This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Fish Oil does in the body
Omegaven is indicated as a source of calories and fatty acids in pediatric patients with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC).
From the FDA-approved label: Omegaven provides a biologically utilizable source of calories and essential fatty acids. Fatty acids serve as an important substrate for energy production. The most common mechanism of action for energy production derived from fatty acid metabolism is beta oxidation. Fatty acids are also important for membrane structure and function, as precursors for bioactive molecules (such as prostaglandins), and as regulators of gene expression.
Why people take it. Omegaven is indicated as a source of calories and fatty acids in pediatric patients with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC).
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as mixture.
FDA substance registry · XGF7L72M0F · read 2026-08-29
The supplement label database classes it as fatty acid, under the name Fish Oil.
The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 116 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Body weight
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Mood
children s depressive rating scale revised; severity of depressive symptoms; hamilton depression rating scale
Cholesterol
lipid profile; plasma lipid profile
Body weight
body composition
Blood sugar
insulin glucose
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
1 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
1 registered test measure.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Number of participants diagnosed with serious Covid-19
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04609423
How many people
47210
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in blood pressure
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01653678
How many people
25875
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Dry Eye Disease
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01880463
How many people
25875
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
upper respiratory infection
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01758081
How many people
25874
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Incident total, non-vertebral, and hip fractures
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01704859
How many people
25871
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
COPD Exacerbations Expressed as Cumulative Rate/Year Over 5 Years
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01728571
How many people
25871
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Intravenous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.11 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in C. elegans (roundworm), Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
hamilton depression rating scale
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
f2 isoprostane level urine f2 isoprostanes
blood pressure
flow mediated dilation
heart rate
aortic blood pressure
body composition
plasma lipid profile
insulin glucose
circulating serum interleukin 6
c reactive protein
and 1 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (28)
mini mental state exam from baseline to 12 months
children s depressive rating scale revised
improvement of 2 in nafld activity
carotid imt
severity of depressive symptoms
lipid profile
arterial pulse wave velocity
brachial artery blood flow
brachial artery blood flow after nitroglycerin
microneurography
documented recurrence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter
hscrp levels after 8 weeks of treatment pufa
asthma exacerbations
growth
intestinal microbiota
erythrocyte fatty acid composition
ex vivo cytokine production
igf 1 and igfbp 3
adipokines
clinician administered ptsd scale
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Omegaven is indicated as a source of calories and fatty acids in pediatric patients with parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (PNAC). Limitations of Use: • Omegaven is not indicated for the prevention of PNAC. It has not been demonstrated that Omegaven prevents PNAC in parenteral nutrition (PN)-dependent patients [see Clinical Studies ( 14 )].
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The effectiveness of Omegaven was established in two open-label clinical trials of 82 pediatric patients, 3 to 42 weeks of age, including preterm neonates with estimated gestational age of greater than 24 weeks at birth.”
US prescribing information · 5d9d0b24-e139-48bf-ab2d-536fb59cf8e0 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Clinical trials of Omegaven did not include patients 65 years of age and older.”
US prescribing information · 5d9d0b24-e139-48bf-ab2d-536fb59cf8e0 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no available data on Omegaven use in pregnant women to establish a drug- associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.”
US prescribing information · 5d9d0b24-e139-48bf-ab2d-536fb59cf8e0 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary No data are available regarding the presence of fish oil triglycerides from Omegaven in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · 5d9d0b24-e139-48bf-ab2d-536fb59cf8e0 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Given by a clinician
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Intravenous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as emulsion, injection, emulsion, given by the intravenous route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Fish Oil appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 622 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Intravenous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
3 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 1 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 63323-205 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as capsule and injection, emulsion, taken intravenous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 63323-205 · read 2026-08-29
2 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 1 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 5d9d0b24-e139-48bf-ab2d-536fb59cf8e0 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 5d9d0b24-e139-48bf-ab2d-536fb59cf8e0 · read 2026-08-29
30378 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as fat/fatty acid, other combinations and fat.
Those labels carry all other, approved health and nutrient claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Omegaven is intravenous at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injectable Emulsion: 5 g/50 mL and 10 g/100 mL (0.1 g/mL) sterile, white, homogenous emulsion in a 50-mL and 100-mL single-dose bottle., recorded as fda label in effect 2025-09-05 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 5d9d0b24-e139-48bf-ab2d-536fb59cf8e0 · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
A single-person plan is offered only as a structure for observing yourself. It never calculates an amount to take, and it cannot prove cause.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Fish Oil studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
XGF7L72M0F
RxNorm concept
2053499
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How this medicine reached us
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1 approved application covers products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA207648, approved 20160713 to FRESENIUS KABI USA.
