This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL does in the body
The drug blocks the transporter your kidney uses to reclaim sugar from the fluid it has just filtered.
Around 70 grams of glucose a day leaves in the urine, and sodium and water go with it. The load on the heart falls, the pressure inside each kidney filter falls, and over years fewer people are admitted with heart failure and fewer kidneys fail. The blood sugar effect is real, modest, and not the reason most people are now given it.
Why people take it. Heart failure, chronic kidney disease, and type 2 diabetes with heart or kidney risk
What happened in people
Worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death 16.3% against 21.2% in 4,744 patients with reduced ejection fraction, with all-cause death 11.6% against 13.9%
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The recorded finding that sits closest to something a person would notice. Written into the record, not signed off, and it carries no population or interval.
That SGLT2 inhibition prevents heart attacks and strokes — DECLARE-TIMI 58 tested exactly that and gave p=0.17
Where it acts
Brush border of the renal proximal convoluted tubule, segment S1 and S2
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
Its recorded molecular formula is C21H25ClO6, weighing 408.88.
US prescribing information · 08baca21-e39e-4e61-961f-d89432fe8007 · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
A person wrote this explanation into the record, with the studies named in the path below.
The recorded use, written for a reader without medical training. Not signed off.
A limit recorded against this substance. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The four opening statements run to 121 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Randomisation
Randomisation means chance decides who gets which treatment.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like a coin toss deciding the groups.
Where that stops being true. A coin toss is fair once. Fairness here comes from doing it for everyone.
What people get wrong. It is thought to make groups identical. It makes them similar on average, including on things nobody measured.
Allocation of participants to arms by a chance process, so that unmeasured factors are balanced in expectation.
Confidence interval
A confidence interval is the range the true answer is likely to sit in.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like a weather forecast giving a range rather than one number.
Where that stops being true. A forecast range covers tomorrow. This one covers what the study could resolve.
What people get wrong. The middle number is read as the answer. A range crossing zero means no change is still possible.
An interval estimate that would contain the true parameter in a stated proportion of repeated studies.
Formulation
A formulation is the exact made-up form a substance comes in.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like the difference between a whole bean and instant coffee.
Where that stops being true. Coffee tastes different. A formulation can change how much reaches the blood.
What people get wrong. Two products with the same name are assumed to behave the same. They often do not.
The specific composition and physical form of a product, including salt, excipients and release profile.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved9 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Body weight
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Blood sugar
hba1c compared to placebo; adjusted mean change in hba1c levels; urinary glucose excretion dynamics; adjusted mean change from baseline in hba1c levels; insulin sensitivity; 7 glucose monitoring at day 7; adjusted mean change in hba1c from baseline to week 24; glucose levels at minute 0 at week 12
Body weight
adjusted mean change in total body weight
Cholesterol
triglycerides levels at week 12
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
9 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Results from the one trial this record names
In NCT03036124, Subjects included in the composite endpoint of CV death, hospitalization due to heart failure or urgent visit due to heart failure (primary efficacy) was 386 participants (dapagliflozin 10 mg arm) against 502 participants (placebo arm) in the comparison group at Up to 27.8 months. The recorded difference is Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.74 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.85; p<0.0001).
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT03036124 · read 2026-08-27
Co-primary efficacy: major adverse cardiovascular events, and cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
DECLARE-TIMI 58 (NCT01730534)
How many people
17160
Study design
Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, median 4.2 years
Compared against
A dummy treatment
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
MACE HR 0.93 (95% CI 0.84-1.03), P = 0.17 — missed; the heart failure composite met at HR 0.83, P = 0.005
Repeated elsewhere
Partially Replicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Diabetic ketoacidosis 0.3% against 0.1% (p=0.02); serious or discontinuation-causing genital infection 0.9% against 0.1% (p<0.001). All-cause death 6.2% against 6.6%, not significant.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral tablet, and fixed combinations with metformin and with saxagliptin
Interval reported. 95% CI 0
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
Worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death, ejection fraction above 40%
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
DELIVER (NCT03619213)
How many people
6263
Study design
Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, median 2.3 years
Compared against
A dummy treatment
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
HR 0.82 (95% CI 0.73-0.92), P < 0.001
Repeated elsewhere
Replicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Cardiovascular death alone gave HR 0.88 (0.74-1.05), an interval including no effect. The composite was carried by worsening heart failure.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral tablet, and fixed combinations with metformin and with saxagliptin
Interval reported. 95% CI 0
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
Hierarchical composite of death, heart failure hospitalisation, non-fatal infarction, atrial fibrillation, new type 2 diabetes, NYHA class and 5% body-weight decrease, by win ratio
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
DAPA-MI (NCT04564742)
How many people
4017
Study design
Registry-based randomised double-blind trial, approximately 1 year
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Win ratio 1.34 (95% CI 1.20-1.50), P < 0.001
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. The win-ratio endpoint was adopted in a change of analysis during the trial because of low event accrual, and the result was driven mainly by the added cardiometabolic components. Cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalisation was 2.5% against 2.6%, HR 0.95.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral tablet, and fixed combinations with metformin and with saxagliptin
Interval reported. 95% CI 1
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
RNAWiki holds 5 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.21 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
□AnimalsNo evidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.No animal record is stored.
