This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Carbon Monoxide C-11 does in the body
RNAWiki has not recorded what this substance changes in the body.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
What the registries record it as
Its recorded molecular formula is CO, weighing 28.01.
PubChem record · 281 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No plain explanation of what this changes is stored.
No recorded use is stored in reader language.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 26 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Protein
A protein is a folded chain your body builds to do a specific job.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A protein is like a tool bent into one shape for one task.
Where that stops being true. A tool keeps its shape. A protein can change shape and stop working.
What people get wrong. Protein in food and a protein in the body are related but not the same thing.
A polymer of amino acids folded into a defined structure that determines its function.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
MACE Incidence
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06816238
How many people
87376
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Smokers' self-reported 7-day point prevalence quitting rate
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02494960
How many people
13671
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Adherence to tobacco use treatment guidelines and costs
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02564653
How many people
4733
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Birth weight
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02944682
How many people
3640
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The proportion of adult participants who engage in any evidence-based tobacco use treatments
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06582693
How many people
3200
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Self reported abstinence confirmed by an expired air carbon monoxide concentration of 10 parts per millions or less
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00125905
How many people
3012
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
□A number that stands in for healthNo evidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.No registered study measures this.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
cigarette craving
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (13)
headache scores
smoking cessation
smoking abstinence
ascs
caspase 1
interleukin 1 beta
reactive oxygen species
complete switching rate
abstinence from cigarettes
cigarettes smoked per day
differences in product appeal
withdrawal symptoms
days the study products are used
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
† for temporary relief of: physical fatigue mental and emotional fatigue nervous exhaustion sluggish mind poor concentration weariness confusion apathy irritability indifference body aches lack of focus eyes sensitive to light digestive symptoms caused by stress light-headed upon standing up † Claims based on traditional Homeopathic practice, not accepted medical evidence, not FDA evaluated.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as liquid, solution/ drops, given by the oral, sublingual route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
3 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. None of them contains it on its own, so nothing on this page can separate it from what it is combined with.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 57955-9994 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as liquid and solution/ drops, taken oral and sublingual.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 57955-9994 · read 2026-08-29
3 published labels name it as an active ingredient. None of them describes this substance alone, so no label text on this page can be attributed to it rather than to a combination.
US prescribing information · 2db4bdd8-1049-450a-8642-0e1dbbe5abb3 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug.
US prescribing information · 2db4bdd8-1049-450a-8642-0e1dbbe5abb3 · read 2026-08-29
725 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as amino acid/protein, non-nutrient/non-botanical and other combinations.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
7 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
What was measured, goal by goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q1
What did Carbon Monoxide C-11's largest trial (1000 people) and its longest (6.4 years) measure?
1000 people in Carbon Monoxide C-11's largest registered study, 6.4 years in its longest registered window, measuring In vitro nicotine toxicity measures: Senescence (Study 1). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
8 na, 3 phase1, 3 phase2; NCT01523548; 2018-12. Last human test completed 2026, NCT06038526.
These counts include studies where Carbon Monoxide C-11 was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
8
phase1
3
phase2
3
Last recorded human testNCT06038526
2026-05-26
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Carbon Monoxide C-11 shown lifespan?
"Lack of funding and subject acuity"; 1 of 13 registered studies
Show the evidence
TrialNCT01523548
withdrawn; "Lack of funding and subject acuity"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Did Carbon Monoxide C-11 move epigenetic age, and by how much?
epigenetic age: "This study investigated the association of prenatal and early childhood exposure to air pollution with epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) at six years of age using the Environment and Development of Children Cohort (EDC Cohort) MATERIALS & METHODS: Air pollution, including particulate matter [< 2.5 µm…" Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2024-08-02
1 recorded sentence; 2024; biomarker
Show the evidence
epigenetic agePMID 39096687
2024; "This study investigated the association of prenatal and early childhood exposure to air pollution with epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) at six years of age using the Environment and Development of Children Cohort (EDC Cohort) MATERIALS & METHODS: Air pollution, including particulate matter [< 2.5 µm (PM<sub>2.5</sub>) and < 10 µm (PM<sub>10</sub>) in an aerodynamic diameter], nitrogen dioxide…"
recorded 2024-08-02 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
More Carbon Monoxide C-11 was worse in human: at what point?