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6 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (16)
Q1
What did Fish Oil's largest trial (25871 people) and its longest (22 years) measure?
25871 people in Fish Oil's largest registered study, 22 years in its longest registered window, measuring Combined total mortality, first event of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization or hospital admission for new or worsened heart failure. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
140 na, 67 phase2, 44 phase3, 29 phase4, 20 phase1, 7 early phase1, 5 na or unstated; NCT00682318; 2029-11. Last human test completed 2026, NCT05613803.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Fish Oil was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
140
phase2
67
phase3
44
phase4
29
phase1
20
early phase1
7
2 more recorded rows
na or unstated
5
Last recorded human testNCT05613803
2026-01-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From C. elegans to human: where has Fish Oil shown lifespan?
Interpretation Combined total mortality, first event of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization or hospital admission for new or worsened heart failure. — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
C. elegans
lifespan
mouse
lifespan
rat
lifespan
humanNCT01841944
lifespan; Combined total mortality, first event of non-fatal myocardial infarction, stroke, revascularization or hospital admission for new or worsened heart failure.; 288
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
The NIA ITP gave Fish Oil at 50000 ppm and 15000 ppm from 9 months — did both sexes live longer?
584 mice; cohorts C2010; cohort rows are the workbook's own printed values; no median, percent change or survival statistic is derived from the per-animal data
Show the evidence
ITP cohort
C2010
fish oil; 50000; 9.0 months; f, m; ITP_C2010_Lifespan.xlsx
C2010
fish oil; 15000; 9.0 months; f, m; ITP_C2010_Lifespan.xlsx
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
27 of Fish Oil's trials stopped: futility/efficacy, accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?
futility/efficacy (1), accrual/recruitment (10), funding/business (6) and other (10): Fish Oil's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Lack of funding"; 27 of 288 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00527436
terminated; "Lack of funding"
NCT00578578
terminated; "CRP is no longer SOC - enrollment halted and will analyze available data."
NCT00592683
terminated; "Supply Omega-3 Fatty Acids expired and supplier no longer made same composition."
NCT00791089
terminated; "unable to secure funding and long term follow up"
NCT00935766
terminated; "The study was discontinued early due to lack of funding and slow enrollment"
NCT00996749
withdrawn; "No Participants enrolled; slow accrual"
14 further recorded trials
NCT01155336
terminated; "Only 5 individuals were able to be recruited."
NCT01191177
withdrawn; "no subjects recruited"
NCT01248130
terminated; "Due to a change in the research priorities of the principal investigator in combination with low subject interest."
NCT01325584
terminated; "Alternative product is now approved and available for use."
NCT01412216
terminated; "Funding Depleted."
NCT01477697
terminated; "Terminated due to slow enrollment and interim analysis showing no difference between treatment arms."
NCT01640106
terminated; "Recruitment very difficult; only preliminary data usable."
NCT01764308
terminated; "insufficient staff to complete recruitment"
NCT01769092
terminated; "Unable to recruit participants"
NCT02140788
terminated; "PI left institution"
NCT02521753
terminated; "It was not possible to continue recruiting due to SARSCov2 pandemia. Results obtained at that time were already published"
NCT02670356
terminated; "Study stopped by the company funding the study"
NCT03113370
withdrawn; "Difficulty in recruiting patients given a 1 year funding period"
NCT03122912
terminated; "Enrollment and interactions/interventions paused due to COVID-19. Not expected to resume in the future. This is not a suspension of IRB approval"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Mouse studies of Fish Oil used 15,000 (lo) and 50,000 (hi) ppm — over how long?
Mouse studies of Fish Oil used "15,000 (lo) and 50,000 (hi) ppm". clinicaltrials.gov+jax-mpd-itp · 2026-09-04
10 recorded entries; mouse, human; capsule; also "Fish oil (90% triglycerides)", "Fish oil (60% triglycerides)", "Omacor; 1 g per day as a fish oil capsule, containing 840 milligrams of marine omega-3 fatty acids (460 mg of…"
Show the evidence
mouse
fish oil C2010
15,000 (lo) and 50,000 (hi) ppm
fish oil C2010
15,000 (lo) and 50,000 (hi) ppm
human
NCT00804427
Fish oil (90% triglycerides)
NCT00804427
Fish oil (60% triglycerides)
NCT01728571
capsule; Omacor; 1 g per day as a fish oil capsule, containing 840 milligrams of marine omega-3 fatty acids (460 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and 380 mg of docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]).
