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Capsicum

  • Plant preparation
  • Prescription only
  • Identity checked
  • Sources last checked 2026-09-04

This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.

What Capsicum does in the body

Temporary relief of minor pain of muscles and joints associated with: arthritis, minor backache, strains, sprains and bruises

Why people take it. Temporary relief of minor pain of muscles and joints associated with: arthritis, minor backache, strains, sprains and bruises

What happened in people

RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.

A fixed RNAWiki sentence

Where this came from

Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.

No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.

No source is stored against this line.

The limit that matters most

Not recorded.

Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.

What the registries record it as

  • The substance registry classes this as structurallydiverse.

    FDA substance registry · 00UK7646FG · read 2026-08-29

  • It is recorded as coming from CAPSICUM ANNUUM VAR. ANNUUM HOT CULTIVAR GROUP WHOLE. The part recorded is fruit.

    FDA substance registry · 00UK7646FG · read 2026-08-29

  • The organism is Capsicum, a genus. It is also called peppers.

    NCBI Taxonomy · 4071 · read 2026-08-29

  • The supplement label database classes it as botanical, under the name Cayenne Pepper.

    NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · 29 · read 2026-08-29

Where each sentence above came from

The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.

The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.

No statement of the main limit is recorded.

The four opening statements run to 49 words.

Words this page uses

Four words worth knowing first

Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.

Stand-in result

A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.

A picture of it, and where the picture fails

It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.

Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.

What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.

A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.

Enzyme

An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.

A picture of it, and where the picture fails

An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.

Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.

What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.

A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.

Receptor

A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.

A picture of it, and where the picture fails

A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.

Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.

What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.

A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.

Pathway

A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.

A picture of it, and where the picture fails

A pathway is like a row of dominoes.

Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.

What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.

An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.

What happened in peopleRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What was measured, goal by goal

One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.

Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.

There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.

Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
GoalLife outcomeWhat a body can doHow a person feelsA test resultA step in the bodyHarmsHow longWho was studied
PainNothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.Waiting for a reviewer11 registered symptom measure.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
MoodNothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
EnergyNothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
StrengthNothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
EnduranceNothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.Waiting for a reviewer1 registered performance measure of this kind.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Pain
frequency of mouth pain; duration of mouth pain; severity of mouth pain; pain report during labor; pain relief from pain reduction using visual analog scale; pain on a visual analogue scale; average pain nprs scores; pain intensity rating
Mood
time to onset of 1mm st segment depression; maximal st depression
Energy
energy substrate use
Strength
iopi will be used to measure lingual strength and endurance
Endurance
iopi will be used to measure lingual strength and endurance

Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.

What each mark on this table means
Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
Waiting for a reviewer
11 registered symptom measure.
Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.

What happened in peopleRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What happened in people

Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.

Activation of trigeminoautonomic reflex as assessed by change in Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels from before stimulation to after stimulation.

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT03511846
How many people
371
Study design
Phase 1
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Oral

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

Number of acute otitis media episodes diagnosed by a physician

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT02345447
How many people
296
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Oral

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

Capsaicin to Control Pain Following Third Molar Extraction

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT00008476
How many people
162
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Oral

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

Pain inhibition

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT07080788
How many people
150
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Oral

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

Correlation between composition of the intestinal microbiota and its metabolites and the susceptibility of sensitization at the peripheral and central levels.

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT05494983
How many people
140
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Oral

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot

Resting Energy Expenditure

The study did not show it

Who was studied
NCT01773356
How many people
126
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated

What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.

The limits of this study, and where it came from

Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.

How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.

Form and route. Oral

Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary

Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.

  • openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
  • FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.

What happened in peopleRead from sources, not yet reviewed

How close this is to real life

The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.

  1. Living longer, or avoiding a major event No evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
  2. What a body can do day to day Evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.1 registered measure of this kind.
  3. Measured performance Evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.1 registered measure of this kind.
  4. Symptoms and quality of life Evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.12 registered measures of this kind.
  5. A number that stands in for health Evidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.2 registered measures of this kind.
  6. A step measured inside a person Evidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
  7. Animals Evidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in C. elegans (roundworm). A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
  8. Cells in a dish Evidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
  9. A guess from software No evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.

Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.

What it would be like to takeRead from sources, not yet reviewed

Felt, measured, or meaningful

Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.

Felt

Things a person could notice without a test.

  • frequency of mouth pain
  • duration of mouth pain
  • severity of mouth pain
  • pain report during labor
  • pain relief from pain reduction using visual analog scale
  • pain on a visual analogue scale
  • average pain nprs scores
  • total symptom
  • pain intensity rating
  • cold pain threshold

and 2 more.

Measured

Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.

  • iopi will be used to measure lingual strength and endurance
  • plasma calcitonin gene related peptide levels
  • inflammatory cytokines profile

Meaningful

Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.

No registered study measured anything of this kind.

A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.

Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.

Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.

Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.

Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.

Names that fit none of the three (25)
  • amplitude of the vasomotor response to stimuli
  • hyperalgesia
  • visual analogue scale
  • neuro immunological effect
  • time to onset of 1mm st segment depression
  • time to onset of angina or angina equivalent symptoms
  • maximal st depression
  • maximal estimated workload
  • severity of angina was measured
  • time to retreatment
  • lung volume initiation
  • negative mucosa potentials
  • maximum expiratory pressure
  • neuroimaging changes of salty gustatory cortices
  • performance
  • energy substrate use
  • rate of responders
  • peak expiratory flow rate
  • visual analogue scale for major nasal symptoms
  • incidence of adverse events

These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.

What is missing or unclearRead from sources, not yet reviewed

Were people like you studied?

RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.

Who was studied

People similar to this profile were included.

  • Directions adults and children 12 years of age and older: clean and dry affected area remove patch from film apply to affected area no more than 3 to 4 times daily do not wear patch for more than 8 hours children under 12 years of age: consult a doctor

Who is missing from the studies

  • Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.

Where the result stopped carrying

  • This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
  • It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.

RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.

What it would be like to takeRead from sources, not yet reviewed

Why it might seem to do nothing

A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.

It was studied for a different goal

The studies measured something else entirely.

On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.

It was studied in different people

The people in the studies were not much like the reader.

On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.

The evidence may simply be wrong

Small early studies often do not hold up.

On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.

Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.

None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.

What it would be like to takeRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What taking it involves

The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.

How it is supplied

Prescription only

Quoted from a source

Where this came from

Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.

Read from the recorded approval status.

No source is stored against this line.

Form and route

Oral

Source-linked record

Where this came from

A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.

The form and route recorded on this substance.

No source is stored against this line.

Who oversees it

Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.

Quoted from a source

Where this came from

Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.

The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.

No source is stored against this line.

What is in the pack

Sold as spray, pellet, tablet, liquid, given by the oral, topical, nasal route.

Source-linked record

Where this came from

A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.

Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.

No source is stored against this line.

Where it is registered

Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.

Counted from records

Where this came from

A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.

Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.

No source is stored against this line.

Why people stop

Not recorded.

Nothing recorded

Where this came from

RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.

No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.

No source is stored against this line.

What it would be like to takeNothing found in the sources checked

What can go wrong

Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.

Nothing found in the sources checked

No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.

The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.

Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.

Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.

What is missing or unclearRead from sources, not yet reviewed

Does the exact form matter?

Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.

The form that was studied

Oral

Source-linked record

Where this came from

A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.

The form used in the studies cited on this page.

No source is stored against this line.

What is sold

Not recorded.

Nothing recorded

Where this came from

RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.

Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.

No source is stored against this line.

What is recorded as being sold

  • 162 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 24 of them contain it and nothing else.

    FDA National Drug Code directory · 83014-0001 · read 2026-08-29

  • They are sold as gel, liquid, ointment, patch, pellet and powder, taken nasal, oral, percutaneous and sublingual.

    FDA National Drug Code directory · 83014-0001 · read 2026-08-29

  • The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is allergens [cs], cell-mediated immunity [pe] and dietary proteins [cs].

    FDA National Drug Code directory · 83014-0001 · read 2026-08-29

  • 153 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 16 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.

