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Etoposide

  • Prescription medicine
  • Prescription only
  • Identity checked
  • Sources last checked 2026-09-04

This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.

What Etoposide does in the body

AVOPEF is a topoisomerase inhibitor indicated, in combination with other chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy, for the treatment of adult patients with: Refractory testicular cancer ( 1.1 )

From the FDA-approved label: Etoposide causes the induction of DNA strand breaks by an interaction with DNA-topoisomerase II or the formation of free radicals, leading to cell cycle arrest, primarily at the G2 stage of the cell cycle, and cell death.

Why people take it. AVOPEF is a topoisomerase inhibitor indicated, in combination with other chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy, for the treatment of adult patients with: Refractory testicular cancer ( 1.1 )

What happened in people

RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.

A fixed RNAWiki sentence

Where this came from

Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.

No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.

No source is stored against this line.

The limit that matters most

Not recorded.

Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.

What the registries record it as

  • The substance registry classes this as chemical.

    FDA substance registry · 6PLQ3CP4P3 · read 2026-08-29

  • Its recorded molecular formula is C29H32O13, weighing 588.56.

    US prescribing information · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · read 2026-08-30

Where each sentence above came from

The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.

The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.

No statement of the main limit is recorded.

The four opening statements run to 104 words.

Words this page uses

Four words worth knowing first

Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.

Biomarker

A biomarker is a number from a test that stands in for something about health.

A picture of it, and where the picture fails

A biomarker is like a fuel gauge.

Where that stops being true. A gauge is wired to the tank. Many biomarkers are only loosely tied to health.

What people get wrong. A better number is read as a better life. Several medicines improved a number and helped nobody.

A measurable indicator used as a substitute for a clinical outcome of interest.

Placebo

A placebo is a dummy treatment given so the real one can be compared with it.

A picture of it, and where the picture fails

A placebo is like a blank control in an experiment.

Where that stops being true. A blank does nothing. People given a placebo often do get better.

What people get wrong. A placebo effect is read as imaginary. The improvement is measured and real.

An inactive intervention matched in appearance to the test intervention, used to control for non-specific effects.

Comparator

A comparator is whatever the treatment was measured against.

A picture of it, and where the picture fails

It is like the other runner in a race.

Where that stops being true. A race has one winner. A study can show both arms improved.

What people get wrong. Results are read without asking what the other group got. Beating nothing is not beating a treatment.

The control condition against which the experimental intervention is assessed.

What happened in peopleRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What happened in people

Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.

Event-free survival

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT01117441
How many people
6136
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Injection

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

DFS of Non-DS HR Post-induction Patients Receiving Intrathecal (IT) Methotrexate (MTX) Compared With Patients Receiving Intrathecal Triple Therapy (ITT) on a Modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (MBFM) Interim Maintenance High-dose Methotrexate Backbone

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT02883049
How many people
5949
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Injection

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

Event-free survival

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT03643276
How many people
5000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Injection

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

Efficacy of dexamethasone vs prednisone during the induction phase

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT00430118
How many people
4559
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Injection

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

Disease-free survival

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT00764907
How many people
4000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Injection

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

Progression-free survival

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT00276640
How many people
3417
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Injection

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.

What is missing or unclearRead from sources, not yet reviewed

Were people like you studied?

RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.

Who was studied

People similar to this profile were included.

  • Etoposide Injection, USP is indicated in the management of the following neoplasms: Refractory Testicular Tumors Etoposide Injection, USP in combination therapy with other approved chemotherapeutic agents in patients with refractory testicular tumors who have already received appropriate surgical, chemotherapeutic, and radiotherapeutic therapy.

Who is missing from the studies

  • Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.

What the label states about particular groups

  • On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness of AVOPEF have not been established in pediatric patients .”

    US prescribing information · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · read 2026-08-30

  • On older people, the label states: “Clinical studies of etoposide for the treatment of refractory testicular tumors did not include sufficient numbers of patients aged 65 years and older to determine whether they respond differently from younger patients.”

    US prescribing information · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · read 2026-08-30

  • On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Based on findings in animal studies and its mechanism of action [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.1) ], AVOPEF can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.”

    US prescribing information · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · read 2026-08-30

  • On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of etoposide or its metabolites in human milk or the effects on a breastfed child or on milk production.”

