This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Canagliflozin Anhydrous does in the body
as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
From the FDA-approved label: SGLT2, expressed in the proximal renal tubules, is responsible for the majority of the reabsorption of filtered glucose from the tubular lumen. Canagliflozin is an inhibitor of SGLT2. By inhibiting SGLT2, canagliflozin reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose and lowers the renal threshold for glucose (RT G ), and thereby increases urinary glucose excretion (UGE). Canagliflozin increases the delivery of sodium to the distal tubule by blocking SGLT2-dependent glucose and sodium reabsorption. This is believed to increase tubuloglomerular feedback and reduce intraglomerular pressure.
Why people take it. as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 0SAC974Z85 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 148 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved18 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Body weight
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved4 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Blood sugar
hba1c from baseline to week 12; hba1c from baseline to week 52; hba1c from baseline to week 26; plasma glucose concentrations; hba1c from baseline to week 18; 24 hour urine glucose excretion; rate of glucose appearance after meal; hepatic insulin sensitivity
Body weight
body weight from baseline to week 12; body weight at week 26; body weight; hba1c + weight loss
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
18 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Total (first and recurrent) cardiovascular, kidney, and death events
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05390892
How many people
6000
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Progression of Albuminuria
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01989754
How many people
5813
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Primary Composite Endpoint of Doubling of Serum Creatinine (DoSC), End-stage Kidney Disease (ESKD), and Renal or Cardiovascular (CV) Death
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02065791
How many people
4401
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) Composite of Cardiovascular (CV) Death, Non-Fatal Myocardial Infarction (MI), and Non-Fatal Stroke
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01032629
How many people
4330
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
21 Day Organ Support (Respiratory or Vasopressor) Free Days
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04505774
How many people
3591
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in HbA1c From Baseline to Week 52
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00968812
How many people
1452
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 4 written-up studies measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.29 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
hba1c from baseline to week 12
body weight from baseline to week 12
hba1c from baseline to week 52
hba1c from baseline to week 26
plasma glucose concentrations
hba1c from baseline to week 18
plasma volume
plasma concentrations of glyburide
plasma concentrations of glyburide metabolites
24 hour urine glucose excretion
and 19 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (11)
adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability
pulse rate
qtc intervals
adverse events
safety and tolerability assessed by adverse events
treatment emergent adverse events
pulmonary capillary wedge pressure
hospitalizations for heart failure
below knee lower extremity amputation events
weight
rate of adverse events
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 10.6 hours hours
Read from the label, which states: “The apparent terminal half-life (t 1/2 ) was 10.6 hours and 13.1 hours for the 100 mg and 300 mg doses, respectively.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
INVOKANA (canagliflozin) is indicated: • as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in adults and pediatric patients aged 10 years and older with type 2 diabetes mellitus. • to reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and nonfatal stroke) in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus and established cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness of INVOKANA for glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes have not been established in pediatric patients under 10 years of age.”
US prescribing information · 5f76e16f-0c24-454a-81af-4080b312c940 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “In 13 clinical trials of INVOKANA, 2,294 patients 65 years and older, and 351 patients 75 years and older were exposed to INVOKANA [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] .”
US prescribing information · 5f76e16f-0c24-454a-81af-4080b312c940 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Based on juvenile animal data showing adverse renal effects, INVOKANA is not recommended during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.”
US prescribing information · 5f76e16f-0c24-454a-81af-4080b312c940 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There is no information regarding the presence of INVOKANA in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · 5f76e16f-0c24-454a-81af-4080b312c940 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “No dosage adjustment is necessary in patients with mild or moderate hepatic impairment.”
US prescribing information · 5f76e16f-0c24-454a-81af-4080b312c940 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “The efficacy and safety of INVOKANA for glycemic control were evaluated in a trial that included adult patients with moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30 to less than 50 mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] .”