    US prescribing information · 77daea02-3c32-4ba3-a7a8-af79b13ddc06 · read 2026-08-29

  • Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.

    US prescribing information · 77daea02-3c32-4ba3-a7a8-af79b13ddc06 · read 2026-08-29

  • 1449 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as botanical and other combinations.

    NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · 22319 · read 2026-08-29

  • Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.

    NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · 22319 · read 2026-08-29

Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.

What it would be like to takeRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What you could measure

This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.

A single-person plan is offered only as a structure for observing yourself. It never calculates an amount to take, and it cannot prove cause.

Questions worth asking

  • Which of the trials of Capsicum studied people like me?
  • What was measured, and for how long?
  • Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
  • What would we watch for, and when would we stop?

Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.

RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.

What is missing or unclearRead from sources, not yet reviewed

What nobody knows yet

Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.

How fast does the body clear it?

The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.

Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.

What would answer it

A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

Missing populations

Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

Missing long-term data

No completed tested study window is recorded.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

No reviewed conclusion

RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

Missing interaction studies

No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

Formulation uncertainty

Several salts, forms or products of Capsicum are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

Mechanism not reviewed

No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.

Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.

What would answer it

A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.

Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.

What happened in peopleRead from sources, not yet reviewed

Check any of this yourself

Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.

Where else this substance is registered

FDA substance identifier (UNII)
00UK7646FG

Checks this page had to pass

  • Passed

    Identity resolved

    no open identity hold

  • Passed

    No unresolved merge across substance families

    no quarantine open

  • Passed

    Every public sentence names a source

    The opening statement carries the origin: Quoted from a stored source.

  • Not passed

    Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence

    No registered study is classified as testing this substance.

  • Passed

    No internal keys in reader text

    enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page

  • Passed

    Safety mode resolved

    The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.

  • Passed

    Canonical metadata present

    slug and display name present

What is missing or unclearRead from sources, not yet reviewed

How this medicine reached us

Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.

What the approval register records

  • The earliest marketing start date recorded for a listed product is 19830303.

    FDA National Drug Code directory · 83014-0001 · read 2026-08-29

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Recorded evidence blocks (12)

What did Capsicum's largest trial (854 people) and its longest (13 years) measure?


854 people in Capsicum's largest registered study, 13 years in its longest registered window, measuring C5 (Provocant concentration eliciting at least 5 coughs). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01

18 na, 16 phase2, 12 na or unstated, 11 phase1, 11 phase4, 9 phase3, 6 early phase1; NCT00001307; 2005-08. Last human test completed 2023, NCT06809569.

Interpretation These counts include studies where Capsicum was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.

Show the evidence
  • na
    18
  • phase2
    16
  • na or unstated
    12
  • phase1
    11
  • phase4
    11
  • phase3
    9
2 more recorded rows
  • early phase1
    6
  • Last recorded human test NCT06809569
    2023-12-15

recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04

From C. elegans to human: where has Capsicum shown lifespan?


C. elegans: lifespan and human: biomarker (76): the rungs where Capsicum has a recorded finding. Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov · organism ladder · 2026-09-01

C5 (Provocant concentration eliciting at least 5 coughs) — the recorded outcome words.

Yeast C. elegans lifespanDrosophila Mouse Rat Dog Non-human primate Human biomarker
Show the evidence
  • C. elegans
    lifespan
  • human NCT03638063
    biomarker; C5 (Provocant concentration eliciting at least 5 coughs); 76

recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04

10 of Capsicum's trials stopped: accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?


accrual/recruitment (1), funding/business (1) and other (8): Capsicum's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01

"the manufacturing of preservative free ketorolac (Acular-PF) was discontinued"; 10 of 76 registered studies

Show the evidence

Trial

  • NCT00693160
    terminated; "the manufacturing of preservative free ketorolac (Acular-PF) was discontinued"
  • NCT00697034
    terminated; "Lack of qualified and willing volunteers."
  • NCT00771511
    withdrawn; "Study never started"
  • NCT00795106
    withdrawn; "Difficulty finding a monitor"
  • NCT01231750
    terminated; "Unable to identify study population to achieve number expected"
  • NCT02138630
    withdrawn; "Project abandoned"
4 further recorded trials
  • NCT02139852
    withdrawn; "Project abandoned"
  • NCT02392273
    terminated; "Study unable to recruit"
  • NCT03330639
    withdrawn; "Grant funding for study was not obtained."
  • NCT03883880
    terminated; "COVID (completed first intervention type only)"

recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04

Human studies of Capsicum used Topical capsaicin, 0.1%, Capzasin HP — over how long?


