This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Cortisone does in the body
When oral therapy is not feasible: 1.
From the FDA-approved label: Naturally occurring glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisone), which also have salt-retaining properties, are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states. They are also used for their potent anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems. Glucocorticoids cause profound and varied metabolic effects. In addition, they modify the body’s immune responses to diverse stimuli.
Why people take it. When oral therapy is not feasible: 1.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · V27W9254FZ · read 2026-08-29
Its recorded molecular formula is C23H30O6, weighing 402.48.
US prescribing information · cc158d11-f356-4696-8b73-5d2681dcbcf2 · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 82 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 30 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer4 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Body weight
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Pain
decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection; pain visual analogic scale; foot pain; general pain levels
Body weight
body weight
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
4 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
1 registered test measure.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Disease free survival (DFS) in randomization eligible patients with higher risk features (SR-High) or standard risk average (SR-Avg) B-ALL patients based on randomization with addition of blinatumomab
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03914625
How many people
6720
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Post-induction 5-year event-free survival (EFS)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03959085
How many people
5951
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
DFS of Non-DS HR Post-induction Patients Receiving Intrathecal (IT) Methotrexate (MTX) Compared With Patients Receiving Intrathecal Triple Therapy (ITT) on a Modified Berlin-Frankfurt-Munster (MBFM) Interim Maintenance High-dose Methotrexate Backbone
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02883049
How many people
5949
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Comparison of the Increase in Cure Rate of High Risk ALL Without Causing More Serious Side Effects Between Interventions
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00075725
How many people
3154
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Disease-free Survival (DFS) for Randomized Nelarabine T-ALL Cohort (Arm I vs. Arm II vs. Arm III vs. Arm IV)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00408005
How many people
1895
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Progression-free survival (PFS) in rapid early responder (RER) patients
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05675410
How many people
1875
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 4 written-up studies measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.4 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection
pain visual analogic scale
foot pain
general pain levels
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
body weight
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (25)
maximum tolerated dose of ezn 3042
androgen levels
time of resolution
self reported improvement
total copd exacerbation rate
specific function from baseline to 6 weeks will be accessed
duration of qtc interval
western ontario osteoarthritis of the shoulder index
functional outcome
visual analog scale at visit 1
vas at visit 2
vas at visit 3
vas at visit 4
quickdash at visit 1
quickdash at visit 4
american shoulder and elbow surgeons index at visit 1
ases index at visit 4
radiographic size of calcium deposit at visit 1
radiographic size of calcium deposit at visit 4
visual analogue scale
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
When oral therapy is not feasible: 1. Endocrine Disorders Primary or secondary adrenocortical insufficiency (hydrocortisone or cortisone is the first choice; synthetic analogs may be used in conjunction with mineralocorticoids where applicable; in infancy mineralocorticoid supplementation is of particular importance). Congenital adrenal hyperplasia Nonsuppurative thyroiditis Hypercalcemia associated with cancer 2.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as tablet, injectable, liquid, spray, given by the oral, injection route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Cortisone appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 16344 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
68 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 6 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 43742-2058 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as liquid, pellet, powder, spray and tablet, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 43742-2058 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is corticosteroid hormone receptor agonists [moa] and corticosteroid [epc].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 43742-2058 · read 2026-08-29
66 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 4 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 68f7a30a-e372-6ee9-e053-2a91aa0a6ddf · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 68f7a30a-e372-6ee9-e053-2a91aa0a6ddf · read 2026-08-29
23 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as non-nutrient/non-botanical and other combinations.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Cortisone Acetate is oral at HOW SUPPLIED: Cortisone Acetate Tablets, USP 25 mg: white to off-white, round scored tablets, debossed with “C” bisect “E” on one side and “113” on the other side., recorded as fda label in effect 2025-06-06 in the United States.