US prescribing information · 5f76e16f-0c24-454a-81af-4080b312c940 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as tablet, tablet, extended release, tablet, film coated, extended release, tablet, film coated, given by the oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
38 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 22 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 12578-611 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as powder, tablet, film coated and tablet, film coated, extended release, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 12578-611 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is p-glycoprotein inhibitors [moa], sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor [epc] and sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitors [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 12578-611 · read 2026-08-29
5 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 4 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 5f76e16f-0c24-454a-81af-4080b312c940 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 5f76e16f-0c24-454a-81af-4080b312c940 · read 2026-08-29
INVOKANA is oral at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS • INVOKANA 100 mg tablets are yellow, capsule-shaped, tablets with "CFZ" on one side and "100" on the other side. • INVOKANA 300 mg tablets are white, capsule-shaped, tablets with "CFZ" on o…, recorded as fda label in effect 2026-02-17 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 5f76e16f-0c24-454a-81af-4080b312c940 · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Canagliflozin Anhydrous studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Canagliflozin Anhydrous are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
How many documents were read
4 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
4 of them state the same halfLife, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
4 of them state the same bioavailability, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
4 of them state the same tMax, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
0SAC974Z85
RxNorm concept
1373463
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How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
11 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA204042, approved 20130329 to JANSSEN PHARMS.
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5 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (15)
Q1
What did Canagliflozin Anhydrous's largest trial (781430 people) and its longest (11 years) measure?
781430 people in Canagliflozin Anhydrous's largest registered study, 11 years in its longest registered window, measuring Incidence Rate of the Composite of All-cause Mortality (ACM) or Hospitalization for Heart Failure (HF). ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
46 phase1, 32 phase4, 23 phase3, 12 phase2, 11 na or unstated, 7 na; NCT02142309; 2017-01. Last human test completed 2024, NCT06301529.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Canagliflozin Anhydrous was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase1
46
phase4
32
phase3
23
phase2
12
na or unstated
11
na
7
1 more recorded row
Last recorded human testNCT06301529
2024-06-29
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Canagliflozin Anhydrous shown lifespan?
590 mice; cohorts C2016, C2020; cohort rows are the workbook's own printed values; no median, percent change or survival statistic is derived from the per-animal data
Show the evidence
ITP cohort
C2016
canagliflozin; 180.0; 7.0 months; f, m; ITP_C2016_Lifespan.xlsx
C2020
canagliflozin; f, m; ITP_C2020_Lifespan.xlsx
C2020
canagliflozin; f, m; ITP_C2020_Lifespan.xlsx
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
4 of Canagliflozin Anhydrous's trials stopped: futility/efficacy, accrual/recruitment, other?
futility/efficacy (1), accrual/recruitment (1) and other (2): Canagliflozin Anhydrous's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Did not meet recruitment targets."; 4 of 128 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02462421
terminated; "Did not meet recruitment targets."
NCT02912455
terminated; "Study was terminated due to difficulty with reaching enrollment goals"
NCT03190798
withdrawn; "Study has been withdrawn from IRB review pending IND revision"
NCT03298009
withdrawn; "end of contract negociations"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Mouse studies of Canagliflozin Anhydrous used 180 ppm — over how long?
Mouse studies of Canagliflozin Anhydrous used "180 ppm". clinicaltrials.gov+jax-mpd-itp · 2026-09-04
23 recorded entries; mouse, human; also "Canagliflozin (JNJ-28431754) 100 mg", "Canagliflozin (JNJ-28431754) 300 mg", "Canagliflozin 100 mg"
Show the evidence
mouse
canagliflozin C2016
180 ppm
canagliflozin C2020
180 ppm
canagliflozin C2020
180 ppm
human
NCT01032629
Canagliflozin (JNJ-28431754) 100 mg
NCT01032629
Canagliflozin (JNJ-28431754) 300 mg
NCT01106651
Canagliflozin 100 mg
NCT01106651
Canagliflozin 300 mg
NCT01128985
Canagliflozin 50 mg
NCT01340664
Canagliflozin 150 mg
11 more recorded rows
humanNCT01340677
Canagliflozin, 50 mg
humanNCT01340677
Canagliflozin, 300 mg
humanNCT01340677
Canagliflozin, 100 mg
humanNCT01381887
Canagliflozin 300mg/Placebo
humanNCT01381887
Canagliflozin 300mg/Canagliflozin 150mg
humanNCT01381887
Canagliflozin 300mg
humanNCT01381900
Canagliflozin 100mg
humanNCT01707316
Treatment A: Canagliflozin 100 mg
humanNCT01707316
Treatment B: Canagliflozin 300 mg
humanNCT01748526
Canagliflozin (JNJ-28431754) 200 mg
humanNCT01916863
canagliflozin 300 mg
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Canagliflozin Anhydrous's half-life is 10.6 hours — which schedules were studied?