NCT02387931
Nature Made ultra omega-3 mini fish oil 500mg, 2 daily
NCT02942602
Omega-3 2g
NCT03216057
Omega-3 fatty acid 3 grams per day
2 more recorded rows
humanNCT04116203
Fish Oil; Fish Oil 1200 Mg; Omega-3
humanNCT04460287
Children will have milk drink and Fish Oil contain 100 mg/DHA daily for 30 days
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Did Fish Oil move GrimAge, and by how much?
GrimAge: "We report that oily fish consumption appears to decrease PhenoAge acceleration (p < 0.0086), whereas fish oil supplementation appears to decrease GrimAge (p = 0.037)." Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2025-05-24
4 recorded sentences; 2025, 2023; biomarker
Show the evidence
GrimAge
PMID 40410862
2025; "We report that oily fish consumption appears to decrease PhenoAge acceleration (p < 0.0086), whereas fish oil supplementation appears to decrease GrimAge (p = 0.037)."
PMID 40410862
2025; "Our analysis shows that consuming fish oil, whether through whole food or as a supplement, can have a rejuvenating impact as measured by PhenoAge and GrimAge acceleration."
epigenetic clock
2023; "Usingoily fish consumption and fish oil supplementation as the primary exposures, we attempt to elucidate the causal landscape of these interventions on first- and second-generation epigenetic clocks as well as serum proxies of lipidemia and systemic inflammation."
GrimAge
2023; "However, fish oil supplements do exhibit a causal relationship with GrimAge (p = 0.037)."
recorded 2025-05-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
More Fish Oil was worse in human: at what point?
U-shaped in human: "Notably, within-group changes included increased NO in the 2 g d<sup>-1</sup> group and decreased ET-1 in the 1 g d<sup>-1</sup> and 4 g d<sup>-1</sup> groups from baseline. <i>Conclusions</i>: This study found that low-dose fish oil significantly reduced endothelial inflammatory markers (ICAM-1, MCP-1) with a…" Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2026-02-09
5 recorded sentences naming Fish Oil; U-shaped, hormetic, dose-response
Show the evidence
U-shapedPMID 41568898
"Notably, within-group changes included increased NO in the 2 g d<sup>-1</sup> group and decreased ET-1 in the 1 g d<sup>-1</sup> and 4 g d<sup>-1</sup> groups from baseline. <i>Conclusions</i>: This study found that low-dose fish oil significantly reduced endothelial inflammatory markers (ICAM-1, MCP-1) with a U-shaped dose-response in a community-based middle-aged/elderly population, suggesting…"
hormeticPMID 33753237
"In this study, we investigated the involvement of NOX expression and mitochondrial function in the hormetic properties of omega-3 typically present in fish oil (FO) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) in the mouse liver."
dose-response
PMID 36166847
"In a nonlinear dose-response analysis, a significant inverse association was observed between <10 wk of fish-oil supplementation and PANSS (WMD: -10; P-nonlinearity = 0.02)."
PMID 36166847
"Although analysis of 4 studies showed a nonsignificant reduction in BPRS after fish-oil intake (WMD: -2.990; 95% CI: -6.42, 0.44; P = 0.08), a nonlinear dose-response analysis revealed significant inverse associations between dose (>2200 mg/d) and duration of fish-oil supplementation (<15 wk) with BPRS score (WMD: -8; P-nonlinearity = 0.04)."
PMID 32073633
"A subgroup analysis and a network meta-regression were conducted to investigate the dose-response effect of the n-3 fatty acid content of fish oil and krill oil."
recorded 2026-02-09 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Could one person measure Fish Oil's effect on f2 isoprostane level urine f2 isoprostanes?
F2 isoprostane level urine f2 isoprostanes: measured in Fish Oil's trials.
f2 isoprostane level urine f2 isoprostanes is the recorded endpoint.
children s depressive rating scale revised, improvement of 2 in nafld activity, carotid imt, severity of depressive symptoms, lipid profile and flow mediated dilation follow.
Show the evidence
f2 isoprostane level urine f2 isoprostanes
1
mini mental state exam from baseline to 12 months
1
blood pressure
1
children s depressive rating scale revised
1
improvement of 2 in nafld activity
1
carotid imt
1
14 more recorded rows
severity of depressive symptoms
1
lipid profile
1
flow mediated dilation
1
heart rate
1
arterial pulse wave velocity
1
aortic blood pressure
1
brachial artery blood flow
1
brachial artery blood flow after nitroglycerin
1
microneurography
1
documented recurrence of atrial fibrillation/atrial flutter
1
hscrp levels after 8 weeks of treatment pufa
1
asthma exacerbations
1
growth
1
body composition
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Which of Fish Oil's 19 ongoing trials reports first?