U-shaped in human: "In contrast, higher concentrations of carbon monoxide increase violent crimes in a U-shaped relation, that more rainfall linearly reduces violent crimes, and that sulphur dioxide has an inverted-U shaped relationship with violent crimes." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2024-09-01
3 recorded sentences naming Carbon Monoxide C-11; U-shaped, biphasic
Show the evidence
U-shapedPMID 36099858
"In contrast, higher concentrations of carbon monoxide increase violent crimes in a U-shaped relation, that more rainfall linearly reduces violent crimes, and that sulphur dioxide has an inverted-U shaped relationship with violent crimes."
biphasic
"Delayed post-hypoxic leukoencephalopathy (DPHL) is characterized by a biphasic clinical course, with complete recovery from coma to a fully conscious state lasting one to four weeks (lucid interval), followed by abrupt neurological deterioration as an indirect consequence of hypoxic events like carbon monoxide poisoning and narcotic drug overdose."
PMID 38921778
"Inhibition plots with the small ligand imidazole were biphasic, which is consistent with previous experiments with carbon monoxide as a probe that show that the active site of flavohemoglobins exists in two conformations."
recorded 2024-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Carbon Monoxide C-11's effect on headache scores?
Headache scores: measured in Carbon Monoxide C-11's trials.
Interpretation headache scores is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
headache scores; 2026-09-01
smoking cessation; 2026-09-01
smoking abstinence; 2026-09-01
ascs; 2026-09-01
caspase 1; 2026-09-01
interleukin 1 beta; 2026-09-01
8 more recorded rows
biomarkers
reactive oxygen species; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
complete switching rate; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
abstinence from cigarettes; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
cigarettes smoked per day; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
differences in product appeal; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
cigarette craving; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
withdrawal symptoms; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
days the study products are used; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
7
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
0; NCT01523548; PHASE1/PHASE2; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q7
Which of abstinence from cigarettes, ascs and caspase 1 did Carbon Monoxide C-11's trials measure?
abstinence from cigarettes, ascs and caspase 1 lead 14 outcome terms across Carbon Monoxide C-11's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
ascs, caspase 1, interleukin 1 beta, reactive oxygen species, complete switching rate and abstinence from cigarettes follow.
Show the evidence
headache scores
1
smoking cessation
1
smoking abstinence
1
ascs
1
caspase 1
1
interleukin 1 beta
1
8 more recorded rows
reactive oxygen species
1
complete switching rate
1
abstinence from cigarettes
1
cigarettes smoked per day
1
differences in product appeal
1
cigarette craving
1
withdrawal symptoms
1
days the study products are used
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Carbon Monoxide C-11's 4 ongoing trials reports first?
Moist snuff tobacco FBN content on product use; Nicotine pharmacokinetics: Maximum nicotine blood level (Cmax) (Study 1); latest 2028-12-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT06249984
"Effects of Tobacco Cut and Nicotine Form on the Abuse Liability of Moist Snuff"; n 80; "Moist snuff tobacco FBN content on product use"; 2028-01-31
NCT06448351
"Manipulating E-Cigarette Nicotine to Promote Public Health"; n 375; "Nicotine pharmacokinetics: Maximum nicotine blood level (Cmax) (Study 1)"; 2028-08-31
NCT06763536
"Oral Nicotine Pouches Versus Nicotine Replacement Therapy to Reduce Cigarette Use for Smokers in Rural Appalachia"; n 1000; "Biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence from cigarettes"; 2028-12-31
NCT07111234
"Studying Flavors and Cooling Agents in Oral Nicotine Pouches to Understand User Preferences"; n 30; "Appeal ratings"; 2026-12-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 6 trials of Carbon Monoxide C-11 posted no result?
