This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Dulaglutide does in the body
Used for type 2 diabetes, including before a first heart attack.
Instead of bolting a fatty acid on to make the hormone last, Lilly fused two copies of a modified GLP-1 to the stem of an antibody. The result is a protein big enough that the kidney cannot filter it out, so it survives about five days. Once it circulates, it does what every drug in this class does: more insulin when glucose is high, less glucagon, a slower stomach and less appetite.
What happened in people
Serious heart-related problems occurred in 12 of 100 treated people and 13.4 of 100 given a dummy treatment.
✓ Reviewed first-read answer
Where this came from
A person wrote this and a reviewer approved it against this exact record. It carries no effect size.
A reviewer approved this against this record. The reviewed-claim record carrying the exact population and effect size does not exist yet.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
The study did not show that dulaglutide helped people live longer.
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as protein.
FDA substance registry · WTT295HSY5 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
The limit a reviewer approved as the one that matters most here.
The four opening statements run to 104 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Biomarker
A biomarker is a number from a test that stands in for something about health.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A biomarker is like a fuel gauge.
Where that stops being true. A gauge is wired to the tank. Many biomarkers are only loosely tied to health.
What people get wrong. A better number is read as a better life. Several medicines improved a number and helped nobody.
A measurable indicator used as a substitute for a clinical outcome of interest.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved11 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Blood sugar
maximum insulin concentration first phase response; maximum insulin concentration second phase response; insulin area under the curve second phase response; hba1c at 26 weeks; hba1c at 24 weeks; hba1c; glycated hemoglobin to week 26 core period; glycated hemoglobin to week 52 single arm extension period
Pain
intensity of injection site pain
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
11 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Results from the one trial this record names
In NCT01394952, Time from randomization to first occurrence of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, or non-fatal stroke (a composite cardiovascular outcome): primary endpoint was Dulaglutide: 594 of 4949 participants with an event against Placebo: 663 of 4952 participants with an event in the comparison group at From randomization to study completion (median follow-up of 5.4 years). The recorded difference is Hazard ratio 0.88 (95.33% CI 0.79 to 0.99; p=0.026 (Cox proportional hazards regression)).
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT01394952 · read 2026-08-27
Nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke or cardiovascular death
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
REWIND (NCT01394952)
How many people
9901
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
P = 0.026, hazard ratio 0.88
Repeated elsewhere
Replicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Gastrointestinal adverse events in 47.4% versus 34.1% over five years, a difference far larger than the event reduction
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Subcutaneous once-weekly single-dose pen
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
RNAWiki holds 3 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.1 registered measure of this kind. No reviewed result.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.25 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
□AnimalsNo evidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.No animal record is stored.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it changes in the body◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
The path through the body
From what a person takes to what changes. A solid line is a step measured in people. A dashed line is a step nobody has measured that way.
Where a source records it acting
Pancreas: Activates the GLP-1 receptor, a membrane-bound cell-surface receptor coupled to adenylyl cyclase in pancreatic beta cells, leading to glucose-dependent insulin release
US prescribing information · 0a4716d0-9c9c-4bc3-a8f1-6784599aae89 · read 2026-08-27
Stomach: Decreases glucagon secretion and slows gastric emptying
US prescribing information · 0a4716d0-9c9c-4bc3-a8f1-6784599aae89 · read 2026-08-27
Start
Dulaglutide
What a person takes: Subcutaneous once-weekly single-dose pen.
The measurement behind this step
Preservative-free single-dose pen at 0.75, 1.5, 3.0 or 4.5 mg in 0.5 mL, injected once weekly independent of meals, with a hidden needle that fires on activation.
Getting in
Weekly injection of a large fusion protein
The injection contains a protein about fifteen times heavier than a plain peptide drug. Size alone is what keeps it in the body for days.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
The approximately 63 kDa homodimer exceeds the glomerular filtration threshold, so renal clearance is minimal and the half-life is roughly five days.
The antibody tail lets the body recycle the molecule instead of degrading it, the same trick that keeps natural antibodies circulating for weeks.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
The IgG4 Fc domain engages the neonatal Fc receptor in a pH-dependent way, diverting internalised protein back to the cell surface rather than to the lysosome. The Fc has been engineered to reduce high-affinity Fc receptor binding and half-antibody formation.
