This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Colestyramine does in the body
Elevated serum cholesterol
From the FDA-approved label: Cholesterol is probably the sole precursor of bile acids. During normal digestion, bile acids are secreted into the intestines. A major portion of the bile acids is absorbed from the intestinal tract and returned to the liver via the enterohepatic circulation. Only very small amounts of bile acids are found in normal serum. Cholestyramine resin adsorbs and combines with the bile acids in the intestine to form an insoluble complex which is excreted in the feces. This results in a partial removal of bile acids from the enterohepatic circulation by preventing their absorption.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as polymer.
FDA substance registry · 4B33BGI082 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 113 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 8 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Cholesterol
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved2 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Cholesterol
calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 8; cholesterol efflux capacity
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
2 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Annualized relapse rate (ARR) during the study period assessed by protocol defined adjudicated relapses
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06141473
How many people
1655
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in LDL-C from baseline to 330 days
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06501443
How many people
520
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Intention-to-treat diarrhoea remission rate defined by the Hjortswang criteria for colesevelam in patients with BAD defined by C4 > 46 ng/mL
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03876717
How many people
255
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
radiographic change (mean) of the spine after 2 years in the per-protocol population. Radiographs will be collected and centrally digitized. Scoring will be done by 2 readers who were blinded to treatment and sequence of the films
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00715091
How many people
180
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Drugs for High Blood Pressure and High Cholesterol in American Indians With Type 2 Diabetes
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00004266
How many people
160
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
DB Period: Percent Change From Baseline in Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) at Week 24: Intent-to-treat (ITT) Estimand
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03510884
How many people
153
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.2 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 8
cholesterol efflux capacity
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (6)
endothelial no production
vcam 1 expression
ros generation
progression to multiple myeloma
incidence of adverse events
dose limiting toxicities
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
) Cholestyramine for oral suspension, USP powder is indicated as adjunctive therapy to diet for the reduction of elevated serum cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia (elevated low density lipoprotein [LDL] cholesterol) who do not respond adequately to diet.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Although an optimal dosage schedule has not been established, standard texts (6,7) list a usual pediatric dose of 240 mg/kg/day of anhydrous cholestyramine resin in two to three divided doses, normally not to exceed 8 g/day with dose titration based on response and tolerance.”
US prescribing information · eb85a2c8-cdc3-48bb-844d-e220ae3701a0 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Category C There are no adequate and well controlled studies in pregnant women.”
US prescribing information · eb85a2c8-cdc3-48bb-844d-e220ae3701a0 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Caution should be exercised when cholestyramine resin is administered to a nursing mother.”
US prescribing information · eb85a2c8-cdc3-48bb-844d-e220ae3701a0 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as powder, tablet, bar, chewable, powder, for suspension, given by the oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Colestyramine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 244 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
49 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 49 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72162-1504 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as powder and powder, for suspension, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72162-1504 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is bile acid sequestrant [epc] and bile-acid binding activity [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72162-1504 · read 2026-08-29
33 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 33 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 5238dc45-a2b7-4208-b1a7-cc695b6cd1f0 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 5238dc45-a2b7-4208-b1a7-cc695b6cd1f0 · read 2026-08-29
6 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as other combinations and vitamin.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Cholestyramine Light is oral at HOW SUPPLIED Cholestyramine for oral suspension USP, light orange flavor is available in a carton of 60 single-dose 4.8 gram pouches and in a can containing 201.6 grams., recorded as fda label in effect 2025-04-17 in the United States.
US prescribing information · eb85a2c8-cdc3-48bb-844d-e220ae3701a0 · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Colestyramine studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Colestyramine are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
4B33BGI082
RxNorm concept
848943
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✓ Passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Written into the record, not signed off.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✗ Not passed
Safety mode resolved
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
28 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA016640, approved 19730803 to BRISTOL MYERS.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (11)
Q1
What did Colestyramine's largest trial (1655 people) and its longest (16 years) measure?
1655 people in Colestyramine's largest registered study, 16 years in its longest registered window, measuring Pharmacokinetic parameters of Teriflunomide determined from plasma concentration (Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUClast and AUC)). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
8 phase3, 6 phase1, 3 na, 3 phase2, 3 phase4; NCT00000488; 1989-10; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2023, NCT05894928.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Colestyramine was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
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phase3
8
phase1
6
na
3
phase2
3
phase4
3
Last recorded human testNCT05894928
2023-07-09
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Colestyramine shown biomarker?
Interpretation Pharmacokinetic parameters of Teriflunomide determined from plasma concentration (Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), Area under the plasma concentration… — the recorded outcome words.
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mouse
mechanism-only
rat
mechanism-only
humanNCT01239459
biomarker; Pharmacokinetic parameters of Teriflunomide determined from plasma concentration (Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUClast and AUC)); 23
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
Human studies of Colestyramine used Cholestyramine 8 g — over how long?
Could one person measure Colestyramine's effect on calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 8?
Calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 8: measured in Colestyramine's trials.
calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 8 is the recorded endpoint.
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biomarkers
calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 8; 2026-09-01
cholesterol efflux capacity; 2026-09-01
endothelial no production; 2026-09-01
vcam 1 expression; 2026-09-01
ros generation; 2026-09-01
progression to multiple myeloma; 2026-09-01
2 more recorded rows
biomarkers
incidence of adverse events; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
dose limiting toxicities; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
9
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
7; NCT02249897; PHASE4; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; COMPLETED
Q5
Which of calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 8, cholesterol efflux capacity and dose limiting toxicities did Colestyramine's trials measure?
calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 8, cholesterol efflux capacity and dose limiting toxicities lead 8 outcome terms across Colestyramine's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
vcam 1 expression, ros generation, progression to multiple myeloma, incidence of adverse events and dose limiting toxicities follow.
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calculated low density lipoprotein cholesterol at week 8
1
cholesterol efflux capacity
1
endothelial no production
1
vcam 1 expression
1
ros generation
1
progression to multiple myeloma
1
2 more recorded rows
incidence of adverse events
1
dose limiting toxicities
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Which of Colestyramine's 5 ongoing trials reports first?
Progression to multiple myeloma; Incidence of adverse events; latest 2027-05-06
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Trial
NCT05014646
"Leflunomide for the Treatment of High-Risk Smoldering Multiple Myeloma in African-American and European-American Patients"; n 27; "Progression to multiple myeloma"; 2027-01-16
NCT05443425
"Leflunomide in Combination With Steroids for the Treatment of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease After Donor Stem Cell Transplant for Hematologic Malignancies"; n 18; "Incidence of adverse events"; 2027-01-05
NCT05966727
"Exploratory Evaluation of the Effect of Cholestyramine on Serum Levels of POPs in Obese Female Patients"; n 20; "Measurement of serum persistent organic pollutants (POPs) concentrations by mass spectrometry."; 2026-06-19
NCT06141473
"Efficacy and Safety Studies of Frexalimab (SAR441344) in Adults With Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis"; n 1655; "Annualized relapse rate (ARR) during the study period assessed by protocol defined adjudicated relapses"; 2027-05-06
NCT06454383
"Gemcitabine and Leflunomide in Patients With Advanced Unresectable Pancreatic Cancer"; n 19; "Dose limiting toxicities (DLTs)"; 2026-11-13
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which 12 trials of Colestyramine posted no result?
Posted no result
12 of 12 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00000594, NCT00000488, NCT00000461, NCT00000463, NCT00677469 and NCT01239459, and 6 more
Completion dates
oldest 1976-11; newest 2023-07-09
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Trial
NCT00000594
1976-11
NCT00000488
1989-10
NCT00000461
1992-11
NCT00000463
1998-12
NCT00677469
2008-01
NCT01239459
2011-03
6 further recorded trials
NCT02963077
2014-05
NCT02046629
2014-07
NCT01863888
2015-01
NCT02942602
2016-05-23
NCT02249897
2017-12
NCT05894928
2023-07-09
Q8
At the median, Colestyramine's trials enrolled 42 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
42
Largest enrolment
1655
Registered trials counted
19
Q9
What do 244 spontaneous reports say about Colestyramine — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Colestyramine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 244 reaction mentions were counted: diarrhoea 62; drug hypersensitivity 26; abdominal pain 24; alanine aminotransferase increased 21. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1201625 · 2026-06-24
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diarrhoea
62
drug hypersensitivity
26
abdominal pain
24
alanine aminotransferase increased
21
aspartate aminotransferase increased
20
product residue present
20
4 more recorded rows
dehydration
19
throat irritation
18
blood alkaline phosphatase increased
17
premature baby
17
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Was Colestyramine studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Colestyramine's label sentences: "Patients with stable coronary disease were randomized to receive gemfibrozil, niacin, and cholestyramine in combination or matching placebos, on top of aggressive dietary and exercise modification for a 30-month period." openfda-label+europepmc · 2010-08-05
1 recorded statement; exercise
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exercise
Patients with stable coronary disease were randomized to receive gemfibrozil, niacin, and cholestyramine in combination or matching placebos, on top of aggressive dietary and exercise modification for a 30-month period.
recorded 2010-08-05 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q11
What is recorded about Colestyramine and autophagy?
"ABX or cholestyramine treatment exacerbated liver injury and ductular reaction, and decreased FGF15 expression, whereas modulating FGF15 signaling altered liver phenotypes in the autophagy-deficient mice." — where Colestyramine and autophagy appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2020-05-14
Interpretation autophagy
Show the evidence
autophagy
"ABX or cholestyramine treatment exacerbated liver injury and ductular reaction, and decreased FGF15 expression, whereas modulating FGF15 signaling altered liver phenotypes in the autophagy-deficient mice."
recorded 2020-05-14 · last checked 2026-09-04
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