine's recorded interaction sentences, 19 in all. openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
Interpretation pharmacokinetics
Show the evidence
CYP1A2pharmacokinetics
Effect of Galantamine on Other Drugs: • In Vitro Studies : In vitro studies show that galantamine did not inhibit the metabolic pathways catalyzed by CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP3A4, CYP4A, CYP2C, CYP2D6 or CYP2E1.
CYP2A6pharmacokinetics
Effect of Galantamine on Other Drugs: • In Vitro Studies : In vitro studies show that galantamine did not inhibit the metabolic pathways catalyzed by CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP3A4, CYP4A, CYP2C, CYP2D6 or CYP2E1.
CYP2D6
pharmacokinetics
O-demethylation, mediated by CYP2D6 was greater in extensive metabolizers of CYP2D6 than in poor metabolizers.
pharmacokinetics
In studies of oral 3 H-galantamine, unchanged galantamine and its glucuronide, accounted for most plasma radioactivity in poor and extensive CYP2D6 metabolizers.
pharmacokinetics
CYP2D6 Poor Metabolizers : Approximately 7% of the normal population has a genetic variation that leads to reduced levels of activity of CYP2D6 isozyme.
pharmacokinetics
After a single oral dose of 4 mg or 8 mg galantamine, CYP2D6 poor metabolizers demonstrated a similar C max and about 35% AUC ∞ increase of unchanged galantamine compared to extensive metabolizers.
pharmacokinetics
A total of 356 patients with Alzheimer’s disease enrolled in two Phase 3 studies were genotyped with respect to CYP2D6 (n=210 hetero-extensive metabolizers, 126 homo-extensive metabolizers, and 20 poor metabolizers).
pharmacokinetics
Based on in vitro studies, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 were the major enzymes involved in the metabolism of galantamine.
5 more recorded rows
CYP2D6pharmacokinetics
CYP2D6 was involved in the formation of O-desmethyl-galantamine, whereas CYP3A4 mediated the formation of galantamine-N-oxide.
CYP2D6pharmacokinetics
In vitro studies indicate that cytochrome CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 were the major cytochrome P450 isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of galantamine, and inhibitors of both pathways increase oral bioavailability of galantamine modestly.
CYP2D6pharmacokinetics
Effect of Other Drugs on Galantamine: • CYP3A4 Inhibitors : Ketoconazole : Ketoconazole, a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4 and an inhibitor of CYP2D6, when administered at a dose of 200 mg two times a day for 4 days, increased the AUC of galantamine by 30%.
CYP2D6pharmacokinetics
Paroxetine : Paroxetine, a strong inhibitor of CYP2D6, when administered at a dose of 20 mg/day for 16 days, increased the oral bioavailability of galantamine by about 40%. • H2 Antagonists : Galantamine was administered as a single dose of 4 mg on Day 2 of a 3-day treatment with either cimetidine (800 mg daily) or ranitidine (300 mg daily).
CYP2D6pharmacokinetics
Effect of Galantamine on Other Drugs: • In Vitro Studies : In vitro studies show that galantamine did not inhibit the metabolic pathways catalyzed by CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP3A4, CYP4A, CYP2C, CYP2D6 or CYP2E1.
CYP2E1pharmacokinetics
Effect of Galantamine on Other Drugs: • In Vitro Studies : In vitro studies show that galantamine did not inhibit the metabolic pathways catalyzed by CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP3A4, CYP4A, CYP2C, CYP2D6 or CYP2E1.
CYP3A4
pharmacokinetics
Based on in vitro studies, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 were the major enzymes involved in the metabolism of galantamine.
pharmacokinetics
CYP2D6 was involved in the formation of O-desmethyl-galantamine, whereas CYP3A4 mediated the formation of galantamine-N-oxide.
pharmacokinetics
In vitro studies indicate that cytochrome CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 were the major cytochrome P450 isoenzymes involved in the metabolism of galantamine, and inhibitors of both pathways increase oral bioavailability of galantamine modestly.
pharmacokinetics
Effect of Other Drugs on Galantamine: • CYP3A4 Inhibitors : Ketoconazole : Ketoconazole, a strong inhibitor of CYP3A4 and an inhibitor of CYP2D6, when administered at a dose of 200 mg two times a day for 4 days, increased the AUC of galantamine by 30%.
pharmacokinetics
Effect of Galantamine on Other Drugs: • In Vitro Studies : In vitro studies show that galantamine did not inhibit the metabolic pathways catalyzed by CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP3A4, CYP4A, CYP2C, CYP2D6 or CYP2E1.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Galantamine studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Galantamine's label sentences: "Cognitive training (SMD = 0.45; 95% CrI 0.30-0.60; SUCRA 92%), aerobic exercise (SMD = 0.55; 95% CrI 0.35-0.75; SUCRA 87%), and galantamine (SMD = 0.40; 95% CrI 0.22-0.58; SUCRA 84%) ranked highest versus placebo." openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
"We further confirmed that chronic administration of galantamine, an approved cholinergic agent, improved depressive-like behavior, and simultaneously activated the α7 nAChR/CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1 axis in the PFC of the animals." — where Galantamine and AMPK appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-05-28
"We further confirmed that chronic administration of galantamine, an approved cholinergic agent, improved depressive-like behavior, and simultaneously activated the α7 nAChR/CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1 axis in the PFC of the animals."
sirtuin
"We further confirmed that chronic administration of galantamine, an approved cholinergic agent, improved depressive-like behavior, and simultaneously activated the α7 nAChR/CaMKKβ/AMPK/SIRT1 axis in the PFC of the animals."
"Concomitant with SIRT1 activation, galantamine administration suppressed FOXO1 acetylation and MAOA transcription, in turn inhibiting serotonin metabolism and reactive oxygen species-mediated dendrite retraction in the PFC of SAMP10 mice."
mTORPMID 42175962
"Network pharmacology and molecular docking identified AP9 as a lead chemical with high affinity for hub proteins: as AKT1, EGFR, ESR1, HIF1A, MTOR, and PARP1, implying an involvement in neurodegenerative disease pathways. <i>In vitro</i> tests showed that AP9 inhibited acetylcholinesterase by 85.85% at 100 μM, a level similar to that of galantamine."
autophagy
PMID 29292543
"Further investigation showed that galantamine downregulated NOX4 expression to inhibit Aβ-mediated ROS accumulation and autophagy."
PMID 29292543
"Galantamine inhibits Aβ-induced cytostatic autophagy through decreasing ROS accumulation, providing new insights into deep understanding of AD progression and molecular basis of galantamine in neuroprotection."
PMID 31823156
"We found that galantamine inhibits Aβ<sub>1-42</sub>-induced apoptosis by activating the JNK signaling pathway, thus enhancing α7nAChR expression, and also inhibits the Akt pathway, which further increases autophagosome biogenesis and autophagy."
recorded 2026-05-28 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 5 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 11 source rows
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