□Cells in a dishNo evidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.No cell or bench record is stored.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it changes in the body◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
The path through the body
From what a person takes to what changes. A solid line is a step measured in people. A dashed line is a step nobody has measured that way.
Where a source records it acting
Kidneys: Inhibits SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubules, reducing reabsorption of filtered glucose (as recorded)
US prescribing information · 01f90c94-71cb-4a1f-81ff-8004b850529b · read 2026-08-27
Start
DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL
What a person takes: Oral tablet, and fixed combinations with metformin and with saxagliptin.
The measurement behind this step
Once daily, with or without food. Cleared by glucuronidation rather than by cytochrome P450, giving a short interaction list. Its glucose-lowering effect depends on filtered glucose load and diminishes as kidney function falls, while its heart failure and renal benefits were demonstrated down to an eGFR of 25.
Getting in
Absorbed rapidly, cleared by glucuronidation rather than by cytochromes
The tablet is well absorbed and the body disposes of it by attaching a sugar-derived tag, not by the liver enzyme system that most drug interactions run through.
──Measured in people. Written by a person from the study named beside the step. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The measurement behind this step
Oral bioavailability is about 78%, with peak plasma concentration within two hours and a terminal half-life of roughly 12.9 hours. Clearance is dominated by UGT1A9-mediated glucuronidation to the inactive dapagliflozin 3-O-glucuronide, with minimal cytochrome P450 involvement — which is why the interaction list is short.
Filtered and secreted into the tubule to reach its target from the urine side
The transporter it blocks faces the fluid that has just been filtered out of the blood, so the drug has to get into that fluid to work.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
SGLT2 is expressed on the apical brush border of proximal tubule segments S1 and S2, where it reabsorbs roughly 90% of filtered glucose. Access is luminal. SGLT1, in segment S3 and throughout the small intestine, reclaims the remainder, which is why maximal SGLT2 inhibition still leaves some glucose reabsorption intact.
A glucose mimic that cannot be cut apart occupies the transporter
The drug carries a sugar ring joined to the rest of the molecule by a bond the body cannot break, so it sits in the transporter instead of being digested out of it.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Dapagliflozin is a C-aryl glucoside: the carbon-carbon glycosidic linkage resists beta-glucosidase hydrolysis, the flaw that made phlorizin undevelopable. Selectivity for SGLT2 over SGLT1 is roughly 1,200-fold, sufficient to leave intestinal glucose absorption unaffected.
Glucose, sodium and water leave together, and the kidney filter resets its pressure
Unreclaimed sugar drags water out with it and leaves sodium behind in the tubule. A sensor further along reads that extra sodium and tightens the vessel feeding the filter, lowering the pressure across it.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Urinary glucose excretion rises to roughly 70 grams daily with accompanying osmotic diuresis and natriuresis. Increased sodium chloride delivery to the macula densa restores tubuloglomerular feedback, constricting the afferent arteriole and reducing intraglomerular hypertension — the leading explanation for the initial eGFR dip and for the long-term slowing of decline.
Heart failure events and kidney decline fall; heart attacks do not
Across four large trials the consistent findings are fewer heart failure admissions and slower kidney deterioration. Heart attacks and strokes were not reduced.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
In DECLARE-TIMI 58 the MACE hazard ratio was 0.93 (p=0.17) while heart failure hospitalisation fell to 0.73 and the renal composite to 0.76. In DAPA-CKD the primary composite hazard ratio was 0.61 with a number needed to treat of 19, and all-cause mortality 0.69. In DAPA-HF all-cause mortality was 0.83.
No suggested links are held for this record, so nothing is hidden from this path.
What we know
The record describes 5 steps from taking it to an effect in a person.
How we know it
Each step names the study behind it in the technical detail beside it.
What this does not prove
A change inside the body is a reason to look. It is not a result in a person.
