This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Deferoxamine does in the body
Deferoxamine Mesylate for Injection does not cause any demonstrable increase in the excretion of electrolytes or trace metals.
From the FDA-approved label: Deferoxamine Mesylate for Injection chelates iron by forming a stable complex that prevents the iron from entering into further chemical reactions. It readily chelates iron from ferritin and hemosiderin but not readily from transferrin; it does not combine with the iron from cytochromes and hemoglobin. 5 parts by weight of ferric iron.
Why people take it. DESFERAL is an iron-chelating agent indicated: As an adjunct to standard measures for the treatment of acute iron intoxication.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · J06Y7MXW4D · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
A person wrote this explanation into the record, with the studies named in the path below.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 104 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 29 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved4 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Healthy ageing
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Cholesterol
total cholesterol; hdl cholesterol; ldl cholesterol; triglycerides
Healthy ageing
mortality rate
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
4 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06352632
How many people
20000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
mRS scores at 6 months analysed with utility-weights
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06763055
How many people
2000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Demonstrate non-inferiority to deferoxamine in its effects on liver iron content (LIC)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00061750
How many people
595
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Long Term Safety and Tolerability Profile of ICL670 Based on the Number of Participants Who Experienced Any Adverse Event
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00171210
How many people
506
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
F 2 -isoprostanes pg/mL
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04292314
How many people
350
Study design
Phase 2/Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Percentage of Participants Who Achieved Erythroid Response - Week 13 to Week 24
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02604433
How many people
336
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Injection
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.1 registered measure of this kind. No reviewed result.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.9 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Drosophila (fruit fly), Mouse, Rat, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
total cholesterol
hdl cholesterol
ldl cholesterol
triglycerides
serum total iron
c reactive protein
serum ferritin
peak plasma concentration of each cat component
serum ferritin levels
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
mortality rate
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (19)
vary by protocol
reporting adverse events
left ventricular ejection fraction
clinical efficacy
dose limiting toxicities
stable disease
experiencing serious adverse events
safety
healing
f 2 isoprostanes
transferrin saturation
total iron binding capacity
acute kidney injury
half life time of each cat component
volume of distribution of each cat component
clearence of each cat component
elimination rate constant of each cat component
iron levels
mrs scores at 6 months analysed utility weights
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Deferoxamine mesylate for injection is an iron-chelating agent indicated: Limitations of Use Deferoxamine mesylate for injection is not indicated for the treatment of primary hemochromatosis (since phlebotomy is the method of choice for removing excess iron in this disorder). As an adjunct to standard measures for the treatment of acute iron intoxication.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients under the age of 3 years have not been established.”
US prescribing information · a7174843-5965-49fc-b842-f7eff7b48bbc · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Clinical Studies of Desferal did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 years and over to determine whether they respond differently from the younger subjects.”
US prescribing information · a7174843-5965-49fc-b842-f7eff7b48bbc · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no available data on Desferal use in pregnant women to evaluate for a drug-associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriages or adverse maternal or fetal outcomes.”
US prescribing information · a7174843-5965-49fc-b842-f7eff7b48bbc · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “There are no data on the presence of deferoxamine or its metabolite in either human or animal milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · a7174843-5965-49fc-b842-f7eff7b48bbc · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “For patients with hepatic impairment, dose selection should usually start at the low end of the dosing range.”
US prescribing information · a7174843-5965-49fc-b842-f7eff7b48bbc · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “Desferal is contraindicated in patients with severe renal disease [see Contraindications (4)] .”
US prescribing information · a7174843-5965-49fc-b842-f7eff7b48bbc · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Injection
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S3.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as injectable, injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution, injection, powder, for solution, given by the injection, intramuscular, intravenous route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Deferoxamine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 288 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
serum ferritin increased — 62 reaction mentions
vomiting — 46 reaction mentions
visual acuity reduced — 39 reaction mentions
abdominal pain — 30 reaction mentions
haemoglobin decreased — 28 reaction mentions
blood creatinine increased — 24 reaction mentions
fundoscopy abnormal — 18 reaction mentions
premature baby — 15 reaction mentions
foetal distress syndrome — 13 reaction mentions
iron overload — 13 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Injection
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
14 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 14 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 46014-1003 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, powder, for solution, injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution and powder, taken intramuscular, intravenous and subcutaneous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 46014-1003 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is iron chelating activity [moa] and iron chelator [epc].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 46014-1003 · read 2026-08-29
6 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 6 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · a7174843-5965-49fc-b842-f7eff7b48bbc · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · a7174843-5965-49fc-b842-f7eff7b48bbc · read 2026-08-29
Desferal is intramuscular at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS For injection: 500 mg of deferoxamine mesylate (corresponding to 426.82 mg of deferoxamine as free base) as a white to almost white lyophilized powder in a single-dose vial for reconstitutio…, recorded as fda label in effect 2025-06-17 in the United States.