The two hormone arms on the front of the molecule dock into GLP-1 receptors.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Each arm is a GLP-1(7-37) analogue with substitutions that block DPP-4 cleavage and remove a T-cell epitope, retaining Gs-coupled cAMP signalling at GLP-1R.
Glucose-dependent insulin release and slower gastric emptying
Insulin rises only when glucose is high, glucagon falls, and food leaves the stomach more slowly.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
cAMP-mediated potentiation of glucose-stimulated insulin exocytosis, suppression of alpha-cell glucagon secretion, and vagally mediated delay of gastric emptying.
Lower HbA1c and fewer cardiovascular events, without a mortality signal
HbA1c falls by one to one and a half percentage points, and over five years there were fewer strokes and heart attacks. Deaths were not significantly different.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
REWIND hazard ratio 0.88 for three-point MACE over a median 5.4 years, with all-cause mortality hazard ratio 0.90 and a confidence interval crossing unity.
No suggested links are held for this record, so nothing is hidden from this path.
What we know
The record describes 5 steps from taking it to an effect in a person.
How we know it
Each step names the study behind it in the technical detail beside it.
What this does not prove
A change inside the body is a reason to look. It is not a result in a person.
Why it matters
A reader can see exactly where the chain stops being measured in people.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim binds any of these steps to a named population.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
intensity of injection site pain
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
glycosylated hemoglobin change from baseline
glycosylated hemoglobin
pharmacokinetics time of maximum concentration
maximum insulin concentration first phase response
maximum insulin concentration second phase response
insulin area under the curve second phase response
pharmacokinetics maximum concentration of lisinopril
glycosylated hemoglobin at 26 weeks
hemoglobin a1c
hba1c at 26 weeks
and 15 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
from randomization to first occurrence of death from mace 3
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (13)
pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin area under the curve
uncoupling protein 1 messenger ribonucleic acid level
glycemic level
adverse effects
visceral adipose tissue
changes of cap
glycemic variability
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. approximately 5 days
Read from the label, which states: “The apparent population mean clearance of dulaglutide was 0.142 L/h. The elimination half-life of dulaglutide was approximately 5 days.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Adults with type 2 diabetes needing better glucose control, particularly those with cardiovascular disease or multiple risk factors, and paediatric patients aged 10 years and older.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Who a named study recorded including and excluding
It included: Type 2 diabetes with Hemoglobin A1c equal to or less than 9.5% (equal to or less than 81 mmol/mol); Anti-hyperglycemic drug naive or treated with up to 2 oral hyperglycemic drugs with or without a glucagon-like peptide-1analog or basal insulin, or basal insulin alone; On stable antihyperglycemic regimen for at least 3 months; Age equal to or greater than 50 years with established clinical vascular disease, or age equal to or greater than 55 years and subclinical vascular disease or age equal to or greater than 60 years and at least 2 or more cardiovascular risk factors.
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT01394952 · read 2026-08-27
It excluded: Uncontrolled diabetes requiring immediate therapy; History of severe hypoglycemia in past year; Acute coronary or cerebrovascular event within past 2 months; Planned or anticipated revascularization procedure; History of pancreatitis, hepatic insufficiency , chronic renal failure or of C-cell thyroid disorder; Pregnancy or planned pregnancy during the trial period.
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT01394952 · read 2026-08-27
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness of TRULICITY have not been established in pediatric patients less than 10 years of age.”
US prescribing information · 6088c732-afa1-4fee-9206-22e52baf4731 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “In the adult glycemic control trials [see Clinical Studies ( 14.2 , 14.3 )] , 620 (19%) of TRULICITY-treated patients were 65 years of age or older and 65 (2%) of TRULICITY-treated patients were 75 years of age or older at baseline.”
US prescribing information · 6088c732-afa1-4fee-9206-22e52baf4731 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Limited data with TRULICITY in pregnant women are not sufficient to determine a drug-associated risk for major birth defects and miscarriage.”