    US prescribing information · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · read 2026-08-30

  • On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “Reduce the dose of AVOPEF in patients with creatinine clearance (CLcr) of 15 to 50 mL/min [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ].”

    US prescribing information · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · read 2026-08-30

Where the result stopped carrying

  • This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
  • It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.

RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.

What it would be like to takeRead from sources, not yet reviewed

Why it might seem to do nothing

A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.

It was studied in different people

The people in the studies were not much like the reader.

On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.

The evidence may simply be wrong

Small early studies often do not hold up.

On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.

Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (11)
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.

None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.

What it would be like to takeRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What taking it involves

The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.

How it is supplied

Prescription only

Quoted from a source

Where this came from

Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.

Read from the recorded approval status.

No source is stored against this line.

Form and route

Injection

Source-linked record

Where this came from

A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.

The form and route recorded on this substance.

No source is stored against this line.

Who oversees it

Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.

Quoted from a source

Where this came from

Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.

Suppression classes recorded: S1, S3, S4, S6.

No source is stored against this line.

What is in the pack

Sold as injectable, capsule, solution, injection, given by the injection, oral, intravenous route.

Source-linked record

Where this came from

A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.

Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.

No source is stored against this line.

Where it is registered

Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.

Counted from records

Where this came from

A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.

Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.

No source is stored against this line.

Why people stop

Not recorded.

Nothing recorded

Where this came from

RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.

No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.

No source is stored against this line.

What it would be like to takeNothing found in the sources checked

What can go wrong

Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.

Nothing found in the sources checked

No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.

The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.

Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.

Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.

What is missing or unclearRead from sources, not yet reviewed

Does the exact form matter?

Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.

The form that was studied

Injection

Source-linked record

Where this came from

A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.

The form used in the studies cited on this page.

No source is stored against this line.

What is sold

Not recorded.

Nothing recorded

Where this came from

RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.

Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.

No source is stored against this line.

What is recorded as being sold

  • 24 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 24 of them contain it and nothing else.

    FDA National Drug Code directory · 61269-410 · read 2026-08-29

  • They are sold as capsule, injection, injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution, injection, solution, injection, solution, concentrate and powder, taken intravenous and oral.

    FDA National Drug Code directory · 61269-410 · read 2026-08-29

  • The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is topoisomerase inhibitor [epc] and topoisomerase inhibitors [moa].

    FDA National Drug Code directory · 61269-410 · read 2026-08-29

  • 12 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 12 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.

    US prescribing information · 2a40f3ed-4a36-4616-af6c-b616140fd5ee · read 2026-08-29

  • Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.

    US prescribing information · 2a40f3ed-4a36-4616-af6c-b616140fd5ee · read 2026-08-29

  • Avopef is intravenous at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injection: 100 mg/5 mL (20 mg/mL) and 500 mg/25 mL (20 mg/mL) of etoposide as a sterile, clear, colorless to light yellow liquid in a multiple-dose vial., recorded as fda label in effect 2026-06-25 in the United States.

    US prescribing information · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · read 2026-08-30

Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.

What it would be like to takeRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What you could measure

This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.

Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.

Questions worth asking

  • Which of the trials of Etoposide studied people like me?
  • What was measured, and for how long?
  • Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
  • What would we watch for, and when would we stop?

Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.

RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.

What is missing or unclearRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What nobody knows yet

Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.

Missing populations

Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

Missing long-term data

No completed tested study window is recorded.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

No reviewed conclusion

RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

Missing interaction studies

No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

Formulation uncertainty

Several salts, forms or products of Etoposide are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

Mechanism not reviewed

No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

What happened in peopleRead from sources, not yet reviewed

Check any of this yourself

Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.

How many documents were read

  • 12 documents were read for this substance.

    RNAWiki source record

  • 4 of them state the same bioavailability, and they agree.

    RNAWiki source record

Where else this substance is registered

FDA substance identifier (UNII)
6PLQ3CP4P3
RxNorm concept
105592

Checks this page had to pass

  • Passed

    Identity resolved

    no open identity hold

  • Passed

    No unresolved merge across substance families

    no quarantine open

  • Passed

    Every public sentence names a source

    The opening statement carries the origin: Quoted from a stored source.