Why it matters
A reader can see exactly where the chain stops being measured in people.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim binds any of these steps to a named population.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
hba1c compared to placebo
blood and urine pk samples
iohexol pk blood urine samples for gfr assessment
adjusted mean change in hba1c levels
urinary glucose excretion dynamics
adjusted mean change in total body weight
adjusted mean change from baseline in hemoglobin at week 12
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c
serum uric acid
seated heart rate
and 11 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (19)
aes vital signs physical exam
ecgs
clinical labs
urine safety markers
electronic measures of heart beats
oral bioavailability
calculation of derivation of pharmacokinetic variables
adverse events
serious adverse events
at least one episode of hypoglycemia
hematocrit
alanine aminotransferase
aspartate aminotransferase
blood urea nitrogen
magnesium
high density lipoprotein levels at week 12
insulinogenic index at week 12
stumvoll index at week 12
matsuda index at week 12
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
People with heart failure across the ejection fraction range, people with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, and people with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular risk. On the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Who a named study recorded including and excluding
It included: Male or female, aged ≥18 years; Established documented diagnosis of symptomatic HFrEF (NYHA functional class II-IV), which has been present for at least 2 months; LVEF≤40%; Elevated NT-proBNP levels; eGFR ≥30 mL/min/1.73 m^2 (CKD-EPI formula) at enrolment (visit 1).
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT03036124 · read 2026-08-27
It excluded: Receiving therapy with an SGLT2 inhibitor within 8 weeks prior to enrolment or previous intolerance of an SGLT2 inhibitor; Type 1 diabetes mellitus; Symptomatic hypotension or systolic BP <95 mmHg at 2 out of 3 measurements either at visit 1 or visit 2; Current acute decompensated HF or hospitalization due to decompensated HF <4 weeks prior to enrolment; MI, unstable angina, stroke or transient ischemic attack within 12 weeks prior to enrolment; Severe (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m^2 by CKD-EPI), unstable or rapidly progressing renal disease at the time of randomization.
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT03036124 · read 2026-08-27
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness of dapagliflozin for glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus have not been established in pediatric patients less than 10 years of age.”
US prescribing information · 08baca21-e39e-4e61-961f-d89432fe8007 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “No dapagliflozin dosage change is recommended based on age.”
US prescribing information · 08baca21-e39e-4e61-961f-d89432fe8007 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Based on animal data showing adverse renal effects, dapagliflozin tablets are not recommended during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.”
US prescribing information · 08baca21-e39e-4e61-961f-d89432fe8007 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of dapagliflozin in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · 08baca21-e39e-4e61-961f-d89432fe8007 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “No dose adjustment is recommended for patients with mild, moderate, or severe hepatic impairment.”
US prescribing information · 08baca21-e39e-4e61-961f-d89432fe8007 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “Dapagliflozin tablets was evaluated in two glycemic control adult trials that included patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with moderate renal impairment (an eGFR of 45 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 [see Clinical Studies ( 14.1 )] , and an eGFR of 30 to less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m 2 , respectively) .”
US prescribing information · 08baca21-e39e-4e61-961f-d89432fe8007 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
DECLARE-TIMI 58 missed the major adverse cardiovascular event co-primary endpoint in 17,160 patients
DAPA-MI could not accumulate enough hard events to test its original endpoint and switched analysis method mid-trial
Cardiovascular death alone was not significantly reduced in DECLARE-TIMI 58 or in DELIVER
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf.
On this record: This record is linked to 1 related forms. Evidence does not carry across all of them.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (9)
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral tablet, and fixed combinations with metformin and with saxagliptin
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Once daily, with or without food. Cleared by glucuronidation rather than by cytochrome P450, giving a short interaction list. Its glucose-lowering effect depends on filtered glucose load and diminishes as kidney function falls, while its heart failure and renal benefits were demonstrated down to an eGFR of 25.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
·Worth asking a clinician aboutWritten into the record from the studies named on this page
Genital mycotic infection is the commonest adverse effect and the commonest reason for discontinuation. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in 0.3% against 0.1% on placebo in DECLARE-TIMI 58 and can present with normal blood glucose. Fournier gangrene is a rare labelled warning. Volume depletion and hypotension occur, particularly alongside loop diuretics. An expected initial dip in eGFR occurs on starting and reflects the intended haemodynamic change rather than injury.
Nobody counted how many people took this and were fine, so this cannot be turned into a rate.