US prescribing information · 6088c732-afa1-4fee-9206-22e52baf4731 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of dulaglutide in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · 6088c732-afa1-4fee-9206-22e52baf4731 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “In a clinical pharmacology study in patients with varying degrees of hepatic impairment, no clinically relevant change in dulaglutide PK was observed [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .”
US prescribing information · 6088c732-afa1-4fee-9206-22e52baf4731 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “TRULICITY has been studied in patients with varying degrees of renal function, including a dedicated clinical trial in patients with moderate to severe chronic kidney disease.”
US prescribing information · 6088c732-afa1-4fee-9206-22e52baf4731 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
Unmodified GLP-1-Fc fusions were immunogenic; the epitope removal in the analogue portion was added to address that
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Given by a clinician
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Subcutaneous once-weekly single-dose pen
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
5 mL, injected once weekly independent of meals, with a hidden needle that fires on activation.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
The recorded stepping schedule
What follows is the schedule printed on the label, recorded as it is written there. It is a record of what was done, not a recommendation.
US prescribing information · 0a4716d0-9c9c-4bc3-a8f1-6784599aae89 · read 2026-08-27
Starting dosage (adults): 0.75 mg injected subcutaneously once weekly
US prescribing information · 0a4716d0-9c9c-4bc3-a8f1-6784599aae89 · read 2026-08-27
For additional glycemic control: 1.5 mg once weekly
US prescribing information · 0a4716d0-9c9c-4bc3-a8f1-6784599aae89 · read 2026-08-27
If additional glycemic control is needed, after at least 4 weeks on the current dosage: Increase in 1.5 mg increments; maximum recorded dosage 4.5 mg injected subcutaneously once weekly
US prescribing information · 0a4716d0-9c9c-4bc3-a8f1-6784599aae89 · read 2026-08-27
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
·Worth asking a clinician aboutWritten into the record from the studies named on this page
Nausea, diarrhoea and vomiting are the dominant adverse events. Pancreatitis and gallbladder disease are uncommon. Boxed warning for thyroid C-cell tumours from rodent data; contraindicated with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or MEN2.
Nobody counted how many people took this and were fine, so this cannot be turned into a rate.
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Dulaglutide appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 3194 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Subcutaneous once-weekly single-dose pen
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
ndependent of meals, with a hidden needle that fires on activation.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on which forms are sold and how they compare.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
21 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 21 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 54568-004 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, solution, powder and solution, taken subcutaneous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 54568-004 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is glp-1 receptor agonist [epc], glucagon-like peptide 1 [cs] and glucagon-like peptide-1 (glp-1) agonists [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 54568-004 · read 2026-08-29
7 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 7 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 6088c732-afa1-4fee-9206-22e52baf4731 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 6088c732-afa1-4fee-9206-22e52baf4731 · read 2026-08-29
Trulicity is injection: solution in a single-dose pen at 0.75 mg/0.5 mL, 1.5 mg/0.5 mL, 3 mg/0.5 mL, and 4.5 mg/0.5 mL solution in a single-dose pen, recorded as prescription product; fda label in effect 2023-08-05 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 0a4716d0-9c9c-4bc3-a8f1-6784599aae89 · read 2026-08-27
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Dulaglutide studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Claims that go past the evidence
Things said about this substance that sound reasonable, and the exact step that is missing between the evidence and the claim.
✗Goes past the evidence
That REWIND demonstrated a survival benefit; the mortality confidence interval crosses 1
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That biosimilar competition will bring this molecule down to generic small-peptide prices
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Dulaglutide are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Every line above can be traced to the study named beside it. Follow the link and read it.
REWIND: 12% relative reduction in major cardiovascular events over 5.4 years
In plain words
In 9,901 people with type 2 diabetes, the composite of heart attack, stroke and cardiovascular death occurred in 12.0% on dulaglutide against 13.4% on placebo. Deaths from any cause did not differ.
What was measured
Time to first nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke or cardiovascular death
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
371 sites, 24 countries, median follow-up 5.4 years, median baseline HbA1c 7.2%. Primary composite 594 (12.0%) versus 663 (13.4%), hazard ratio 0.88 (95% CI 0.79 to 0.99), P=0.026. All-cause mortality 536 (10.8%) versus 592 (12.0%), hazard ratio 0.90 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.01), P=0.067.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
That REWIND showed a mortality benefit
In plain words
It did not. Deaths from any cause were 10.8% against 12.0%, and that difference was not statistically significant.