10.6 hours, the half-life Canagliflozin Anhydrous's label states. openfda-label · b9057d3b-b104-4f09-8a61-c61ef9d4a3f3 · 2026-08-30
bioavailability 65% %.
Show the evidence
half life
10.6 hours hours; The apparent terminal half-life (t 1/2 ) was 10.6 hours and 13.1 hours for the 100 mg and 300 mg doses, respectively.
tmax
Following single-dose oral administration of 100 mg and 300 mg of INVOKANA, peak plasma concentrations (median T max ) of canagliflozin occurs within 1 to 2 hours post-dose.
bioavailability
65% %; Absorption The mean absolute oral bioavailability of canagliflozin is approximately 65%.
metabolism
Metabolism O -glucuronidation is the major metabolic elimination pathway for canagliflozin, which is mainly glucuronidated by UGT1A9 and UGT2B4 to two inactive O -glucuronide metabolites.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Could one person measure Canagliflozin Anhydrous's effect on hba1c from baseline to week 12?
Hba1c from baseline to week 12: measured in Canagliflozin Anhydrous's trials.
hba1c from baseline to week 12 is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
hba1c from baseline to week 12; 2026-09-01
body weight from baseline to week 12; 2026-09-01
adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability; 2026-09-01
hba1c from baseline to week 52; 2026-09-01
hba1c from baseline to week 26; 2026-09-01
plasma glucose concentrations; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
hba1c from baseline to week 18; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
plasma volume; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pulse rate; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
plasma concentrations of glyburide; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
plasma concentrations of glyburide metabolites; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
24 hour urine glucose excretion; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
qtc intervals; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
plasma concentrations of simvastatin; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
rate of glucose appearance after meal; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hepatic insulin sensitivity; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
glycosylated hemoglobin at week 26; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
achieving hba1c of 6 without diabetic medication; 2026-09-01
0; NCT02597309; PHASE4; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q8
Which of 24 hour urine glucose excretion, achieving hba1c of 6 without diabetic medication and adverse events did Canagliflozin Anhydrous's trials measure?
24 hour urine glucose excretion, achieving hba1c of 6 without diabetic medication and adverse events lead 40 outcome terms across Canagliflozin Anhydrous's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
hba1c from baseline to week 52, hba1c from baseline to week 26, plasma glucose concentrations, hba1c from baseline to week 18, plasma volume and pulse rate follow.
Show the evidence
hba1c from baseline to week 12
1
body weight from baseline to week 12
1
adverse events as a measure of safety and tolerability
1
hba1c from baseline to week 52
1
hba1c from baseline to week 26
1
plasma glucose concentrations
1
14 more recorded rows
hba1c from baseline to week 18
1
plasma volume
1
pulse rate
1
plasma concentrations of glyburide
1
plasma concentrations of glyburide metabolites
1
24 hour urine glucose excretion
1
qtc intervals
1
plasma concentrations of simvastatin
1
rate of glucose appearance after meal
1
hepatic insulin sensitivity
1
glycosylated hemoglobin at week 26
1
achieving hba1c of 6 without diabetic medication
1
adverse events
1
hba1c from baseline
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which of Canagliflozin Anhydrous's 16 ongoing trials reports first?