Human studies of Capsicum used "Topical capsaicin, 0.1%, Capzasin HP". ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01

6 recorded entries; human; patch; also "capsaicin cream 0.1%, generic", "Qutenza (8% capsaicin)", "Capsaicin, USP 0.0375%"

Show the evidence

human

  • NCT00655811
    Topical capsaicin, 0.1%, Capzasin HP
  • NCT01231750
    capsaicin cream 0.1%, generic
  • NCT01260454
    Qutenza (8% capsaicin)
  • NCT02403687
    Capsaicin, USP 0.0375%
  • NCT05983263
    patch; Capsaicin 8% patch
  • NCT06612658
    A novel, proprietary encapsulated form of Capsicum extract in beadlet form standardized to 2% capsaicinoids

recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04

More Capsicum was worse in human: at what point?


Hormetic in human: "The results demonstrate that both SBA materials provided hormetic effects in a dose dependent manner on chili pepper production and protection to cold stress." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2022-03-04

4 recorded sentences naming Capsicum; hormetic, U-shaped

Show the evidence

hormetic

  • PMID 35287323
    "The results demonstrate that both SBA materials provided hormetic effects in a dose dependent manner on chili pepper production and protection to cold stress."
  • PMID 26617603
    "The dose-response relationship, characterized by opposite effects of low and high capsaicin doses, suggests a hormetic response."

U-shaped

  • "The utility model provides a combined type full-automatic capsicum petiole cutter, comprising a main and minor machine part, wherein, two sides of the minor machine are provided with the main machine with the same structure and efficacy the main machine part consists of a main machine frame as well as a material conveying and feeding part, a vibration platform, a U-shaped groove group, a…"
  • "When the utility model is operated, a capsicum slips into the U-shaped groove through the material conveying and feeding part to the vibration platform, and then turns back through the output at the tail end the petiole part enters into the clamping- conveying belt through the clearance of the comb-shaped barrier, and then conveyed to a blade by the clamping-conveying belt to realize automatic…"

recorded 2022-03-04 · last checked 2026-09-04

Could one person measure Capsicum's effect on frequency of mouth pain?


Frequency of mouth pain: measured in Capsicum's trials.

Interpretation frequency of mouth pain is the recorded endpoint.

Show the evidence

biomarkers

  • frequency of mouth pain; 2026-09-01
  • duration of mouth pain; 2026-09-01
  • severity of mouth pain; 2026-09-01
  • amplitude of the vasomotor response to stimuli; 2026-09-01
  • hyperalgesia; 2026-09-01
  • pain report during labor; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
  • biomarkers
    visual analogue scale; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    pain relief from pain reduction using visual analog scale; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    neuro immunological effect; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    time to onset of 1mm st segment depression; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    time to onset of angina or angina equivalent symptoms; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    maximal st depression; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    maximal estimated workload; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    severity of angina was measured; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    pain on a visual analogue scale; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    average pain nprs scores; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    time to retreatment; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    lung volume initiation; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    negative mucosa potentials; 2026-09-01
  • biomarkers
    maximum expiratory pressure; 2026-09-01
  • human trials at or under30
    34
  • Not recorded for this substance
    a recorded half-life
  • smallest human trial
    0; NCT00771511; PHASE4; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN

Which of activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract, amplitude of the vasomotor response to stimuli and average pain nprs scores did Capsicum's trials measure?


activation of the nucleus of the solitary tract, amplitude of the vasomotor response to stimuli and average pain nprs scores lead 40 outcome terms across Capsicum's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01

Interpretation amplitude of the vasomotor response to stimuli, hyperalgesia, pain report during labor, visual analogue scale, pain relief from pain reduction using visual analog scale and neuro immunological effect follow.

