Its recorded molecular formula is C5H4CaO5, weighing 184.16.
PubChem record · 3018235 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No plain explanation of what this changes is stored.
No recorded use is stored in reader language.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 26 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Formulation
A formulation is the exact made-up form a substance comes in.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like the difference between a whole bean and instant coffee.
Where that stops being true. Coffee tastes different. A formulation can change how much reaches the blood.
What people get wrong. Two products with the same name are assumed to behave the same. They often do not.
The specific composition and physical form of a product, including salt, excipients and release profile.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 19 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer3 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Recovery
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Sleep
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Mood
depression; anxiety; generalized anxiety disorder 7; hamilton program for schizophrenia voices questionnaire
Recovery
recovery
Sleep
insomnia severity index
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
3 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Changes in aortic diameter
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04723888
How many people
300
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Composite of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and at least 1 organ system
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07031128
How many people
250
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in Depression Severity (CDI)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07478796
How many people
180
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Examine the effects of C4 supplementation during resistance training by assessing body water
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02999581
How many people
122
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in blood DNA methylation status, years
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05706389
How many people
120
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in Creatine Phosphokinase-MB Isoenzyme (CK-MB)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01681095
How many people
110
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route.
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
NIH Dietary Supplement Label Database · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Europe PMC · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
■What a body can do day to dayEvidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.2 registered measures of this kind.
■Measured performanceEvidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.2 registered measures of this kind.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.6 registered measures of this kind.
□A number that stands in for healthNo evidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.No registered study measures this.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Yeast, C. elegans (roundworm), Drosophila (fruit fly), Mouse, Rat, Dog, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
quality of life
anxiety
health questionnaire 9
generalized anxiety disorder 7
insomnia severity index
hamilton program for schizophrenia voices questionnaire
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
functional disability
6 minute walking test
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (11)
social functioning
satisfaction
severity of symptoms
recovery
depression
distress at end of treatment
distress at 2 month follow up
distress at 6 month follow up
visual analog scale
pathologic complete response rate pcr
new hcv or hiv diagnoses
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
No description of who was studied is recorded.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf.
On this record: This record is linked to 1 related forms. Evidence does not carry across all of them.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (9)
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No form or route is recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing is recorded about product quality.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
The exact form studied is not recorded.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
12967 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as non-nutrient/non-botanical and other combinations.
Those labels carry all other and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
7 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
How this medicine reached us — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q1
What did Alpha Ketoglutarate's largest trial (6466 people) and its longest (5.9 years) measure?
6466 people in Alpha Ketoglutarate's largest registered study, 5.9 years in its longest registered window, measuring Child weight status, physical activity, & diet. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
13 na, 2 early phase1, 1 na or unstated, 1 phase3, 1 phase4; NCT04723888; 2026-12-31; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2026, NCT05078229.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Alpha Ketoglutarate was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
13
early phase1
2
na or unstated
1
phase3
1
phase4
1
Last recorded human testNCT05078229
2026-03-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From yeast to human: where has Alpha Ketoglutarate shown lifespan?
C. elegans: lifespan, Drosophila: lifespan, NHP: mechanism-only, yeast: mechanism-only, mouse: lifespan, rat: lifespan, dog: lifespan and human: mechanism-only (18): the rungs where Alpha Ketoglutarate has a recorded finding. Europe PMC and ClinicalTrials.gov · organism ladder · 2026-09-01
Interpretation Child weight status, physical activity, & diet. — the recorded outcome words.
"Impossible patient inclusion due to the COVID-10 pandemic"; 1 of 18 registered studies
Show the evidence
TrialNCT03501927
terminated; "Impossible patient inclusion due to the COVID-10 pandemic"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Mouse studies of Alpha Ketoglutarate used 20,000 ppm — over how long?
Mouse studies of Alpha Ketoglutarate used "20,000 ppm". jax-mpd-itp · 2026-09-04
Show the evidence
mousea-Ketoglutarate C2020
20,000 ppm
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Did Alpha Ketoglutarate move Horvath, and by how much?
Horvath: "Epigenetic age and rate of aging (ROA) were assessed using various epigenetic clocks, including those developed by Horvath and Hannum, DNAmPhenoAge, and with a focus on Index, a new principal component-based epigenetic clock that, like DNAmPhenoAge, is trained to predict an individual's "PhenoAge." Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2026-02-17
6 recorded sentences; 2024, 2026, 2022, 2025; biomarker
Show the evidence
HorvathPMID 38937999
2024; "Epigenetic age and rate of aging (ROA) were assessed using various epigenetic clocks, including those developed by Horvath and Hannum, DNAmPhenoAge, and with a focus on Index, a new principal component-based epigenetic clock that, like DNAmPhenoAge, is trained to predict an individual's "PhenoAge."
PhenoAgePMID 41217697
2026; "To explore potential relationships between total fish-shellfish consumption (status/frequency) and BA assessed via Phenotypic age (PhenoAge) and risk of PhenoAge acceleration (PhenoAgeAccel), with a focus on examining the mediation role played by inflammatory/antioxidant biomarkers."