  • Not passed

    Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence

    No registered study is classified as testing this substance.

  • Passed

    No internal keys in reader text

    enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page

  • Passed

    Safety mode resolved

    Suppression classes recorded: S1, S3, S4, S6.

  • Passed

    Canonical metadata present

    slug and display name present

What is missing or unclearRead from sources, not yet reviewed

How this medicine reached us

Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.

What the approval register records

  • 21 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA018768, approved 19831110 to CORDEN PHARMA.

    Drugs@FDA application register · NDA018768 · read 2026-08-29

  • Marketing status on the register: discontinued and prescription.

    Drugs@FDA application register · NDA018768 · read 2026-08-29

  • The earliest marketing start date recorded for a listed product is 19960501.

    FDA National Drug Code directory · 61269-410 · read 2026-08-29

What is missing or unclearRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What to learn next

Ordered by what would most change how you read this page, starting with what is easiest to misunderstand.

This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.

What is not here

9 questions this page could not answer

These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.

  • What was measured, goal by goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
  • How close this is to real life — found nothing in the sources checked.
  • The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
  • Felt, measured, or meaningful — found nothing in the sources checked.
  • How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
  • What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
  • Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
  • Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
  • What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.

The record as stored

The full record, for auditing

Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.

Recorded evidence blocks (11)

On the Etoposide label: indicated for what?

"AVOPEF is a topoisomerase inhibitor indicated, in combination with other chemotherapy and/or immunotherapy, for the treatment of adult patients with: Refractory testicular cancer ( 1.1 ) Small cell lung cancer ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Refractory Testicular Cancer AVOPEF, in combination with chemotherapy, is indicated for the…": indications and usage on Etoposide's label. DailyMed label · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · 2026-06-25

1255 registered trials of Etoposide — at which phases?

Registered studies posting no result
907 of 1255

1255 registered studies of Etoposide: 747 phase2, 297 phase1, 292 phase3, 44 na, 12 early phase1, 9 phase4, 5 na or unstated. CLINICALTRIALS_SNAPSHOT · 2026-09-01

3911 with a PubMed record

Show the evidence
  • phase2
    747
  • phase1
    297
  • phase3
    292
  • na
    44
  • early phase1
    12
  • phase4
    9
10 more recorded rows
  • na or unstated
    5
  • completed
    631
  • unknown
    191
  • terminated
    131
  • recruiting
    124
  • active not recruiting
    112
  • withdrawn
    41
  • not yet recruiting
    20
  • suspended
    3
  • enrolling by invitation
    2

recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04

152 of Etoposide's trials stopped: safety, futility/efficacy, accrual/recruitment, funding/business, sponsor decision unspecified, other?

safety (14), futility/efficacy (8), accrual/recruitment (69), funding/business (12), sponsor decision unspecified (9) and other (40): Etoposide's stop wording, clustered. CLINICALTRIALS_SNAPSHOT · 2026-09-01

"poor accrual"; 152 of 1255 registered studies

Show the evidence

Trial

  • NCT00002961
    terminated; "poor accrual"
  • NCT00003194
    terminated; "Study enrollment did not meet expected goals"
  • NCT00003852
    terminated; "lack of patient inclusion"
  • NCT00005090
    terminated; "poor accrual"
  • NCT00005612
    terminated; "Low accrual"
  • NCT00005834
    terminated; "poor accrual"
14 further recorded trials
  • NCT00005987
    terminated; "Withdrawn because treatment guidelines changed"
  • NCT00005998
    withdrawn; "Withdrawn because study never enrolled patients"
  • NCT00006032
    terminated; "low accrual"
  • NCT00006126
    withdrawn; "Unable to accrue subjects."
  • NCT00006374
    withdrawn; "Slow accrual"
  • NCT00006708
    terminated; "lack of accrual"
  • NCT00014313
    terminated; "low accrual"
  • NCT00020722
    terminated; "Lack of funding to continue study."
  • NCT00021112
    terminated; "low accrual"
  • NCT00031590
    terminated; "The study was terminated prematurely due to slow accrual."
  • NCT00042835
    terminated; "Administratively complete."
  • NCT00045617
    terminated; "Closed due to lack of drug availability."
  • NCT00060385
    terminated; "low accrual"
  • NCT00072280
    terminated; "Due to poor accrual"

recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04

Human studies of Etoposide used Etoposide; Oral, 50 Mg — over how long?