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 3848 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral tablet, and fixed combinations with metformin and with saxagliptin
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Cleared by glucuronidation rather than by cytochrome P450, giving a short interaction list. Its glucose-lowering effect depends on filtered glucose load and diminishes as kidney function falls, while its heart failure and renal benefits were demonstrated down to an eGFR of 25.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on which forms are sold and how they compare.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
80 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 53 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72205-435 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as liquid, powder, tablet, tablet, extended release, tablet, film coated and tablet, film coated, extended release, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72205-435 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor [epc] and sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72205-435 · read 2026-08-29
35 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 27 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 08baca21-e39e-4e61-961f-d89432fe8007 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 08baca21-e39e-4e61-961f-d89432fe8007 · read 2026-08-29
FARXIGA is film-coated tablets at Tablets: 5 mg and 10 mg, recorded as prescription product; fda label in effect 2026-07-10 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 01f90c94-71cb-4a1f-81ff-8004b850529b · read 2026-08-27
Recorded price in US: 0.18453–0.20494 USD per one unit as the pricing file counts it — a tablet, capsule, patch or single item, across 40 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
Evidence on this page does not automatically apply to this one.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Claims that go past the evidence
Things said about this substance that sound reasonable, and the exact step that is missing between the evidence and the claim.
✗Goes past the evidence
That SGLT2 inhibition prevents heart attacks and strokes — DECLARE-TIMI 58 tested exactly that and gave p=0.17
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That dapagliflozin improves outcomes after myocardial infarction — DAPA-MI won on a mid-trial redefined composite driven by weight and new diabetes diagnoses, while cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalisation were 2.5% against 2.6%
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That the drug reduces mortality generally — it did in DAPA-HF and DAPA-CKD, and did not in DECLARE-TIMI 58 or on cardiovascular death in DELIVER
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That dapagliflozin and empagliflozin are interchangeable on outcomes — no head-to-head trial has been run
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Every line above can be traced to the study named beside it. Follow the link and read it.
DECLARE-TIMI 58: the atherosclerotic endpoint missed and the heart failure one hit
In plain words
In more than seventeen thousand people with type 2 diabetes, the drug did not reduce heart attacks, strokes or cardiovascular deaths. It did reduce hospitalisation for heart failure, and it slowed kidney decline.
What was measured
Major adverse cardiovascular events and the composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalisation over a median 4.2 years
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
DECLARE-TIMI 58 evaluated 17,160 patients with type 2 diabetes who had or were at risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, including 10,186 without established atherosclerotic disease, over a median 4.2 years. Dapagliflozin met the prespecified non-inferiority criterion for the major adverse cardiovascular event safety outcome. On the two primary efficacy analyses, it did not reduce MACE (8.8% against 9.4%; hazard ratio 0.93, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.03, p=0.17) but did reduce cardiovascular death or hospitalisation for heart failure (4.9% against 5.8%; hazard ratio 0.83, 0.73 to 0.95, p=0.005). That composite reflected hospitalisation for heart failure (hazard ratio 0.73, 0.61 to 0.88); cardiovascular death alone showed no difference (0.98, 0.82 to 1.17). A renal event occurred in 4.3% against 5.6% (0.76, 0.67 to 0.87). Death from any cause was 6.2% against 6.6% (0.93, 0.82 to 1.04) — not a demonstrated difference.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
DAPA-HF: fewer deaths in heart failure, with or without diabetes
In plain words
Nearly five thousand people with a weakened heart, over half of them without diabetes, were randomised. Worsening heart failure and cardiovascular death fell by a quarter, and deaths from any cause fell too.
What was measured
Worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death, and death from any cause, over a median 18.2 months
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
DAPA-HF randomised 4,744 patients with NYHA class II-IV heart failure and ejection fraction of 40% or less to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo on top of recommended therapy. Over a median 18.2 months the primary composite of worsening heart failure — hospitalisation or an urgent visit requiring intravenous therapy — or cardiovascular death occurred in 386 of 2,373 (16.3%) against 502 of 2,371 (21.2%): hazard ratio 0.74 (95% CI 0.65 to 0.85), p<0.001. First worsening heart failure event 10.0% against 13.7% (0.70, 0.59 to 0.83). Cardiovascular death 9.6% against 11.5% (0.82, 0.69 to 0.98). Death from any cause 11.6% against 13.9% (0.83, 0.71 to 0.97). Findings in patients with diabetes were similar to those without. Adverse events relating to volume depletion, renal dysfunction and hypoglycaemia did not differ between groups.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
DAPA-CKD: stopped early for efficacy, with a number needed to treat of 19
In plain words
A trial in chronic kidney disease was halted early by its monitoring committee because the benefit was so clear. Nineteen people needed treating over about two and a half years to prevent one kidney or cardiovascular event.