Urinary isoprostane concentrations; COPD Exacerbations Expressed as Cumulative Rate/Year Over 5 Years; latest 2030-09
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00682318
"Effects of Fish Oil and Red Wine on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers"; n 40; "Urinary isoprostane concentrations"; 2029-11
NCT01728571
"LungVITamin D and OmegA-3 Trial (lungVITAL)"; n 25871; "COPD Exacerbations Expressed as Cumulative Rate/Year Over 5 Years"; 2027-11
NCT02176902
"Low-Fat Diet and Fish Oil in Men on Active Surveillance for Prostate Cancer"; n 107; "Ki-67 index"; 2026-11-01
NCT02295059
"Omega 3 Fatty Acids and ERPR(-)HER2(+/-) Breast Cancer Prevention"; n 80; "Changes in eicosanoids/metabolites including PGE2, PGE3 in breast adipose tissue"; 2027-02-05
NCT02647723
"Improving Maternal and Child Health Through Prenatal Fatty Acid Supplementation"; n 168; "Average Change in Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) Score From Visit 1 to Visit 4"; 2027-12-31
NCT04209244
"Effect of Fish Oil on Hyperlipidemia and Toxicities in Children and Young Adults With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"; n 100; "Hyperlipidemia"; 2029-12-31
13 further recorded trials
NCT04279951
"Alpha and Omega of Lifestyle Therapy"; n 150; "Muscle thickness, ultrasound"; 2026-12
NCT04871412
"The Thoracic Peri-Operative Integrative Surgical Care Evaluation Trial - Stage III"; n 20; "Participant Recruitment Rates"; 2029-12-01
NCT05404230
"Prevention of Oxaliplatin-induced Nerve Damage in the Body's Extremities"; n 120; "Incidence of chemotherapy induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) 8 months after start of adjuvant chemotherapy"; 2028-12
NCT05822141
"Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Regulators of Brown Adipose Tissue During Cold Exposure"; n 30; "Core Temperature:"; 2026-12
NCT06074250
"Perinatal Depression & Anxiety (PDA) and Maternal Gut Microbiome"; n 100; "Feasibility of participant recruitment"; 2028-03
NCT06279793
"Intravenous Fish Oil Based Lipid Emulsion to Enhance Recovery in High-Risk Cardiac Surgery Patients"; n 550; "Atrial fibrillation"; 2030-09
NCT06424860
"Fish Oil, Metformin and Heart Health in PCOS"; n 146; "Carotid intimal medial thickness"; 2027-12-30
NCT06629103
"A Study in Healthy Subjects to Compare the Bioavailability of EPA + DHA"; n 120; "To compare the bioavailability of 600 mg/day of Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA+DHA) from two microalgal sources to a fish source by comparing the change from baseline in the sum level of EPA and DHA in plasma phospholipids across all treatments."; 2026-12
NCT07086573
"The Effect of Algae Oil Supplements on Functional Immune Response and Bioavailability of Lipids in Blood, a Pilot Study"; n 12; "Functional immune response"; 2025-11-14
NCT07241377
"A Study in Healthy Adults to Compare the Bioavailability of EPA + DHA From Two Microalgal Sources to One Fish Source and Placebo"; n 120; "The change in plasma phospholipids EPA+DHA µg/ml levels from baseline to week 6 between MEG-3 3223, O1035DS nTG and O3020DS nTG and placebo"; 2026-12
NCT07331103
"RESOLving INflammation Through Diet for Health (RESOLVIN)"; n 324; "the effect on a lipidomic/inflammation- derived risk score based on plasma biomarkers"; 2026-06-30
NCT07403071
"Validating Fish Oil's Role in Alleviating Bortezomib-Induced Neuropathy: A Multi-Method Study Integrating Big Data, Experimental, and Clinical Research"; n 200; "Grading of Peripheral Neuropathy according to NCI-CTCAE criteria"; 2027-12-31
NCT07575438
"Effects of Different Fish Oil Types on Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors in High-Risk Adults"; n 84; "Change from baseline to 12 weeks in the disposition index"; 2029-12
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q11
Which running trial of Fish Oil could settle inflammatory markers?
NCT07331103 measures the effect on a lipidomic/inflammation- derived risk score based on plasma biomarkers, reading out 2026-06-30.