studies of Etoposide used the recorded amount. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01

2 recorded entries; human; intravenous; also "Etoposide; Oral, 50 Mg", "Etoposide is used at a dose of 100 mg/m², administered via slow intravenous infusion over 30 to 60 minutes on Day 0 or…"

Show the evidence

human

  • NCT05762419
    Etoposide; Oral, 50 Mg
  • NCT07497438
    intravenous; Etoposide is used at a dose of 100 mg/m², administered via slow intravenous infusion over 30 to 60 minutes on Day 0 or Day 2 depending on the arm.

recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04

Etoposide's half-life is 4 hours — which schedules were studied?

4 hours, the half-life Etoposide's label states: "Elimination Etoposide elimination half-life is 4 hours to 11 hours." DailyMed label · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · 2026-06-25

Show the evidence
  • half life pharmacokinetics
    4 hours; Elimination Etoposide elimination half-life is 4 hours to 11 hours.
  • metabolism pharmacokinetics
    Metabolism Etoposide is metabolized by opening of the lactone ring, O-demethylation and conjugation (i.e., glucuronidation and sulfation.

recorded 2026-06-25 · last checked 2026-09-04

Which running trial of Etoposide could settle lifespan?

NCT06780826 measures progression free survival, reading out 2025-09-30.

111 open trials; n 1430; "A Study on the Efficacy of Atezolizumab Combined with Chemotherapy"

Show the evidence

Trial

  • NCT06780826
    "A Study on the Efficacy of Atezolizumab Combined with Chemotherapy"; n 1430; "progression free survival"; 2025-09-30
  • NCT04665856
    "Study of Atezolizumab Plus Carboplatin and Etoposide With or Without Tiragolumab in Participants With Untreated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer"; n 123; "Investigator-Assessed Progression-Free Survival (PFS) in the Primary Analysis Set (PAS)"; 2026-06-30
  • NCT06480864
    "Adebrelimab Plus Apatinib for Maintenance Therapy of Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer"; n 38; "Progression-free survival (PFS)"; 2026-08
  • NCT01704716
    "High Risk Neuroblastoma Study 1.8 of SIOP-Europe (SIOPEN)"; n 3300; "Event Free Survival (R1: MAT therapy)"; 2026-09
  • NCT02101853
    "Blinatumomab in Treating Younger Patients With Relapsed B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"; n 669; "Disease Free Survival (DFS) of High-risk (HR) and Intermediate-risk (IR) Relapse Patients"; 2026-09-16
  • NCT02112916
    "Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Bortezomib in Treating Younger Patients With Newly Diagnosed T-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia or Stage II-IV T-Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma"; n 847; "Event-free Survival (EFS) for Modified Augmented Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster Backbone With or Without Bortezomib in All Randomized Patients"; 2026-09-16
14 further recorded trials
  • NCT02306161
    "Combination Chemotherapy With or Without Ganitumab in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma"; n 312; "Event-free Survival"; 2026-09-17
  • NCT02176967
    "Response and Biology-Based Risk Factor-Guided Therapy in Treating Younger Patients With Non-high Risk Neuroblastoma"; n 621; "Overall survival (OS) (Strata 1-4)"; 2026-09-30
  • NCT06177925
    "A Phase Ⅱ Clinical Study of Adebrelimab Combined With Chemotherapy and Concurrent Radiotherapy for Extensive-Stage Oligometastatic SCLC"; n 62; "Progression-Free Survival (PFS)"; 2026-09-30
  • NCT02166463
    "Brentuximab Vedotin and Combination Chemotherapy in Treating Children and Young Adults With Stage IIB, Stage IIIB, IVA, or IVB Hodgkin Lymphoma"; n 600; "Event Free Survival (EFS), Where Events Include Disease Progression or Relapse, Second Malignancy, or Death"; 2026-10-03
  • NCT04699838
    "Chemo-Immunotherapy Followed by Durvalumab and Ceralasertib in Treatment Naïve Patients With Extensive Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer"; n 30; "Progression Free Survival (PFS)"; 2026-11
  • NCT03517137
    "Very Early PET-response Adapted Targeted Therapy for Advanced Hodgkin Lymphoma: a Single -Arm Phase II Study"; n 150; "Modified Progression-free Survival (mPFS) Rate at 2 Years"; 2026-11-16
  • NCT00470223
    "Combined Chemotherapy With or Without Zoledronic Acid for Patients With Osteosarcoma"; n 318; "Event-free survival"; 2026-12
  • NCT02605421
    "Myeloablative Consolidation Therapy and Tandem Autologous Stem Cell Rescue in Patients With High-Risk Neuroblastoma"; n 12; "Progression Free Survival"; 2026-12
  • NCT06497530
    "Maintenance Lurbinectedin in Combination With Serplulimab for Patients With ES-SCLC"; n 30; "Progression-Free Survival (PFS)"; 2026-12
  • NCT02443077
    "Ibrutinib Before and After Stem Cell Transplant in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma"; n 94; "24-month Progression-free Survival (PFS), Defined as the Proportion of Patients Who Are Alive and Progression-free 2 Years From Randomization"; 2026-12-23
  • NCT03043872
    "Durvalumab ± Tremelimumab in Combination With Platinum Based Chemotherapy in Untreated Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (CASPIAN)"; n 987; "Overall Survival (OS) in the Global Cohort; Assessed at Global Cohort Interim Analysis; D + EP Compared With EP"; 2026-12-31
  • NCT03749018
    "Nivolumab With DA-REPOCH Chemotherapy Regimen in Treating Patients With Aggressive B-Cell Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma"; n 30; "Progression-free survival (PFS)"; 2026-12-31
  • NCT04759586
    "Nivolumab in Combination With Chemo-Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Primary Mediastinal B-Cell Lymphoma"; n 244; "Progression-free survival (PFS)"; 2026-12-31
  • NCT05221645
    "Pembrolizumab in Combination With R-ICE Chemotherapy in Relapsed/Refractory Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma"; n 65; "To establish the event-free survival at 1 year in patients treated with P+R-ICE"; 2026-12-31