What was measured
Sustained 50% eGFR decline, end-stage kidney disease, or renal or cardiovascular death, and all-cause mortality, over a median 2.4 years
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
DAPA-CKD randomised 4,304 participants with eGFR 25 to 75 mL/min/1.73 m2 and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio 200 to 5,000 mg/g to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or placebo. The independent data monitoring committee recommended stopping for efficacy. Over a median 2.4 years the primary composite of sustained eGFR decline of at least 50%, end-stage kidney disease, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes occurred in 197 of 2,152 (9.2%) against 312 of 2,152 (14.5%): hazard ratio 0.61 (95% CI 0.51 to 0.72), p<0.001, number needed to treat 19 (15 to 27). The pure kidney composite gave 0.56 (0.45 to 0.68, p<0.001) and the cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalisation composite 0.71 (0.55 to 0.92, p=0.009). Death from any cause occurred in 101 (4.7%) against 146 (6.8%): hazard ratio 0.69 (0.53 to 0.88), p=0.004. Effects were similar with and without type 2 diabetes.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
DELIVER: benefit above an ejection fraction of 40%, without a mortality difference
In plain words
In six thousand people with heart failure and a normal or near-normal pumping fraction, the combined endpoint fell. Cardiovascular deaths alone did not significantly differ.
What was measured
Worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death over a median 2.3 years, ejection fraction above 40%
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
DELIVER randomised 6,263 patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction above 40% to dapagliflozin 10 mg daily or matching placebo on top of usual therapy. Over a median 2.3 years the primary composite of worsening heart failure — unplanned hospitalisation or an urgent visit — or cardiovascular death occurred in 512 of 3,131 (16.4%) against 610 of 3,132 (19.5%): hazard ratio 0.82 (95% CI 0.73 to 0.92), p<0.001. Worsening heart failure occurred in 11.8% against 14.5% (0.79, 0.69 to 0.91). Cardiovascular death occurred in 7.4% against 8.3%: hazard ratio 0.88 (0.74 to 1.05) — an interval that includes no effect. Results were similar in those with ejection fraction of 60% or more and below 60%, and in those with and without diabetes. Adverse event incidence was similar between groups.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
DAPA-MI changed its primary endpoint mid-trial, and the change decided the result
In plain words
A trial after heart attack could not accumulate enough hard events, so during the trial the analysis was switched to a scoring method that also counts weight loss and new diabetes diagnoses. On that measure it won; on death and heart failure hospitalisation it did not move.
What was measured
Hierarchical win-ratio composite, and separately the composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalisation
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
DAPA-MI was a registry-based randomised double-blind trial in patients without prior diabetes or chronic heart failure presenting with acute myocardial infarction and impaired left ventricular systolic function; 2,019 received dapagliflozin and 1,998 placebo. The primary outcome was a hierarchical composite analysed by win ratio comprising death, heart failure hospitalisation, non-fatal infarction, atrial fibrillation or flutter, new type 2 diabetes, NYHA class at last visit and a body-weight decrease of 5% or more. The win ratio was 1.34 (95% CI 1.20 to 1.50), p<0.001. The paper states directly that this outcome was adopted in a change of analysis during trial performance because of low event accrual, and that the result was mainly driven by the added cardiometabolic outcomes. The conventional composite of cardiovascular death or heart failure hospitalisation occurred in 50 of 2,019 (2.5%) against 52 of 1,998 (2.6%): hazard ratio 0.95 (0.64 to 1.40). Other cardiovascular event differences did not reach nominal significance.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
The harms are small, specific and randomised
In plain words
Across seventeen thousand patients the two things that happened more often on dapagliflozin were ketoacidosis and genital infections severe enough to stop the drug. Both were uncommon and both were clearly attributable.
What was measured
Rates of diabetic ketoacidosis and of serious or discontinuation-causing genital infection in 17,160 randomised patients
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
In DECLARE-TIMI 58, diabetic ketoacidosis occurred in 0.3% on dapagliflozin against 0.1% on placebo (p=0.02), and genital infections that led to discontinuation of the regimen or were considered serious adverse events occurred in 0.9% against 0.1% (p<0.001). In DAPA-HF, adverse events relating to volume depletion, renal dysfunction and hypoglycaemia did not differ between groups, and in DELIVER overall adverse event incidence was similar. The pattern across trials is consistent: the class carries two mechanism-specific risks of low absolute frequency, and does not carry the general tolerability burden that its diuretic and renin-angiotensin comparators do.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
A mortality benefit exists in two trials and not in the other two
In plain words
The class is often described as reducing deaths. For this drug, deaths fell significantly in the heart failure trial and the kidney trial, and did not in the diabetes trial or the preserved-ejection-fraction trial.