1 open trial; n 324; "RESOLving INflammation Through Diet for Health (RESOLVIN)"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT07331103
"RESOLving INflammation Through Diet for Health (RESOLVIN)"; n 324; "the effect on a lipidomic/inflammation- derived risk score based on plasma biomarkers"; 2026-06-30
Q12
Which 140 trials of Fish Oil posted no result?
Posted no result
140 of 140 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00628017, NCT01482689, NCT00076518, NCT00308295, NCT00266305 and NCT00732576, and 134 more
Completion dates
oldest 2005-03; newest 2024-07-12
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00628017
2005-03
NCT01482689
2005-04
NCT00076518
2005-09
NCT00308295
2006-05
NCT00266305
2007-01
NCT00732576
2008-05
14 further recorded trials
NCT00536185
2008-07
NCT00480207
2008-10
NCT00976872
2008-12
NCT01129050
2008-12
NCT01366222
2009-02
NCT00658476
2009-04
NCT00631046
2009-05
NCT00901589
2009-05
NCT00579540
2009-09
NCT00718796
2009-10
NCT00563979
2009-12
NCT00885053
2009-12
NCT00988585
2009-12
NCT01034423
2009-12
Q13
At the median, Fish Oil's trials enrolled 50 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
50
Largest enrolment
25871
Registered trials counted
287
Q14
What do 622 spontaneous reports say about Fish Oil — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Fish Oil appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 622 reaction mentions were counted: gastrooesophageal reflux disease 103; somnolence 103; coma 101; pneumonia aspiration 94. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL3833369 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
gastrooesophageal reflux disease
103
somnolence
103
coma
101
pneumonia aspiration
94
chest pain
56
blood triglycerides increased
43
4 more recorded rows
fatty acid deficiency
34
angina pectoris
31
dysgeusia
29
cataract
28
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q15
Was Fish Oil studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Fish Oil's label sentences: "The participants are allocated into the following two groups: Exercise and Fish Oil (EFO) and Exercise and Placebo (EP)." openfda-label+europepmc · 2022-07-11
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
The participants are allocated into the following two groups: Exercise and Fish Oil (EFO) and Exercise and Placebo (EP).
recorded 2022-07-11 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q16
What is recorded about Fish Oil and AMPK?
"Mechanistically, fish oil suppressed fructokinase expression, activated phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression, reducing triglyceride synthesis-related proteins in the liver." — where Fish Oil and AMPK appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2025-12-01
"Mechanistically, fish oil suppressed fructokinase expression, activated phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK), and decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ expression, reducing triglyceride synthesis-related proteins in the liver."
"Meanwhile, totally replacing fish oil with linseed oil inhibited the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, changed myofibre characteristics (e.g., density, diameter and type of myofibre) and raised the expression of genes or activity of enzyme related to anaerobic metabolism in fish muscle."
sirtuin
"Meanwhile, totally replacing fish oil with linseed oil inhibited the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α pathway, changed myofibre characteristics (e.g., density, diameter and type of myofibre) and raised the expression of genes or activity of enzyme related to anaerobic metabolism in fish muscle."
autophagyPMID 31884243
"Fish oil activated hepatic autophagy via inhibiting the Akt signaling pathway, which exerted protective effects against ethanol-induced liver injury in rats."
mTORPMID 37010103
"These data suggest that FO supplementation does not provide an effective nutritional strategy to promote exercise recovery, at least in moderately-trained young men.<b>Abbreviations:</b> ANOVA: Analysis of variance; AUC: Area under curve; CI: Confidence interval; CK: Creatine kinase; CMJ: Countermovement jump; COX: Cyclooxygenase; CRP: C-reactive protein; DHA: Docosahexaenoic acid; DOMS:…"
AMPKPMID 28113081
"6-Gingerol substantially enhanced phosphorylated AMPK-α1 more than fish oil and reduced the P65 via upregulation of Sirt-6 and downregulation of resistin, and resulted in attenuation of the inflammatory molecules P65, FFAs and TNF-α more than fish oil treated groups but in an insignificant statistical manner, those effects were accompanied by a substantial hypoglycemic effect."
autophagy
PMID 34732632
"Fish oil replacement also enhanced hepatic autophagy flux, which enhanced lipid degradation, then inhibited lipid accumulation in liver."
PMID 29467553
"To evaluate whether fish oil (FO) can protect liver injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) <i>via</i> the AMPK/SIRT-1/autophagy pathway."
recorded 2025-12-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · NIA ITP via the JAX Mouse Phenome Database · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 11 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.