Which 328 trials of Etoposide posted no result?

Posted no result
328 of 328 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00002461, NCT00000660, NCT00002521, NCT00002674, NCT00002691 and NCT00000807, and 322 more
Completion dates
oldest 1991-07; newest 2024-08-06
Show the evidence

Trial

  • NCT00002461
    1991-07
  • NCT00000660
    1992-07
  • NCT00002521
    2000-02
  • NCT00002674
    2000-03
  • NCT00002691
    2000-06
  • NCT00000807
    2000-07
14 further recorded trials
  • NCT00004904
    2000-07
  • NCT00002567
    2000-11
  • NCT00002588
    2001-01
  • NCT00002675
    2001-01
  • NCT00003269
    2001-01
  • NCT00004176
    2001-02
  • NCT00004192
    2001-03-16
  • NCT00002510
    2001-06
  • NCT00003606
    2001-06
  • NCT00004906
    2001-06
  • NCT00100477
    2001-06
  • NCT00002865
    2001-08
  • NCT00003957
    2001-08
  • NCT00002508
    2001-09

At the median, Etoposide's trials enrolled 54 people — anything larger?

Median enrolment
54
Largest enrolment
6136
Registered trials counted
1181

What do 12429 spontaneous reports say about Etoposide — and not say?

These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.

Etoposide appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 12429 reaction mentions were counted: febrile neutropenia 2929; neutropenia 1830; thrombocytopenia 1295; pyrexia 1257. FAERS via Open Targets · CHEMBL44657 · 2026-06-24

Show the evidence
  • febrile neutropenia
    2929
  • neutropenia
    1830
  • thrombocytopenia
    1295
  • pyrexia
    1257
  • anaemia
    1065
  • pancytopenia
    1065
4 more recorded rows
  • mucosal inflammation
    938
  • sepsis
    710
  • disease progression
    698
  • bone marrow failure
    642

recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04

Which 10 reactions does Etoposide's label not list?

anaemia, bone marrow failure and disease progression and 7 more reported for Etoposide, absent from its label. FAERS via Open Targets · CHEMBL44657 · 2026-06-24

2 label terms; 10 reported and unlisted; acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059

Show the evidence
  • anaemia
    count not stated
  • bone marrow failure
    count not stated
  • disease progression
    count not stated
  • febrile neutropenia
    count not stated
  • mucosal inflammation
    count not stated
  • neutropenia
    count not stated
4 more recorded rows
  • pancytopenia
    count not stated
  • pyrexia
    count not stated
  • sepsis
    count not stated
  • thrombocytopenia
    count not stated

recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04

Etoposide and CYP3A and CYP3A4: shared by which compounds?