US prescribing information · a7174843-5965-49fc-b842-f7eff7b48bbc · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Deferoxamine studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Deferoxamine are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
J06Y7MXW4D
CAS registry number
70-51-9
PubChem compound
2973
ChEMBL
CHEMBL556
ChEBI
4356
WHO international nonproprietary name list entry
1682
RxNorm concept
3131
EMA substance identifier
100000083476
European Chemicals Agency number
200-738-5
DrugBank
DB00746
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How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
6 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA016267, approved 19680401 to MITEM PHARMA.
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What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (10)
Q2
What did Deferoxamine's largest trial (2000 people) and its longest (17 years) measure?
2000 people in Deferoxamine's largest registered study, 17 years in its longest registered window, measuring Clinical and Analytical Adverse Events (anemia, hypotension, renal failure, mortality, hemorrhagic transformation, cerebral edema, other severe adverse events). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
22 phase2, 7 phase1, 7 phase3, 5 phase4, 4 na, 2 early phase1, 2 na or unstated; NCT00000595; 1994-09. Last human test completed 2024, NCT05748587.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Deferoxamine was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase2
22
phase1
7
phase3
7
phase4
5
na
4
early phase1
2
2 more recorded rows
na or unstated
2
Last recorded human testNCT05748587
2024-04-01
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From Drosophila to human: where has Deferoxamine shown lifespan?
Interpretation Clinical and Analytical Adverse Events (anemia, hypotension, renal failure, mortality, hemorrhagic transformation, cerebral edema, other severe adverse events) — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
Drosophila
lifespan
NHP
mechanism-only
mouse
lifespan
rat
mechanism-only
humanNCT00777140
lifespan; Clinical and Analytical Adverse Events (anemia, hypotension, renal failure, mortality, hemorrhagic transformation, cerebral edema, other severe adverse events); 43
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
6 of Deferoxamine's trials stopped: safety, accrual/recruitment, other?
"due to low enrollment"; 6 of 43 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00115349
terminated; "due to low enrollment"
NCT00658411
terminated; "Closed due to slow patient accrual"
NCT01459718
terminated; "The study terminated due to low enrollment."
NCT01662895
terminated; "By DSMB on October 18, 2013 due to increased incidence of ARDS. See modified protocol \[NCT02175225"
NCT02041299
terminated; "Difficulties with additional recruitment as pool of potential patients was exhausted, and sufficient information for determination of study outcome measure was already obtained"
NCT02216513
terminated; "Principle Investigator is moving to another institution and plans to restart this proctocol in the new location."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Deferoxamine used Desferal 500 MG Injection — over how long?
1 recorded entry; human; also "Desferal 500 MG Injection"
Show the evidence
humanNCT04389801
Desferal 500 MG Injection
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Which of acute kidney injury, c reactive protein and clearence of each cat component did Deferoxamine's trials measure?