What was measured
All-cause mortality, hazard ratio 0.90, P = 0.067
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
All-cause mortality hazard ratio 0.90 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.01), P=0.067. The confidence interval crosses 1. A composite endpoint driven largely by nonfatal stroke does not license a survival claim.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
Chosen as the active comparator in a 13,299-person trial of its successor
In plain words
When Lilly tested tirzepatide for cardiovascular outcomes it did not use placebo. It used dulaglutide, and tirzepatide did not beat it.
What was measured
Not recorded
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
SURPASS-CVOT randomised 13,299 people with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic disease to tirzepatide or dulaglutide 1.5 mg. Primary composite 12.2% versus 13.1%, hazard ratio 0.92 (95.3% CI 0.83 to 1.01), P=0.09 for superiority. Using dulaglutide rather than placebo was itself a statement that placebo was no longer an acceptable comparator in this population.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
AWARD-11: which estimand you pick decides whether the 3.0 mg dose worked
In plain words
Tripling the dose gave about a quarter of a percentage point more HbA1c reduction. For the middle dose, the answer flipped depending on how discontinuations were handled: significant one way, not significant the other.
What was measured
Change in HbA1c at week 36 under two prespecified estimands
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
52-week phase 3 trial, n=1,842, metformin-treated type 2 diabetes. At week 36 dulaglutide 4.5 mg was superior to 1.5 mg on both prespecified estimands (treatment-regimen difference -0.24%, P<0.001). Dulaglutide 3.0 mg was superior on the efficacy estimand (-0.17%, P=0.003) but not on the treatment-regimen estimand (-0.10%, P=0.096).
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
That a fusion protein is interchangeable with a small peptide in this class
In plain words
It is not, in one respect that matters for price. A 63 kilodalton protein made in mammalian cells cannot be copied as a generic; it needs a biosimilar programme. Liraglutide already has a generic. Dulaglutide does not.
What was measured
That competition will erode the price of every drug in this class on the same timeline
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
The label describes a recombinant fusion of a GLP-1 analogue to a modified human IgG4 Fc, expressed in CHO cells, molecular weight approximately 63 kDa. Follow-on entry therefore requires analytical, non-clinical and clinical comparability rather than bioequivalence, and the 2026 NADAC file lists no generic dulaglutide.
Source
TRULICITY US prescribing information, section 11; CMS NADAC 2026 file
Role in the trial
Not matched to a registered study
Identity check
no open identity hold
Audit mark
caution
Review state
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
How many documents were read
7 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
7 of them state the same halfLife, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
WTT295HSY5
RxNorm concept
1551291
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
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No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
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Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Reviewed first-read answer.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
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No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✗ Not passed
Safety mode resolved
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
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Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
1 approved application covers products containing this substance. The earliest was BLA125469, approved 20140918 to ELI LILLY AND CO.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
3 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
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The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
The older medicine-wide conclusion held in this record
Written for a clinical reader, and about the medicine as a whole rather than about one indication, population and set of trials. RNAWiki does not treat it as a programme conclusion and no reviewer has signed it off in that form. It is here word for word because it is what the record holds.
A GLP-1 analogue fused to an antibody tail so it lasts a week by size rather than by fat, which cut the composite of heart attack, stroke and cardiovascular death from 13.4% to 12.0% over 5.4 years in 9,901 people.
Recorded evidence blocks (14)
Q1
What did Dulaglutide's largest trial (887132 people) and its longest (7.1 years) measure?
887132 people in Dulaglutide's largest registered study, 7.1 years in its longest registered window, measuring Composite of all-cause mortality, myocardial infarction or stroke (Tirzepatide vs. dulaglutide). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
34 phase3, 24 phase1, 23 phase2, 20 phase4, 9 na or unstated, 5 na; NCT01394952; 2018-08-21; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2026, NCT07313813.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Dulaglutide was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase3
34
phase1
24
phase2
23
phase4
20
na or unstated
9
na
5
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT07313813
2026-08-13
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
Dulaglutide was tested only in human — what did it show?