Urinary glucose excretion (during the time interval 24-48 hours after first administration of canagliflozin); -Proteinuria reduction within 6 months in IgAN patients with active renal lesions; latest 2029-03-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT02891954
"Genetics of Response to Canagliflozin"; n 700; "Urinary glucose excretion (during the time interval 24-48 hours after first administration of canagliflozin)"; 2026-12-25
NCT04662723
"Multicentre Clinical Study to Evaluate the Effect of Personalized Therapy on Patients With Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy."; n 878; "-Proteinuria reduction within 6 months in IgAN patients with active renal lesions"; 2028-12-31
NCT05090358
"Preventing High Blood Sugar in People Being Treated for Metastatic Breast Cancer"; n 15; "Hyperglycemia-free rate for participants"; 2027-10-08
NCT05220917
"Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Four Second Line Pharmacological Strategies in Type 2 Diabetes Study"; n 781430; "MACE"; 2027-09-30
NCT05427084
"Canagliflozin Targeting Vascular Inflammation"; n 24; "TBR (Tissue-to-blood ratio) of the most-diseased segment (MDS) of the ascending aorta"; 2026-12
NCT05507892
"Renal Mechanism of SGLT2 Inhibition"; n 45; "Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) width and mesangial expansion"; 2026-12-15
10 further recorded trials
NCT06291155
"Mechanism of SGLT2 Inhibition in the Kidney"; n 20; "Glomerular basement membrane (GBM) width and mesangial expansion"; 2028-02-28
NCT06528405
"The Efficacy and Safety of Sodium-glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors in Patients With Acute Kidney Disease"; n 264; "Albuminuria"; 2027-12
NCT06851962
"Impact of Pharmacogenetic-Guided Treatment on Type 2 Diabetes."; n 504; "Comparison of HbA1c ≤7% goal at Week 24 between Pharmacogenetic-Guided and Standard Treatment in Type 2 Diabetes"; 2026-06-30
NCT06858436
"SGLT2 Inhibitor Utilization Re-perfusion Therapy"; n 150; "Occurrence of malignant edema"; 2027-10-31
NCT06913647
"Effect of Canagliflozin on Ultrafiltration & Fibrosis in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis"; n 30; "Change in D4/D0"; 2028-12-31
NCT07076823
"Safety and Efficacy of Canagliflozin in Patients With Metastatic High Microsatellite Instability (MSI-H) Colorectal Cancer"; n 15; "Adverse Effect"; 2026-06-30
NCT07309094
"Clinical, Morphometric and Biochemical Effects on Adiposopathy Associated With the Use of GLP-1RA in CKD"; n 250; "Ultrasonography change in perirenal adipose tissue thickness"; 2028-12-31
NCT07325435
"Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists"; n 60; "Change in Stimulated C-peptide Index during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is a measure of Beta Cell Function and will be measuresd at baseline and at 16 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2-Inhibitor"; 2028-06-30
NCT07547878
"Rapid and Simultaneous Initiation of Four Guideline-Directed CKD Therapies (RAPID-CKD)"; n 64; "On-study retention rate at 6 months"; 2029-03-31
NCT07703163
"Safety and Efficacy of Canagliflozin in Patients With Locally Advanced or Advanced Solid Cancer"; n 15; "Number of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events as Assessed by CTCAE v5.0"; 2028-07-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Which running trial of Canagliflozin Anhydrous could settle insulin sensitivity?
NCT07325435 measures Change in Stimulated C-peptide Index during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is a measure of Beta Cell Function and will be measuresd at baseline and at 16 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2-Inhibitor, reading out 2028-06-30.
1 open trial; n 60; "Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT07325435
"Beta Cell Function in Type 2 Diabetes: Differential Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors and GLIP-Receptor Agonists"; n 60; "Change in Stimulated C-peptide Index during an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test is a measure of Beta Cell Function and will be measuresd at baseline and at 16 weeks after treatment with GLP-1 Receptor Agonist or SGLT2-Inhibitor"; 2028-06-30
Q11
Which 52 trials of Canagliflozin Anhydrous posted no result?
Posted no result
52 of 52 completed trials
Registrations
NCT01177150, NCT01756417, NCT00963768, NCT01756404, NCT01714193 and NCT01733108, and 46 more
Completion dates
oldest 2007-04; newest 2024-06-29
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01177150
2007-04
NCT01756417
2007-11
NCT00963768
2007-12
NCT01756404
2007-12-05
NCT01714193
2008-03
NCT01733108
2008-09
14 further recorded trials
NCT01748526
2008-09
NCT01787357
2008-09
NCT01821027
2008-09
NCT01759576
2008-11
NCT01714206
2009-09
NCT01157000
2010-06
NCT01128985
2010-07
NCT01186588
2011-04
NCT01281579
2011-04
NCT01718652
2011-04
NCT01343290
2011-06
NCT01273558
2011-07
NCT01340677
2011-08
NCT01395927
2011-08
Q12
At the median, Canagliflozin Anhydrous's trials enrolled 62.5 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
62.5
Largest enrolment
781430
Registered trials counted
128
Q13
Canagliflozin Anhydrous and CYP3A4, P-GP and CYP2B6: shared by which compounds?
CYP3A4, P-GP and CYP2B6 appear in Canagliflozin Anhydrous's recorded interaction sentences, 5 in all. openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
Interpretation pharmacokinetics
Show the evidence
CYP2B6pharmacokinetics
Canagliflozin did not inhibit the CYP450 isoenzymes (1A2, 2A6, 2C19, 2D6, or 2E1) and weakly inhibited CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 based on in vitro studies with human hepatic microsomes.