Show the evidence
  • frequency of mouth pain
    1
  • duration of mouth pain
    1
  • severity of mouth pain
    1
  • amplitude of the vasomotor response to stimuli
    1
  • hyperalgesia
    1
  • pain report during labor
    1
14 more recorded rows
  • visual analogue scale
    1
  • pain relief from pain reduction using visual analog scale
    1
  • neuro immunological effect
    1
  • time to onset of 1mm st segment depression
    1
  • time to onset of angina or angina equivalent symptoms
    1
  • maximal st depression
    1
  • maximal estimated workload
    1
  • severity of angina was measured
    1
  • pain on a visual analogue scale
    1
  • average pain nprs scores
    1
  • time to retreatment
    1
  • lung volume initiation
    1
  • negative mucosa potentials
    1
  • maximum expiratory pressure
    1

recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04

Which of Capsicum's 6 ongoing trials reports first?


6 registered trials of Capsicum are open; earliest completion 2025-05-30. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01

Activation of trigeminoautonomic reflex as assessed by change in Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels from before stimulation to after stimulation.; The primary objective is to demonstrate that capsaicin 179 mg patch once compared to duloxetine daily, improves painful CIPN after a 5-week treatment period.; latest 2028-05-31

Show the evidence

Trial

  • NCT03511846
    "Pain Biomarker Study"; n 371; "Activation of trigeminoautonomic reflex as assessed by change in Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels from before stimulation to after stimulation."; 2028-05-31
  • NCT05840562
    "Capsaicin 179 mg Patch Versus Oral Duloxetine in Patients With Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy"; n 274; "The primary objective is to demonstrate that capsaicin 179 mg patch once compared to duloxetine daily, improves painful CIPN after a 5-week treatment period."; 2028-03
  • NCT05983263
    "Analgesic Efficacy of Capsaicin 8% Patch (QUTENZA®) in Coccygodygnia"; n 106; "Responder rate"; 2027-06-08
  • NCT06444594
    "Transient Receptor Potential Channels"; n 45; "Skin blood flow during slow local heating"; 2027-12-31
  • NCT06612658
    "Acute Effect of Capsimax on Resistance Exercise Performance, Muscle Oxygenation, Nitric Oxide Release, Resting Energy Expenditure and Reaction Time"; n 40; "Resistance exercise performance"; 2025-05-30
  • NCT07237022
    "The Role of TRP Channels in DPN"; n 20; "Dermal Blood Flow response (PU)"; 2026-08-31

recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04

Which 35 trials of Capsicum posted no result?


Posted no result
35 of 35 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00176969, NCT00008476, NCT00001307, NCT00088686, NCT00003610 and NCT00004316, and 29 more
Completion dates
oldest 2000-06; newest 2023-12-15
Show the evidence

Trial

  • NCT00176969
    2000-06
  • NCT00008476
    2004-01
  • NCT00001307
    2005-08
  • NCT00088686
    2005-10
  • NCT00003610
    2006-07
  • NCT00004316
    2007-08
14 further recorded trials
  • NCT00583180
    2008-01
  • NCT00152724
    2008-11
  • NCT01223820
    2011-09
  • NCT00993070
    2011-12
  • NCT01667523
    2011-12
  • NCT02695745
    2012-01
  • NCT01595620
    2012-04-19
  • NCT01713426
    2013-09-26
  • NCT01974037
    2013-12
  • NCT02882555
    2013-12
  • NCT01737294
    2014-08
  • NCT01862523
    2014-12
  • NCT02171182
    2015-08
  • NCT02403687
    2017-02

At the median, Capsicum's trials enrolled 37 people — anything larger?


Median enrolment
37
Largest enrolment
854
Registered trials counted
76

Capsicum and cytochrome P450: shared by which compounds?


cytochrome P450 appear in Capsicum's recorded interaction sentences, 1 in all. openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-07-07

Interpretation drug_interactions

Show the evidence
  • cytochrome P450 drug_interactions
    Data from in vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition and induction studies show that capsaicin does not inhibit or induce liver cytochrome P450 enzymes at concentrations which far exceed those measured in blood samples.

recorded 2026-07-07 · last checked 2026-09-04

What is recorded about Capsicum and mTOR?