acute kidney injury, c reactive protein and clearence of each cat component lead 29 outcome terms across Deferoxamine's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Deferoxamine In the Treatment of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH)"; n 120; "Utility-weighted modified Rankin Scale (UW-mRS) at 6 months"; 2027-10
NCT04633889
"Deferoxamine for the Prevention of Cardiac Surgery-Associated Acute Kidney Injury"; n 320; "Acute Kidney Injury"; 2026-08-01
NCT05184816
"A Study of Deferoxamine (DFO) in People With Leptomeningeal Metastasis"; n 32; "Frequency of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) during Phase Ia (Primary safety endpoint during dose-finding phase)"; 2027-12
NCT06763055
"The Fifth INTEnsive pReventing Secondary Injury in Acute Cerebral Haemorrhage Trial Within ACT-GLOBAL"; n 2000; "mRS scores at 6 months analysed with utility-weights"; 2028-01
NCT07023666
"Early Screening and Treatment of Heart Complication in Sickle Cell Disease"; n 100; "Incidence of Hospitalization for Sickle Cell Disease Related Complications"; 2027-06-30
NCT07162363
"Synergistic Minimally Invasive Surgery and Deferoxamine in ICH"; n 240; "Utility-weighted Modified Rankin Scale (mRS)"; 2028-12-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which 14 trials of Deferoxamine posted no result?
Posted no result
14 of 14 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00000595, NCT00105495, NCT00800761, NCT00000623, NCT00598572 and NCT00349453, and 8 more
Completion dates
oldest 1994-09; newest 2024-04-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00000595
1994-09
NCT00105495
2004-10
NCT00800761
2006-06
NCT00000623
2006-07
NCT00598572
2010-04
NCT00349453
2011-05
8 further recorded trials
NCT01369719
2011-05
NCT00777140
2011-12
NCT01365104
2014-12
NCT04292314
2021-01-20
NCT05215743
2022-12-22
NCT07782931
2022-12-30
NCT06468423
2023-09-30
NCT05748587
2024-04-01
Q9
At the median, Deferoxamine's trials enrolled 97 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
97
Largest enrolment
2000
Registered trials counted
41
Q10
What do 288 spontaneous reports say about Deferoxamine — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Deferoxamine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 288 reaction mentions were counted: serum ferritin increased 62; vomiting 46; visual acuity reduced 39; abdominal pain 30. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1234 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
serum ferritin increased
62
vomiting
46
visual acuity reduced
39
abdominal pain
30
haemoglobin decreased
28
blood creatinine increased
24
4 more recorded rows
fundoscopy abnormal
18
premature baby
15
foetal distress syndrome
13
iron overload
13
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q11
What is recorded about Deferoxamine and mTOR?
"Our findings uncover a previously unappreciated axis of virus-host interaction centering on Golgi stress and ferroptosis and suggest that modulation of organelle-specific stress responses represents a promising therapeutic strategy in both antiviral and cancer contexts.<b>Abbreviations</b>: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ARF1: ARF…" — where Deferoxamine and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-04-10
"Our findings uncover a previously unappreciated axis of virus-host interaction centering on Golgi stress and ferroptosis and suggest that modulation of organelle-specific stress responses represents a promising therapeutic strategy in both antiviral and cancer contexts.<b>Abbreviations</b>: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ARF1: ARF GTPase 1; ARF4: ARF GTPase 4; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BFA:…"
AMPKPMID 41961065
"Our findings uncover a previously unappreciated axis of virus-host interaction centering on Golgi stress and ferroptosis and suggest that modulation of organelle-specific stress responses represents a promising therapeutic strategy in both antiviral and cancer contexts.<b>Abbreviations</b>: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ARF1: ARF GTPase 1; ARF4: ARF GTPase 4; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BFA:…"
autophagy
PMID 41961065
"Our findings uncover a previously unappreciated axis of virus-host interaction centering on Golgi stress and ferroptosis and suggest that modulation of organelle-specific stress responses represents a promising therapeutic strategy in both antiviral and cancer contexts.<b>Abbreviations</b>: AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; ARF1: ARF GTPase 1; ARF4: ARF GTPase 4; ATG7: autophagy related 7; BFA:…"
PMID 39224780
"Furthermore, inhibition of ferroptosis by ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1), iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), or AST could activate healthy autophagic flux."
PMID 40097764
"N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, and ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) and deferoxamine (DFO), two ferroptosis inhibitors, significantly eliminated rotenone-induced autophagy and apoptosis."
mTORPMID 41472348
"Several therapeutic interventions have been utilized, like modulators of key signaling pathways (Wnt/β-catenin, PI3K/Akt/mTOR, JAK/STAT, and Notch), repurposed pharmacological agents (e.g. metformin, colchicine, deferoxamine, and lithium carbonate), and advanced local treatments such as bioactive hydrogels and next-generation dressings."
recorded 2026-04-10 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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