What was measured
That dapagliflozin reduces all-cause mortality generally — it did so in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction and in chronic kidney disease, and not in the other two large trials
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
All-cause mortality by trial: DAPA-HF 11.6% against 13.9%, hazard ratio 0.83 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.97) — significant. DAPA-CKD 4.7% against 6.8%, hazard ratio 0.69 (0.53 to 0.88), p=0.004 — significant. DECLARE-TIMI 58 6.2% against 6.6%, hazard ratio 0.93 (0.82 to 1.04) — not significant. DELIVER did not show a significant difference in cardiovascular death (hazard ratio 0.88, 0.74 to 1.05). The populations differ in baseline risk and follow-up duration, which is a sufficient explanation and not a demonstrated one. A summary that says "dapagliflozin reduces mortality" without naming the population is reporting two trials and omitting two.
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What is not here
4 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
The older medicine-wide conclusion held in this record
Written for a clinical reader, and about the medicine as a whole rather than about one indication, population and set of trials. RNAWiki does not treat it as a programme conclusion and no reviewer has signed it off in that form. It is here word for word because it is what the record holds.
An SGLT2 inhibitor that missed the major-adverse-cardiovascular-event endpoint in 17,160 patients with type 2 diabetes (8.8% against 9.4%, p=0.17) and then reduced all-cause death in 4,744 heart failure patients and 4,304 chronic kidney disease patients, most of the latter without diabetes at all — a pattern that says the drug is not an anti-atherosclerotic and is something else.
Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q1
What did DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL's largest trial (781430 people) and its longest (13 years) measure?
781430 people in DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL's largest registered study, 13 years in its longest registered window, measuring Incidence Rate of the Composite of All-cause Mortality (ACM) or Hospitalization for Heart Failure (HF). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
108 phase4, 96 phase3, 59 phase2, 42 phase1, 17 na or unstated, 11 na, 3 early phase1; NCT02969798; 2027-07. Last human test completed 2026, NCT06405178.
Interpretation These counts include studies where DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase4
108
phase3
96
phase2
59
phase1
42
na or unstated
17
na
11
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
3
Last recorded human testNCT06405178
2026-04-01
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL was tested only in human — what did it show?
"FSI delayed until 15 January 2013"; 23 of 323 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01257412
suspended; "FSI delayed until 15 January 2013"
NCT01944618
terminated; "Participant Data obtained to 30Sep2015: Baseline data: 447 6 month data: 253 Program terminated: recruitment target not met. No analysis will be provided."
NCT02520518
terminated; "Designed a new modified/simplified protocol see NCT 03180489"
NCT02608905
terminated; "Due to difficulty with enrollment of subjects"
NCT02811484
withdrawn; "Inability to enroll due to the widespread use of both classes of drugs in patients with T2DM, including those on concomitant insulin therapy."
NCT02887677
terminated; "On February 2019 Astra-Zeneca Greece decided to stop the financial support of the study."
14 further recorded trials
NCT03152084
terminated; "Poor recruitment."
NCT03344341
terminated; "Study overall progress behind of scheduled timeline. Study was terminated early due to company decision."
NCT03419624
terminated; "Delay in patient enrolment"
NCT03423355
withdrawn; "change in sponsor"
NCT03537131
terminated; "Temporary halt due to COVID-19 pandemic"
NCT03608358
terminated; "Sponsor decided to stop commercialization of QTERNMet/Qtrilmet and to stop all related ongoing activities/studies for business reasons."
NCT03660683
terminated; "Sponsor did not want to continue funding the study"
NCT03766750
withdrawn; "Sponsor decision"
NCT04234867
terminated; "slow recruitment"
NCT04330079
terminated; "Slow enrollment. (Difficulty in selecting subjects)"
NCT04492722
terminated; "The Sponsor decided to terminate the study early due to lack of efficacy. There were no safety concerns related to the study."
NCT04640493
withdrawn; "Lack of enrollment"
NCT04764097
withdrawn; "Lack of funding and similar competing study being conducted in Europe."
NCT04782245
withdrawn; "New recommandations"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL used Dapagliflozin 10 mg — over how long?
20 recorded entries; human; tablet; also "Dapagliflozin 5 mg", "Farxiga 10 mg", "Dapagliflozin 10mg"
Show the evidence
human
NCT01730534
Dapagliflozin 10 mg
NCT02157298
Dapagliflozin 5 mg
NCT02338193
Farxiga 10 mg
NCT02582814
Dapagliflozin 10mg
NCT02777073
Dapagliflozin 10mg Tab
NCT02946632
dapagliflozin 10mg
14 more recorded rows
humanNCT03138356
tablet; 5 mg Forxiga® (dapagliflozin) tablet
humanNCT03190694
Placebo Matching Dapagliflozin 10mg
humanNCT03387683
Forxiga 10mg
humanNCT03398577
Dapagliflozin 10 MG [Farxiga]
humanNCT03608358
Dapagliflozin 10 mg placebo to match
humanNCT03887416
Dapagliflozin 10 MG Oral Tablet [Farxiga]
humanNCT03970044
Farxiga 10 MG
humanNCT03982381
Dapagliflozin 10 MG
humanNCT04004793
Dapagliflozin 10 MG Oral Tablet
humanNCT04255238
Forxiga tab 10mg
humanNCT04333823
FORXIGA 5mg
humanNCT04806633
Dapagliflozin 5mg
humanNCT04880993
Farxiga® 10 mg tablets
humanNCT05179668
Forxiga 10 MG
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Could one person measure DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL's effect on hba1c compared to placebo?