US prescribing information · cc158d11-f356-4696-8b73-5d2681dcbcf2 · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Cortisone studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How much did people take in the studies?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. A result belongs to an amount. Without the amount the result floats free.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Cortisone are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
V27W9254FZ
CAS registry number
53-06-5
PubChem compound
222786
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1650
ChEBI
16962
WHO international nonproprietary name list entry
1368
RxNorm concept
2878
EMA substance identifier
100000084249
European Chemicals Agency number
200-162-4
DrugBank
DB14681
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✓ Passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Quoted from a stored source.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✗ Not passed
Safety mode resolved
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
20 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA007110, approved 19500613 to MERCK.
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What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (11)
Q1
What did Cortisone's largest trial (2262 people) and its longest (12 years) measure?
2262 people in Cortisone's largest registered study, 12 years in its longest registered window, measuring Decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
9 na, 5 phase3, 4 phase4, 3 phase1, 3 phase2, 2 na or unstated, 1 early phase1; NCT06260462; 2023-12-30; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2024, NCT05367271.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Cortisone was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
9
phase3
5
phase4
4
phase1
3
phase2
3
na or unstated
2
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
1
Last recorded human testNCT05367271
2024-09-13
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Cortisone shown lifespan?
Decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
mouse
lifespan
rat
lifespan
humanNCT00279903
mechanism-only; Decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection; 25
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
4 of Cortisone's trials stopped: accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?
accrual/recruitment (1), funding/business (1) and other (2): Cortisone's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Enzon Pharmaceuticals decided to end its development of EZN-3042."; 4 of 25 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01186328
terminated; "Enzon Pharmaceuticals decided to end its development of EZN-3042."
NCT03410355
terminated; "Health Canada no longer allowed use of BMAC"
NCT03722303
suspended; "lack of funding"
NCT04126278
terminated; "Enrollment difficulty."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Did Cortisone move epigenetic clock, and by how much?
epigenetic clock: "To help address these gaps, we explored associations between social adversity and biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and salivary cytokine hierarchical "clusters" based on the three interleukins), neuroendocrine function (cortisol, cortisone,…" Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2024-01-17
1 recorded sentence; 2024; biomarker
Show the evidence
epigenetic clockPMID 38233512
2024; "To help address these gaps, we explored associations between social adversity and biomarkers of inflammation (interleukin-1β [IL-1β], IL-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α], and salivary cytokine hierarchical "clusters" based on the three interleukins), neuroendocrine function (cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone, testosterone, and progesterone), neuromodulation…"
recorded 2024-01-17 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Could one person measure Cortisone's effect on decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection?
Decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection: measured in Cortisone's trials.
decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection; 2026-09-01
maximum tolerated dose of ezn 3042; 2026-09-01
pain visual analogic scale; 2026-09-01
androgen levels; 2026-09-01
time of resolution; 2026-09-01
self reported improvement; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
foot pain; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
total copd exacerbation rate; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
specific function from baseline to 6 weeks will be accessed; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
duration of qtc interval; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
western ontario osteoarthritis of the shoulder index; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
functional outcome; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
visual analog scale at visit 1; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
vas at visit 2; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
vas at visit 3; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
vas at visit 4; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
quickdash at visit 1; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
quickdash at visit 4; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
american shoulder and elbow surgeons index at visit 1; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
ases index at visit 4; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
8
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
4; NCT04126278; PHASE4; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; TERMINATED
Q6
Which of american shoulder and elbow surgeons index at visit 1, androgen levels and ases index at visit 4 did Cortisone's trials measure?
american shoulder and elbow surgeons index at visit 1, androgen levels and ases index at visit 4 lead 30 outcome terms across Cortisone's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
androgen levels, time of resolution, self reported improvement, foot pain, total copd exacerbation rate and specific function from baseline to 6 weeks will be accessed follow.