CYP2C8pharmacokinetics
Canagliflozin did not inhibit the CYP450 isoenzymes (1A2, 2A6, 2C19, 2D6, or 2E1) and weakly inhibited CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 based on in vitro studies with human hepatic microsomes.
CYP2C9pharmacokinetics
Canagliflozin did not inhibit the CYP450 isoenzymes (1A2, 2A6, 2C19, 2D6, or 2E1) and weakly inhibited CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 based on in vitro studies with human hepatic microsomes.
CYP3A4
pharmacokinetics
CYP3A4-mediated (oxidative) metabolism of canagliflozin is minimal (approximately 7%) in humans.
pharmacokinetics
Canagliflozin did not inhibit the CYP450 isoenzymes (1A2, 2A6, 2C19, 2D6, or 2E1) and weakly inhibited CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 based on in vitro studies with human hepatic microsomes.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
Was Canagliflozin Anhydrous studied with fasting?
fasting is named in Canagliflozin Anhydrous's label sentences: "We measured fasting glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in 3,581 samples from the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) trial at baseline and at 1 and 2 years after randomization." openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
1 recorded statement; fasting
Show the evidence
fasting
We measured fasting glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate, lactate, and pyruvate concentrations in 3,581 samples from the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study (CANVAS) trial at baseline and at 1 and 2 years after randomization.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q15
What is recorded about Canagliflozin Anhydrous and sirtuin?
"This study investigated the anti-tumor effects of canagliflozin on cholangiocarcinoma and the effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ salvage pathway activation and sirtuin 1 on tumor growth." — where Canagliflozin Anhydrous and sirtuin appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-06-25
"This study investigated the anti-tumor effects of canagliflozin on cholangiocarcinoma and the effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ salvage pathway activation and sirtuin 1 on tumor growth."
NAD+PMID 39940750
"This study investigated the anti-tumor effects of canagliflozin on cholangiocarcinoma and the effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)+ salvage pathway activation and sirtuin 1 on tumor growth."
sirtuinPMID 39940750
"Canagliflozin treatment upregulated nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), NAD+, and sirtuin 1 in cholangiocarcinoma and activated the NAD+ salvage pathway."
NAD+
PMID 39940750
"Canagliflozin treatment upregulated nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT), NAD+, and sirtuin 1 in cholangiocarcinoma and activated the NAD+ salvage pathway."
PMID 39940750
"The growth-inhibitory effect of canagliflozin was enhanced when combined with an NAMPT inhibitor."
mTORPMID 42345092
"Mechanistically, canagliflozin significantly increased AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation while decreasing AKT/mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) activation compared with empagliflozin, dapagliflozin."
AMPKPMID 42345092
"Mechanistically, canagliflozin significantly increased AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) phosphorylation while decreasing AKT/mTORC1 (mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1) activation compared with empagliflozin, dapagliflozin."
mTORPMID 42345092
"AMPK inhibition with compound C, or dose reduction of canagliflozin, partially restored AKT/mTORC1 signaling and wound closure."
AMPKPMID 42345092
"AMPK inhibition with compound C, or dose reduction of canagliflozin, partially restored AKT/mTORC1 signaling and wound closure."
mTORPMID 42345092
"Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin promote EC-angiogenic functions through balanced AMPK/AKT/mTORC1 signaling, whereas canagliflozin impaired these processes via excessive AMPK activation and suppression of AKT/mTORC1 signaling."
AMPKPMID 42345092
"Empagliflozin and dapagliflozin promote EC-angiogenic functions through balanced AMPK/AKT/mTORC1 signaling, whereas canagliflozin impaired these processes via excessive AMPK activation and suppression of AKT/mTORC1 signaling."
autophagy
PMID 39631538
"This study aimed to determine whether canagliflozin, an SGLT2i, protects against DIC by regulation of autophagic flux in cardiomyocytes through a mechanism independent of SGLT2."
PMID 39631538
"Canagliflozin significantly activated autophagic flux and inhibited apoptosis of cardiomyocytes in both DOX-treated H9C2 rat cardiomyocytes and NRCMs."
sirtuinPMID 39631538
"Moreover, canagliflozin promoted autophagy by enhancing SIRT1 levels and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway."
autophagyPMID 39631538
"Moreover, canagliflozin promoted autophagy by enhancing SIRT1 levels and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway."
recorded 2026-06-25 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · NIA ITP via the JAX Mouse Phenome Database · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
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