Hba1c compared to placebo: measured in DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL's trials.
hba1c compared to placebo is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
hba1c compared to placebo; 2026-09-01
aes vital signs physical exam; 2026-09-01
ecgs; 2026-09-01
clinical labs; 2026-09-01
urine safety markers; 2026-09-01
blood and urine pk samples; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
iohexol pk blood urine samples for gfr assessment; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
adjusted mean change in hba1c levels; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
electronic measures of heart beats; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
urinary glucose excretion dynamics; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
adjusted mean change in total body weight; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
oral bioavailability; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
calculation of derivation of pharmacokinetic variables; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
adjusted mean change from baseline in hemoglobin at week 12; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
adverse events; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
serious adverse events; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
at least one episode of hypoglycemia; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hematocrit; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
alanine aminotransferase; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
74
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
0; NCT02719132; PHASE4; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q6
Which of 7 glucose monitoring at day 7, adjusted mean change from baseline in hba1c levels and adjusted mean change from baseline in hemoglobin at week 12 did DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL's trials measure?
7 glucose monitoring at day 7, adjusted mean change from baseline in hba1c levels and adjusted mean change from baseline in hemoglobin at week 12 lead 40 outcome terms across DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
clinical labs, urine safety markers, blood and urine pk samples, iohexol pk blood urine samples for gfr assessment, adjusted mean change in hba1c levels and electronic measures of heart beats follow.
Show the evidence
hba1c compared to placebo
1
aes vital signs physical exam
1
ecgs
1
clinical labs
1
urine safety markers
1
blood and urine pk samples
1
14 more recorded rows
iohexol pk blood urine samples for gfr assessment
1
adjusted mean change in hba1c levels
1
electronic measures of heart beats
1
urinary glucose excretion dynamics
1
adjusted mean change in total body weight
1
oral bioavailability
1
calculation of derivation of pharmacokinetic variables
1
adjusted mean change from baseline in hemoglobin at week 12
1
glycosylated haemoglobin a1c
1
adverse events
1
serious adverse events
1
at least one episode of hypoglycemia
1
hematocrit
1
alanine aminotransferase
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL's 35 ongoing trials reports first?
Determination of the variability of HbA1c (by measurement of standard deviation of HbA1c) between the 2 diabetes treatment thresholds; Beta cell function; latest 2029-10-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02879409
"HbA1c Variability in Type II Diabetes"; n 150; "Determination of the variability of HbA1c (by measurement of standard deviation of HbA1c) between the 2 diabetes treatment thresholds"; 2026-10-01
NCT02969798
"Pre-diabetes in Subject With Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT)"; n 700; "Beta cell function"; 2027-07
NCT03762850
"A Study of the Effect and Safety of Sparsentan in the Treatment of Patients With IgA Nephropathy"; n 406; "Percent Change From Baseline in the Urine Protein/Creatinine (UP/C) at Week 36"; 2026-07
NCT03899402
"Triple Therapy in T1DM"; n 78; "Change in HbA1c following dapagliflozin"; 2026-06-30
NCT04278404
"Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care (POPS)"; n 5000; "Clearance (CL) or apparent oral clearance (CL/F) as measured by PK sampling"; 2026-12
NCT04333823
"Adolescent Type 1 Diabetes Treatment With SGLT2i for hyperglycEMia & hyPerfilTration Trial"; n 100; "Measured Glomerular Filtration Rate (mGFR)"; 2024-05
14 further recorded trials
NCT04451837
"Semaglutide and Dapagliflozin in Diabetic Patients With Different Pathophysiology"; n 200; "Hba1c"; 2026-12-31
NCT04662723
"Multicentre Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Personalized Therapy on Patients With Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy."; n 878; "-Proteinuria reduction within 6 months in IgAN patients with active renal lesions"; 2028-12-31
NCT05220917
"Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study"; n 781430; "MACE"; 2027-09-30
NCT05321706
"DAPAgliflozin for Renal Protection in Heart Transplant Recipients"; n 430; "The chronic slope of the eGFR"; 2028-11-30
NCT05374291
"The RENAL LIFECYCLE Trial: A RCT to Assess the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Severe CKD"; n 1750; "Number of partipants with all-cause mortality, kidney failure, and hospitalization for heart failure"; 2027-07