"Sponsor decision to cancel TRIAL, not related to safety concern."; 3 of 111 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03684642
terminated; "Sponsor decision to cancel TRIAL, not related to safety concern."
NCT03743025
terminated; "The study was terminated following the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) review due to concerns with perioperative use of the study drug."
NCT04862234
terminated; "This clinical trial was terminated on June 7, 2024 due to new information about contraindications of using the study drug in this population."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of Dulaglutide used dulaglutide (TRULICITY®) 1.5 mg — over how long?
approximately 5 days; The apparent population mean clearance of dulaglutide was 0.142 L/h. The elimination half-life of dulaglutide was approximately 5 days.
tmax
Following subcutaneous administration, the time to maximum plasma concentration of dulaglutide at steady state ranges from 24 to 72 hours, with a median of 48 hours.
bioavailability
65% (single 0.75 mg dose) and 47% (single 1.5 mg dose) %; The mean absolute bioavailability of dulaglutide following subcutaneous administration of single 0.75 mg and 1.5 mg doses was 65% and 47%, respectively.
metabolism
Metabolism – Dulaglutide is presumed to be degraded into its component amino acids by general protein catabolism pathways.
recorded 2026-08-27 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Dulaglutide's effect on glycosylated hemoglobin change from baseline?
Glycosylated hemoglobin change from baseline: measured in Dulaglutide's trials.
Interpretation glycosylated hemoglobin change from baseline is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
glycosylated hemoglobin change from baseline; 2026-09-01
glycosylated hemoglobin; 2026-09-01
pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin area under the curve; 2026-09-01
pharmacokinetics time of maximum concentration; 2026-09-01
maximum insulin concentration first phase response; 2026-09-01
maximum insulin concentration second phase response; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
insulin area under the curve second phase response; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pharmacokinetics maximum concentration of lisinopril; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
treatment emergent adverse events; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hypoglycemic episodes; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
glycosylated hemoglobin at 26 weeks; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hemoglobin a1c; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hba1c at 26 weeks; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
glycosylated hemoglobin a1c at 24 weeks; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hemoglobin a1c at 24 weeks; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hba1c at 24 weeks; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hba1c; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
one or more serious adverse event; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
glycated hemoglobin to week 26 core period; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
glycated hemoglobin to week 52 single arm extension period; 2026-09-01
half life
2026-09-04; halfLife; approximately 5 days; 2026-08-27
human trials at or under30
17
smallest human trial
7; NCT05254418; PHASE2; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; COMPLETED
Q7
Which of adverse effects, blood glucose levels 140 / during post operative period and blood pressure did Dulaglutide's trials measure?
adverse effects, blood glucose levels 140 / during post operative period and blood pressure lead 40 outcome terms across Dulaglutide's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation pharmacokinetics time of maximum concentration, maximum insulin concentration first phase response, maximum insulin concentration second phase response, insulin area under the curve second phase response, pharmacokinetics maximum concentration of lisinopril and treatment emergent adverse events follow.
Show the evidence
glycosylated hemoglobin change from baseline
1
glycosylated hemoglobin
1
pharmacokinetics of atorvastatin area under the curve
1
pharmacokinetics time of maximum concentration
1
maximum insulin concentration first phase response
1
maximum insulin concentration second phase response
1
14 more recorded rows
insulin area under the curve second phase response
1
pharmacokinetics maximum concentration of lisinopril
1
treatment emergent adverse events
1
hypoglycemic episodes
1
glycosylated hemoglobin at 26 weeks
1
hemoglobin a1c
1
hba1c at 26 weeks
1
glycosylated hemoglobin a1c at 24 weeks
1
hemoglobin a1c at 24 weeks
1
hba1c at 24 weeks
1
hba1c
1
one or more serious adverse event
1
glycated hemoglobin to week 26 core period
1
glycated hemoglobin to week 52 single arm extension period
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Dulaglutide's 15 ongoing trials reports first?
"Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study"; n 781430; "MACE"; 2027-09-30
NCT05478707
"Therapeutic Strategies for Microvascular Dysfunction in Type 1 Diabetes"; n 47; "Microvascular blood volume (MBV)"; 2028-07-30
NCT06257966
"A Phase 3 Study to Evaluate the Efficacy of JY09 Compared With Dulaglutide in Combination Therapy Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 Patients With Metformin"; n 600; "HbA1c"; 2026-11-30
NCT06611904
"The Effect of Combined Dulaglutide and Dapagliflozin Treatment vs DPP-4 Inhibitors in Endothelial and Vascular Function in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Albuminuria"; n 60; "UACR"; 2024-12-15
NCT06739122
"A Study of Dulaglutide (LY2189265) 3.0 mg and 4.5 mg in Pediatric Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (AWARD-PEDS PLUS)"; n 55; "Number of Participants with One or More Serious Adverse Events (SAE) Considered by the Investigator to be Related to Study Drug Administration"; 2027-12
NCT06851962
"Impact of Pharmacogenetic-Guided Treatment on Type 2 Diabetes."; n 504; "Comparison of HbA1c ≤7% goal at Week 24 between Pharmacogenetic-Guided and Standard Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes"; 2026-06-30
9 further recorded trials
NCT07109700
"A Study of HDM1005 in Participants With T2DM Not Controlled With Diet/Exercise or Metformin"; n 216; "Change from baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)"; 2026-02-28
NCT07156539
"A Phase 3 Study of HS-20094 in Patients With T2DM"; n 546; "Change in HbA1c"; 2027-05-30
NCT07282041
"Role of GLP1 RA Dulaglutide on Severe Intracranial Atherosclerosis"; n 130; "To evaluate whether GLP1 RA (Dulaglutide) therapy would improveme cerebral vasodilatory reserve by at least 4 points in patients with severe stenosis of ICA or MCA"; 2030-12-01
NCT07309094
"Clinical, Morphometric and Biochemical Effects on Adiposopathy Associated With the Use of GLP-1RA in CKD"; n 250; "Ultrasonography change in perirenal adipose tissue thickness"; 2028-12-31
NCT07319286
"Role of Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in Menstrual Irregularities in Adolescent Females With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus"; n 50; "Frequency of Self-Reported Menstrual Irregularities"; 2027-03
NCT07325435
"Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists"; n 60; "Change in Stimulated C-peptide Index during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is a measure of Beta Cell Function and will be measuresd at baseline and at 16 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2-Inhibitor"; 2028-06-30
NCT07537088
"Efficacy and Safety of Triple Therapy With Dulaglutide, SGLT2 Inhibitors, and Finerenone in Chinese Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease"; n 468; "Urine Albumin-to-Creatinine Ratio（UACR）"; 2027-07
NCT07668336
"A Study of Orforglipron (LY3502970) Compared With Dulaglutide in Pediatric Participants With Type 2 Diabetes"; n 170; "Change from Baseline in Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)"; 2030-03
NCT07677891
"Phase II Study of Switching From Dulaglutide to PG-102(MG12) in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"; n 60; "Change in HbA1c from Baseline at Week 32"; 2027-06
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Dulaglutide could settle insulin sensitivity?
NCT07325435 measures Change in Stimulated C-peptide Index during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is a measure of Beta Cell Function and will be measuresd at baseline and at 16 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2-Inhibitor, reading out 2028-06-30.
1 open trial; n 60; "Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT07325435
"Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists"; n 60; "Change in Stimulated C-peptide Index during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is a measure of Beta Cell Function and will be measuresd at baseline and at 16 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2-Inhibitor"; 2028-06-30
Q10
Which 20 trials of Dulaglutide posted no result?