Show the evidence
decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection
1
maximum tolerated dose of ezn 3042
1
pain visual analogic scale
1
androgen levels
1
time of resolution
1
self reported improvement
1
14 more recorded rows
foot pain
1
total copd exacerbation rate
1
specific function from baseline to 6 weeks will be accessed
1
duration of qtc interval
1
western ontario osteoarthritis of the shoulder index
1
functional outcome
1
visual analog scale at visit 1
1
vas at visit 2
1
vas at visit 3
1
vas at visit 4
1
quickdash at visit 1
1
quickdash at visit 4
1
american shoulder and elbow surgeons index at visit 1
1
ases index at visit 4
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of Cortisone's 4 ongoing trials reports first?
Change from baseline in foot pain; Maximum tolerated dose (MTD); latest 2030-07-02
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02196155
"Botulinum Toxin A Versus Steroids for the Treatment of Chronic Plantar Fasciitis"; n 54; "Change from baseline in foot pain"; 2026-12
NCT05292664
"Venetoclax Basket Trial for High Risk Hematologic Malignancies"; n 30; "Maximum tolerated dose (MTD)"; 2030-07-02
NCT05408065
"Comparison of the Analgesic Effect of 2 Shoulder Infiltrations"; n 84; "Change in VAS score"; 2026-12
NCT05837286
"Conservative Treatment of Trigger Finger"; n 146; "Resolution of Trigger Finger Symptoms"; 2026-05-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which 12 trials of Cortisone posted no result?
Posted no result
12 of 12 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00279903, NCT01400022, NCT02091830, NCT02639039, NCT01843530 and NCT03082339, and 6 more
Completion dates
oldest 2008-08; newest 2024-02-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00279903
2008-08
NCT01400022
2013-02
NCT02091830
2014-07
NCT02639039
2015-07
NCT01843530
2019-09-30
NCT03082339
2020-04-25
6 further recorded trials
NCT03580148
2021-11-23
NCT04077190
2021-12-01
NCT06737445
2023-02-01
NCT06082271
2023-12-20
NCT06260462
2023-12-30
NCT05188820
2024-02-01
Q9
At the median, Cortisone's trials enrolled 50 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
50
Largest enrolment
2262
Registered trials counted
25
Q10
What do 16344 spontaneous reports say about Cortisone — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Cortisone appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 16344 reaction mentions were counted: pain 1911; alopecia 1766; abdominal discomfort 1755; fatigue 1702. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1650 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
pain
1911
alopecia
1766
abdominal discomfort
1755
fatigue
1702
systemic lupus erythematosus
1696
pemphigus
1693
4 more recorded rows
rheumatoid arthritis
1552
swelling
1487
glossodynia
1474
rash
1308
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q11
What is recorded about Cortisone and NAD+?
"11β-HSD2 is an NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent oxidase which lowers cortisol by converting it to cortisone while 11β-HSD1 mainly catalyzes the reduction which converts cortisone into cortisol." — where Cortisone and NAD+ appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2017-03-21
"11β-HSD2 is an NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent oxidase which lowers cortisol by converting it to cortisone while 11β-HSD1 mainly catalyzes the reduction which converts cortisone into cortisol."
PMID 21515335
"11β-HSD2 is an NAD+-dependent oxidase, converting cortisol to cortisone to lower active glucocorticoid level."
PMID 19500728
"Moreover, while, in each tissue, levels of cortisol oxidation were comparable in the presence of either NADP(+) or NAD(+), maximal rates of NAD(P)(+)-dependent cortisol oxidation were up to 33-fold greater than the V(max) for NADPH-dependent reduction of cortisone."
IGF-1PMID 17371460
"The growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor 1 (GH-IGF-1) axis plays an important role in modulating the peripheral metabolism of glucocorticoids mainly through its effect on the isoenzyme 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (11beta-HSD1) which, in vivo, functions as a reductase catalysing the conversion of cortisone to cortisol."
recorded 2017-03-21 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md
✗ required summary fields resolved: 5 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 9 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
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