GrimAge
2022; "Given the blood plasma correlations used to develop GrimAge, a specific focus was made on white matter hyperintensities, a visible neurological manifestation of small vessel disease, and the axonal pathways throughout each individual’s brain affected by their unique white matter hyperintensity location and volume."
epigenetic age
2024; "Future research is to focus on longitudinal studies to validate these findings and explore the mechanisms underlying epigenetic age acceleration."
PMID 39905063
2025; "In this study, we have exemplarily analyzed if a 3-day treatment of human blood samples in vitro would reduce age-associated biomarkers, with a particular focus on epigenetic age-predictions."
PMID 41752045
2026; "To overcome this limitation, we introduce EpiAge-R (Epigenetic Age with Resilience), a mechanistic framework that shifts the focus from passive correlation to active recovery potential."
recorded 2026-02-17 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
More Alpha Ketoglutarate was worse in human: at what point?
Hormetic in human: "Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hormesis, its ecological implications, and the development of predictive models to assess its effects across various ecosystems." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2026-05-28
"Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms of hormesis, its ecological implications, and the development of predictive models to assess its effects across various ecosystems."
"This narrative review synthesizes current knowledge on hormesis in the context of aging, with a focus on key molecular pathways including nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2 (Nrf2), sirtuins, autophagy, and mitohormesis."
U-shapedPMID 42292281
"We designed a dynamic convolution to focus on U-shaped local features, and developed a dual-stream fusion block to enhance performance."
hormeticPMID 40084522
"Investigations into low-oxygen exposures that activate the hormetic response reveal that insect performance can be dramatically improved by single short low-oxygen events, but the focus of this work has been primarily on short-term, transitory protection afforded by hormesis."
dose responsePMID 41934098
"Furthermore, as dose response studies allow for consideration of the full ecotoxicological response over a range of concentrations, we suggest that dose response OECD 216 studies for agrochemicals should focus on inhibitory and not stimulatory responses."
recorded 2026-05-28 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Could one person measure Alpha Ketoglutarate's effect on quality of life?
Quality of life: measured in Alpha Ketoglutarate's trials.
Interpretation quality of life is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
quality of life; 2026-09-01
social functioning; 2026-09-01
satisfaction; 2026-09-01
severity of symptoms; 2026-09-01
recovery; 2026-09-01
depression; 2026-09-01
13 more recorded rows
biomarkers
anxiety; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
functional disability; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
health questionnaire 9; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
generalized anxiety disorder 7; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
insomnia severity index; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
hamilton program for schizophrenia voices questionnaire; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
distress at end of treatment; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
distress at 2 month follow up; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
distress at 6 month follow up; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
visual analog scale; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
6 minute walking test; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pathologic complete response rate pcr; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
new hcv or hiv diagnoses; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
1
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
17; NCT07269704; EARLY_PHASE1; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; COMPLETED
Q8
Which of 6 minute walking test, anxiety and depression did Alpha Ketoglutarate's trials measure?
6 minute walking test, anxiety and depression lead 19 outcome terms across Alpha Ketoglutarate's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
severity of symptoms, recovery, depression, anxiety, functional disability and health questionnaire 9 follow.
Show the evidence
quality of life
1
social functioning
1
satisfaction
1
severity of symptoms
1
recovery
1
depression
1
13 more recorded rows
anxiety
1
functional disability
1
health questionnaire 9
1
generalized anxiety disorder 7
1
insomnia severity index
1
hamilton program for schizophrenia voices questionnaire
1
distress at end of treatment
1
distress at 2 month follow up
1
distress at 6 month follow up
1
visual analog scale
1
6 minute walking test
1
pathologic complete response rate pcr
1
new hcv or hiv diagnoses
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which of Alpha Ketoglutarate's 6 ongoing trials reports first?
Changes in aortic diameter; Visual Analog Scale; latest 2027-08-30
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT04723888
"Alpha-Ketoglutarate and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression and Rupture"; n 300; "Changes in aortic diameter"; 2026-12-31
NCT06740669
"Effects of VE, Focus, Expressive Touch on Pain, Anxiety, Breastfeeding and Mobilization in Women Delivering by Cesarean Section"; n 208; "Visual Analog Scale"; 2025-05-30
NCT06853769
"Neoadjuvant Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer"; n 48; "Pathologic complete response rate（pCR）"; 2027-08-01
NCT07031128
"Alpha Ketoglutarate Enhances Geroprotection In Surgery (AEGIS)"; n 250; "Composite of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and at least 1 organ system"; 2026-12
NCT07276321
"Preliminary Efficacy of an mHealth Intervention in West Africa"; n 150; "Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)"; 2027-08-30
NCT07406490
"Assessing Performance of a Hepatitis C Emergency Department (HepC-EnD) Screening Tool: IT Integration Process for Electronic Health Record System"; n 6466; "Proportion of new HCV or HIV diagnoses"; 2027-07
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q10
Which 5 trials of Alpha Ketoglutarate posted no result?