Posted no result
20 of 20 completed trials
Registrations
NCT03141632, NCT03824002, NCT02770885, NCT03590626, NCT04143802 and NCT03668470, and 14 more
Completion dates
oldest 2017-05-12; newest 2024-04-09
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03141632
2017-05-12
NCT03824002
2018-04-20
NCT02770885
2019-10-07
NCT03590626
2020-02-18
NCT04143802
2020-12-28
NCT03668470
2021-02-03
14 further recorded trials
NCT04466904
2021-05-28
NCT05946148
2021-05-31
NCT04829903
2021-11-20
NCT04641312
2021-12-21
NCT04876027
2022-05-10
NCT04965506
2022-06-11
NCT05459285
2022-07-08
NCT03204396
2022-08-30
NCT04687514
2022-09-05
NCT05516966
2023-05-24
NCT06182891
2023-10-30
NCT05377333
2023-11-22
NCT05407961
2024-01-12
NCT05606913
2024-04-09
Q11
At the median, Dulaglutide's trials enrolled 159 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
159
Largest enrolment
887132
Registered trials counted
111
Q12
What do 3194 spontaneous reports say about Dulaglutide — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Dulaglutide appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 3194 reaction mentions were counted: nausea 802; vomiting 412; diarrhoea 397; blood glucose increased 371. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL2108027 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
nausea
802
vomiting
412
diarrhoea
397
blood glucose increased
371
injection site pain
367
pancreatitis
217
4 more recorded rows
abdominal pain upper
170
weight decreased
165
glycosylated haemoglobin increased
150
injection site erythema
143
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Dulaglutide studied with fasting and exercise?
fasting and exercise are named in Dulaglutide's label sentences: "At Week 52, the dulaglutide 1.5-mg arm had a significantly greater proportion of participants who achieved HbA1c <7.0% (46.3% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.03) and showed significantly greater reduction in fasting serum glucose (LSM difference -9.4 mg/dL [95% CI -14.4, -4.3]; p < 0.001) versus the dulaglutide…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2024-05-07
2 recorded statements; fasting, exercise
Show the evidence
fasting
At Week 52, the dulaglutide 1.5-mg arm had a significantly greater proportion of participants who achieved HbA1c <7.0% (46.3% vs. 38.5%; p = 0.03) and showed significantly greater reduction in fasting serum glucose (LSM difference -9.4 mg/dL [95% CI -14.4, -4.3]; p < 0.001) versus the dulaglutide 0.75-mg arm.
exercise
Adults with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled with diet and exercise alone or with stable metformin (glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] 7.0-10.5% [53-91 mmol/mol]) were randomly assigned to receive 3 mg mazdutide (n = 51), 4.5 mg mazdutide (n = 49), 6 mg mazdutide (n = 49), 1.5 mg open-label dulaglutide (n = 50), or placebo (n = 51) subcutaneously for 20 weeks.
recorded 2024-05-07 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
What is recorded about Dulaglutide and mTOR?
"In conclusion, this study suggested that dulaglutide may alleviate learning and memory impairment and neuron damage in VD rats by attenuating apoptosis, regulating autophagy, and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in neurons, which may make it a promising candidate for the simultaneous treatment of VD and diabetes." — where Dulaglutide and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2024-04-25
"In conclusion, this study suggested that dulaglutide may alleviate learning and memory impairment and neuron damage in VD rats by attenuating apoptosis, regulating autophagy, and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in neurons, which may make it a promising candidate for the simultaneous treatment of VD and diabetes."
autophagyPMID 36571662
"In conclusion, this study suggested that dulaglutide may alleviate learning and memory impairment and neuron damage in VD rats by attenuating apoptosis, regulating autophagy, and activating the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in neurons, which may make it a promising candidate for the simultaneous treatment of VD and diabetes."
sirtuin
PMID 35583801
"Our results suggest that Dulaglutide can alleviate high-glucose-induced oxidative stress in human retinal endothelial cells by restoring the expressions of SIRT1 and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), thereby inhibiting the expression of PAI-1, and restoring telomerase activity."
PMID 38697011
"Mechanistically, dulaglutide mitigated mitochondrial fission in endothelial cells under high-glucose conditions, partly through maintaining SIRT1 expression, which is crucial for mitochondrial dynamics."
PMID 31302140
"Mechanistically, our findings indicate that SIRT1 was involved in this process by showing that knockdown of SIRT1 by transfection with SIRT1 siRNA abolished the inhibitory effects of dulaglutide on IL-1β and IL-18 secretion via suppression of NLRP3, ASC, and p10."
recorded 2024-04-25 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.