Posted no result
6 of 6 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00122694, NCT00094406, NCT02066558, NCT03075020, NCT03385174 and NCT03067701
Completion dates
oldest 2006-03; newest 2019-03-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00122694
2006-03
NCT00094406
2010-03-11
NCT02066558
2014-12
NCT03075020
2017-12-20
NCT03385174
2018-03-12
NCT03067701
2019-03-01
Q10
At the median, Carbon Monoxide C-11's trials enrolled 30 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
30
Largest enrolment
1000
Registered trials counted
13
Q11
Was Carbon Monoxide C-11 studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Carbon Monoxide C-11's label sentences: "(Clinical Trial Registration IDs: NCT05552833 and NCT05583396)<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Using the combined measurement of the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, we found that the increase in diffusing capacity during submaximal exercise, that is, the alveolar-capillary reserve,…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2025-05-24
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
(Clinical Trial Registration IDs: NCT05552833 and NCT05583396)<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Using the combined measurement of the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, we found that the increase in diffusing capacity during submaximal exercise, that is, the alveolar-capillary reserve, was reduced in patients with COPD in a severity-dependent manner.
recorded 2025-05-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
What is recorded about Carbon Monoxide C-11 and AMPK?
"These findings suggest that network pharmacology is a useful tool for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research, SFN can effectively inhibit apoptosis, protect cortical neurons from the toxicity of carbon monoxide through activating the AMPK pathway and may become a potential therapeutic strategy for brain injury after ACOP." — where Carbon Monoxide C-11 and AMPK appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2025-03-01
"These findings suggest that network pharmacology is a useful tool for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research, SFN can effectively inhibit apoptosis, protect cortical neurons from the toxicity of carbon monoxide through activating the AMPK pathway and may become a potential therapeutic strategy for brain injury after ACOP."
autophagy
PMID 39912902
"Co-administration of the NO biosynthesis inhibitor, L-NAME, carbon monoxide(CO)-releasing molecule-A<sub>1</sub> (CORM-A<sub>1</sub>), the H<sub>2</sub>S donor, NaHS, or the autophagy stimulator, rapamycin (RAPA), enhanced all effects of metformin."
PMID 38084435
"Recognizing that smoking is associated with elevated circulating levels of carbon monoxide (CO), it is hypothesized that supplemental CO can amplify autophagy inhibition."
NAD+
"The findings from the defense-related enzyme tests showed that damage enhanced NAD/NADPH-dependent ROS production and endogenous carbon monoxide expression."
autophagyPMID 38636241
"Activation of HO-1 and its production of carbon monoxide (CO) were required for induction of autophagy and clearance of intracellular M. bovis."
mTORPMID 34583624
"We also highlight the key regulations of mammalian mitophagy by endogenous metabolites, shed new light on the bidirectional interplay between mitophagy and cellular metabolisms, with attempting to provide a perspective insight into the nutritional intervention of metabolic disorders with mitophagy deficit.<b>Abbreviations:</b> acetyl-CoA: acetyl-coenzyme A; ACO1: aconitase 1; ADCYs: adenylate…"
AMPKPMID 34583624
"We also highlight the key regulations of mammalian mitophagy by endogenous metabolites, shed new light on the bidirectional interplay between mitophagy and cellular metabolisms, with attempting to provide a perspective insight into the nutritional intervention of metabolic disorders with mitophagy deficit.<b>Abbreviations:</b> acetyl-CoA: acetyl-coenzyme A; ACO1: aconitase 1; ADCYs: adenylate…"
sirtuinPMID 34583624
"We also highlight the key regulations of mammalian mitophagy by endogenous metabolites, shed new light on the bidirectional interplay between mitophagy and cellular metabolisms, with attempting to provide a perspective insight into the nutritional intervention of metabolic disorders with mitophagy deficit.<b>Abbreviations:</b> acetyl-CoA: acetyl-coenzyme A; ACO1: aconitase 1; ADCYs: adenylate…"
NAD+
PMID 34583624
"We also highlight the key regulations of mammalian mitophagy by endogenous metabolites, shed new light on the bidirectional interplay between mitophagy and cellular metabolisms, with attempting to provide a perspective insight into the nutritional intervention of metabolic disorders with mitophagy deficit.<b>Abbreviations:</b> acetyl-CoA: acetyl-coenzyme A; ACO1: aconitase 1; ADCYs: adenylate…"
PMID 37237924
"Cytoprotective heme oxygenases derivatize heme to generate carbon monoxide, ferrous iron, and isomeric biliverdins, followed by rapid NAD(P)H-dependent biliverdin reduction to the antioxidant bilirubin."
recorded 2025-03-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
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