Posted no result
5 of 5 completed trials
Registrations
NCT01415089, NCT00746629, NCT02364544, NCT02421965 and NCT04626349
Completion dates
oldest 2011-06; newest 2023-11-30
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01415089
2011-06
NCT00746629
2012-12
NCT02364544
2015-06
NCT02421965
2017-12
NCT04626349
2023-11-30
Q11
At the median, Alpha Ketoglutarate's trials enrolled 191 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
191
Largest enrolment
6466
Registered trials counted
18
Q12
Was Alpha Ketoglutarate studied with fasting?
fasting is named in Alpha Ketoglutarate's label sentences: "To investigate the feasibility of three preoperative liquid fasting protocols in patients with low risk of aspiration in preparation for a future large-scale trial, with a particular focus on patient-centred benefits." openfda-label+europepmc · 2025-11-18
1 recorded statement; fasting
Show the evidence
fasting
To investigate the feasibility of three preoperative liquid fasting protocols in patients with low risk of aspiration in preparation for a future large-scale trial, with a particular focus on patient-centred benefits.
recorded 2025-11-18 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
What is recorded about Alpha Ketoglutarate and mTOR?
"Future research should focus on optimizing exercise regimens and developing targeted interventions to harness the synergistic benefits of SIRT1 activation and mTOR inhibition in metabolic health." — where Alpha Ketoglutarate and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-08-19
"Future research should focus on optimizing exercise regimens and developing targeted interventions to harness the synergistic benefits of SIRT1 activation and mTOR inhibition in metabolic health."
sirtuin
PMID 41165878
"Future research should focus on optimizing exercise regimens and developing targeted interventions to harness the synergistic benefits of SIRT1 activation and mTOR inhibition in metabolic health."
PMID 42646271
"Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) operates as an autonomous neuro-immune-endocrine organ whose dysfunctional expansion drives insulin resistance, atherogenesis, and accelerated cellular ageing through mechanisms converging on chronic low-grade sterile inflammation, referred to as inflammaging. <b>Objectives:</b> This narrative review integrates evidence across four domains: (1) the multi-system…"
NAD+PMID 42646271
"Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) operates as an autonomous neuro-immune-endocrine organ whose dysfunctional expansion drives insulin resistance, atherogenesis, and accelerated cellular ageing through mechanisms converging on chronic low-grade sterile inflammation, referred to as inflammaging. <b>Objectives:</b> This narrative review integrates evidence across four domains: (1) the multi-system…"
mTORPMID 42196188
"Current therapeutic approaches focus on both the induction and inhibition of autophagy, primarily by targeting the two most important pathways regulating this process: PI3K/Akt/mTOR and AMPK."
AMPKPMID 42196188
"Current therapeutic approaches focus on both the induction and inhibition of autophagy, primarily by targeting the two most important pathways regulating this process: PI3K/Akt/mTOR and AMPK."
autophagyPMID 42196188
"Current therapeutic approaches focus on both the induction and inhibition of autophagy, primarily by targeting the two most important pathways regulating this process: PI3K/Akt/mTOR and AMPK."
mTORPMID 41751214
"Currently, anti-aging interventions targeting key aging pathways, such as insulin/IGF-1 signaling, mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins, are a major focus in the field of geroscience."
AMPKPMID 41751214
"Currently, anti-aging interventions targeting key aging pathways, such as insulin/IGF-1 signaling, mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins, are a major focus in the field of geroscience."
4 more recorded rows
sirtuinPMID 41751214
"Currently, anti-aging interventions targeting key aging pathways, such as insulin/IGF-1 signaling, mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins, are a major focus in the field of geroscience."
IGF-1PMID 41751214
"Currently, anti-aging interventions targeting key aging pathways, such as insulin/IGF-1 signaling, mTOR, AMPK, and sirtuins, are a major focus in the field of geroscience."
AMPKPMID 42628190
"We focus on six major mechanistic axes such as: inhibition of the electron transport chain and subsequent bioenergetic collapse; the shift from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis mediated by HIF-1α and mTOR signalling; excessive production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and activation of NF-κB and NLRP3 pathways; DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fragmentation with impaired fusion…"
autophagyPMID 41415076
"Future research should focus on integrating HBO with specific autophagy modulators and conducting large-scale randomized controlled trials to validate its therapeutic potential in CIRI."
NAD+
PMID 42329469
"Sirtuins, as classic NAD⁺-dependent class III histone deacetylases (HDACs), have been the focus of extensive research since their discovery, primarily centered on the mechanisms by which their deacetylase activity mediates the pathogenesis of various diseases and regulates key biological processes."
"These mechanisms are linked to QA-dependent NAD+ biogenesis and alpha-ketoglutarate control points, then aligned with chromatography and ionization choices suited to routine LC-MS workflows."
recorded 2026-08-19 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · NIA ITP via the JAX Mouse Phenome Database · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 3 required field(s) not terminal: Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 11 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.