"Docking studies along with molecular dynamic simulations further demonstrated significant binding affinities between capsaicin and these targets (ERBB2: - 6.207; HSP90AA1: - 4.846; MTOR: - 6.451 and PIK3CA: - 6.720 Kcal/mol) suggest that capsaicin may disrupt the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, potentially leading to the…" — where Capsicum and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2025-08-29

mTOR, autophagy, NAD+; PMID 40893586, 25933112, 33125995

Show the evidence
  • mTOR PMID 40893586
    "Docking studies along with molecular dynamic simulations further demonstrated significant binding affinities between capsaicin and these targets (ERBB2: - 6.207; HSP90AA1: - 4.846; MTOR: - 6.451 and PIK3CA: - 6.720 Kcal/mol) suggest that capsaicin may disrupt the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK signaling pathways, potentially leading to the suppression of prostate cancer."
  • autophagy PMID 25933112
    "Further investigation revealed that the autophagy induced by 5-FU was inhibited by capsaicin."
  • mTOR PMID 25933112
    "Moreover, the decrease in AKT and S6 phosphorylation induced by 5-FU was effectively reversed by capsaicin, indicating that capsaicin inhibits 5-FU-induced autophagy by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in CCA cells."
  • autophagy PMID 25933112
    "Moreover, the decrease in AKT and S6 phosphorylation induced by 5-FU was effectively reversed by capsaicin, indicating that capsaicin inhibits 5-FU-induced autophagy by activating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway in CCA cells."
  • NAD+ PMID 33125995
    "The mechanic investigations demonstrated that the presence of capsaicin induced apoptosis, probably by either altering key kinases or decreasing the intracellular NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH ratio, which led to significant inhibitions to hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis, especially acetotrophic methanogenesis."

recorded 2025-08-29 · last checked 2026-09-04

Where it is registered
Identifiers, relations and other names

The exact record

ChEMBL id
CHEMBL2108236
RxCUI
319780
Also called
Ae-paprika, African chillies, Capsiate natura, Capsicum annuum, Capsicum annuum fruit, Capsicum annuum fruit extract, Capsicum annuum fruit liquid extract, Capsicum annuum fruit powder, Capsicum annuum tincture, Capsicum annuum var. longum fruit, Cayenne, Chile pepper
Development code
B1353, B1666, B2636, FEMA NO. 2266, FEMA NO. 2833, NDI 448, B1666 [LANGUAL], B2636 [LANGUAL]
Trade name
Fiery jack, Salonpas-Hot Capsicum, Hangovermd, Sinolm Cold and Flu All-Natural, Sinolm Fast Allergy and Sinus Relief All-Natural, Sinolm Fast Headache Pain Relief All-Natural Nasal, Sinold All-Natural Nasal Decongestant, CVS Medicated Heat, BonicaEaseX Hot Capsicum Pain Relieving, Sinol-V Viral Defense - Nasal Cleanser, Best Choice Targeted Warming Capsaicin Heat Patch, Salonpas-Hot Capsicum / Hangovermd / Sinolm Cold and Flu All-Natural / Sinolm Fast Allergy and Sinus Relief All-Natural / Sinolm Fast Headache Pain Relief All-Natural Nasal / Sinold All-Natural Nasal Decongestant
Salt form
CAPSAICIN, CAPSICUM EXTRACT
Sources (9)

Sources

  • ClinicalTrials.gov clinicaltrials.gov ·
  • ClinicalTrials.gov ClinicalTrials.gov API v2 snapshot 2026-09-01T09:00:05 ·
  • this record's own fields 2,3,5 ·
  • Europe PMC dose-response search ·
  • Europe PMC pathway abstract search ·
  • Europe PMC search ·
3 more sources

ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work

How these records are assembled · Which registers were checked

Index-quality checks
  • identity passed: no open identity hold
  • required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
  • public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
  • source coverage passed: 9 source rows
  • no critical contamination: no quarantine open
  • canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
  • no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page

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