NCT05590143
"proMoting Effective Renoprotection in Cardiac sURgery Patients by Inhibition of SGLT-2"; n 784; "AKI"; 2025-09
NCT05764057
"DAPAgliflozine to Attenuate Cardiac RemOdeling afTEr aCuTe myOcardial Infarction"; n 450; "Change in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from baseline to Month 6 (±1 month) by TTE"; 2026-10-12
NCT05852704
"SGLT2 Inhibitor TrEatment iN Patients Awaiting cOronary arTery bYpass Surgery to Reduce Post-opErative AF"; n 800; "Incidence of new onset post-operative atrial fibrillation of at least 30 seconds"; 2028-12-04
NCT05938712
"The Efficacy, Mechanism & Safety of Sodium Glucose Co-Transporter-2 Inhibitor & Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonist Combination Therapy in Kidney Transplant Recipients"; n 20; "Proximal tubular natriuresis with combination therapy"; 2028-03-01
NCT06000462
"The Effect of Dapagliflozin on Weight Loss in Obese Adults Without Diabetes"; n 150; "Difference in inter-arms percent of subjects achieving ≥5% reduction in baseline weight"; 2025-12-30
NCT06155604
"SGLT2 Inhibitor in Lupus Nephritis Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease"; n 150; "eGFR reduction"; 2026-12-31
NCT06304857
"CardioPROTECTion with Dapagliflozin in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with AnthrAcycline - PROTECTAA TRIAL"; n 188; "Primary efficacy composite endpoint (cancer therapeutics related cardiac dysfunction) at 12 months."; 2027-12-31
NCT06317051
"Optimising Metabolic Management for People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) on Integrase Based Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)"; n 300; "To assess the impact of dapagliflozin vs. placebo on weight reduction"; 2027-12
NCT06434025
"IV Iron and SGLT2 Inhibitor on Ventricular Function and Myocardial Iron Content in Heart Failure With Iron Deficiency"; n 99; "left ventricular function assessed (LVEF) by CMR."; 2026-11-24
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which running trial of DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL could settle lifespan?
NCT05374291 measures Number of partipants with all-cause mortality, kidney failure, and hospitalization for heart failure, reading out 2027-07.
1 open trial; n 1750; "The RENAL LIFECYCLE Trial: A RCT to Assess the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Severe CKD"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT05374291
"The RENAL LIFECYCLE Trial: A RCT to Assess the Effect of Dapagliflozin on Renal and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Severe CKD"; n 1750; "Number of partipants with all-cause mortality, kidney failure, and hospitalization for heart failure"; 2027-07
Q9
Which 95 trials of DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL posted no result?
Posted no result
95 of 95 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00162305, NCT00263276, NCT00546741, NCT00688493, NCT00538174 and NCT00562250, and 89 more
Completion dates
oldest 2005-08; newest 2024-09-02
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00162305
2005-08
NCT00263276
2007-02
NCT00546741
2008-02
NCT00688493
2008-04
NCT00538174
2008-05
NCT00562250
2008-08
14 further recorded trials
NCT00554450
2008-10
NCT00839683
2009-03
NCT00842556
2009-05
NCT00904176
2009-08
NCT00908271
2009-08
NCT00930865
2009-09
NCT01002807
2010-01
NCT01055652
2010-04
NCT01055691
2010-04
NCT01072578
2010-04
NCT01135446
2010-06
NCT01156246
2010-08
NCT01165268
2010-12
NCT01877889
2014-03
Q10
At the median, DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL's trials enrolled 94 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
94
Largest enrolment
781430
Registered trials counted
323
Q11
What do 3848 spontaneous reports say about DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 3848 reaction mentions were counted: diabetic ketoacidosis 1452; ketoacidosis 456; euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis 284; acute kidney injury 275. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL2103802 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
diabetic ketoacidosis
1452
ketoacidosis
456
euglycaemic diabetic ketoacidosis
284
acute kidney injury
275
weight decreased
272
urinary tract infection
262
4 more recorded rows
dehydration
241
fungal infection
237
blood glucose increased
204
metabolic acidosis
165
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL and OAT3, P-GP and OAT1: shared by which compounds?
OAT3, P-GP and OAT1 appear in DAPAGLIFLOZIN PROPANEDIOL's recorded interaction sentences, 1 in all. openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
Interpretation pharmacokinetics
Show the evidence
CYP1A2pharmacokinetics
Drug Interactions In Vitro Assessment of Drug Interactions In in vitro studies, dapagliflozin and dapagliflozin 3-O-glucuronide neither inhibited CYP 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, or 3A4, nor induced CYP 1A2, 2B6, or 3A4.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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