CYP3A and CYP3A4 appear in Etoposide's recorded interaction sentences, 8 in all. DailyMed label · acc1e443-ef7b-486f-a638-710a20e81059 · 2026-06-25

CYP3A, CYP3A, CYP3A, CYP3A4; 4 shared nodes; drug_interactions, pharmacokinetics

Show the evidence

Interaction statement

  • drug_interactions
    CYP3A Inhibitors and CYP3A Inducers : Avoid concomitant use of strong CYP3A inhibitors and strong CYP3A inducers with AVOPEF.
  • drug_interactions
    ( 7.2 ) 7.1 Effect of Other Drugs on AVOPEF CYP3A Inhibitors Avoid concomitant use of strong CYP3A inhibitors.
  • drug_interactions
    Etoposide is a CYP3A4 substrate.
  • drug_interactions
    Strong CYP3A inhibitors may increase etoposide exposure, which may increase the risk of AVOPEF-associated adverse reactions [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].
  • drug_interactions
    CYP3A Inducers Avoid concomitant use of strong CYP3A inducers.
  • drug_interactions
    Etoposide is a CYP3A4 substrate.
2 more recorded rows
  • Interaction statement drug_interactions
    Strong CYP3A inducers may reduce etoposide exposure, which may decrease the effectiveness of AVOPEF [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ].
  • Interaction statement pharmacokinetics
    O-demethylation occurs through CYP3A to the active catechol metabolite.

CYP3A

  • FINGOLIMOD LAURYL SULFATE, Darunavir Propylene Glycolate, Vincristine, Naldemedine, Pemetrexed, Eravacycline, Rasburicase, Repotrectinib
  • FINGOLIMOD LAURYL SULFATE, Darunavir Propylene Glycolate, Vincristine, Naldemedine, Pemetrexed, Eravacycline, Rasburicase, Repotrectinib
  • FINGOLIMOD LAURYL SULFATE, Darunavir Propylene Glycolate, Vincristine, Naldemedine, Pemetrexed, Eravacycline, Rasburicase, Repotrectinib
  • CYP3A4
    FINGOLIMOD LAURYL SULFATE, ERYTHROMYCIN LACTOBIONATE, FOSAPREPITANT DIMEGLUMINE, TAFAMIDIS MEGLUMINE, Arimoclomol, Beclometasone, Rasagiline, Sofpironium

recorded 2026-06-25 · last checked 2026-09-04

Where it is registered
Identifiers, relations and other names

The exact record

ChEMBL id
CHEMBL44657
PubChem CID
36462
CAS number
33419-42-0
RxCUI
4179
InChIKey
VJJPUSNTGOMMGY-MRVIYFEKSA-N
Also called
Etoposide resolution mixture, Etoposido, Etoposidum, Sintopozid, ep, et, etoposid, vp-16, vp16, 4'-DEMETHYLEPIPODOPHYLLOTOXIN 9-(4,6-O-(R)-ETHYLIDENE-.BETA.-D-GLUCOPYRANOSIDE), ETOPOSIDE [EP IMPURITY], ETOPOSIDE [EP MONOGRAPH]
Development code
NSC-141540, VP-16-213
Trade name
Toposar, Vepesid, Avopef, Etopophos Preservative Free, Etopophos, Vepesid / Avopef / Etopophos Preservative Free / Toposar / Etopophos
Salt form
etoposide injection, etoposide phosphate
Sources (6)

Sources

ChEMBL 37 — CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported · ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work

How these records are assembled · Which registers were checked

Index-quality checks
  • identity passed: no open identity hold
  • required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
  • public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
  • source coverage passed: 6 source rows
  • no critical contamination: no quarantine open
  • canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
  • no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page

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