This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Abobotulinumtoxina does in the body
Chronic sialorrhea
From the FDA-approved label: BOTOX blocks neuromuscular transmission by binding to acceptor sites on motor or autonomic nerve terminals, entering the nerve terminals, and inhibiting the release of acetylcholine. This inhibition occurs as the neurotoxin cleaves SNAP-25, a protein integral to the successful docking and release of acetylcholine from vesicles situated within nerve endings. When injected intramuscularly at therapeutic doses, BOTOX produces partial chemical denervation of the muscle resulting in a localized reduction in muscle activity. In addition, the muscle may atrophy, axonal sprouting may occur, and extrajunctional acetylcholine receptors may develop.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as protein.
FDA substance registry · E211KPY694 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 107 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer3 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Fertility and sexual health
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Mood
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Pain
pain; decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection; vas of pain; time to analgesic failure
Fertility and sexual health
total sperm count per ejaculate
Mood
beck depression inventory
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
3 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Incidence of Treatment Emergent Adverse Events (TEAE)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03004248
How many people
2691
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Surgery rate at any point
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00474032
How many people
2000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in monthly migraine days from baseline (28 days before baseline visit) to Month 6 (weeks 21 to 24 after first injection) - Dose A
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07018700
How many people
990
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Percentage of Responders Based on Composite Facial Wrinkle Scale Assessment of Crow's Feet Line Severity at Maximum Smile
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01189760
How many people
917
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Percentage of Subjects Who Achieve Grade/Level 0 or 1 on the GL Investigator Scales at Maximum Frown
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04225260
How many people
902
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change From Study Baseline in the Daily Average Number of Urinary Incontinence Episodes
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00915525
How many people
829
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.6 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.3 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat, Non-human primate. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
pain
decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection
international prostate symptom at week 12
vas of pain
beck depression inventory
total international prostate symptom at week 12
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
urinary urge incontinence episodes
weekly episodes of urinary incontinence
daily episodes of urinary incontinence
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (31)
forced vital capacity
forced expiratory volume
frequency of headache episodes
frequency of headache days
assessment of axillary sweat production
joint function
global assessment
toronto western spasmodic torticollis rating scale
responders
duration of treatment benefit
forced expiratory volume in one second
fev1/fvc
nih cpsi total
incidence of adverse events
incidence of adverse events of special interest
time to onset of treatment effect
dysphagia incidence over 10 weeks
seven functional tasks
adverse events
sino nasal outcome test 22
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
XEOMIN is an acetylcholine release inhibitor and neuromuscular blocking agent indicated for the treatment or improvement of: Chronic sialorrhea in patients 2 years of age and older ( 1.1 ) Upper limb spasticity in patients 2 years of age and older ( 1.2 ) Cervical dystonia in adults ( 1.3 ) Blepharospasm in adults ( 1.4 ) the appearance of upper facial lines in adults: moderate to severe glabellar lines associated…
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients below the age of 2 years have not been established [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].”
US prescribing information · 3f35d6e0-3450-4abc-a0da-cc7b277e7c6e · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Chronic Sialorrhea Of the total number of 184 patients in the placebo-controlled study in chronic sialorrhea in adult patients [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ] , 107 were 65 years of age and over (46 treated with XEOMIN 100 Units, 44 treated with XEOMIN 75 Units, and 17 received placebo).”
US prescribing information · 3f35d6e0-3450-4abc-a0da-cc7b277e7c6e · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no adequate data on the developmental risk associated with the use of XEOMIN in pregnant women.”
US prescribing information · 3f35d6e0-3450-4abc-a0da-cc7b277e7c6e · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of XEOMIN in human milk, the effects on the breastfed infant, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · 3f35d6e0-3450-4abc-a0da-cc7b277e7c6e · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Given by a clinician
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S6, S7.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as liquid, injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution, powder, given by the oral, intramuscular, intradermal route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Abobotulinumtoxina appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 13257 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
33 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 24 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72960-112 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution, liquid and powder, taken intradermal, intramuscular and oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72960-112 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is acetylcholine release inhibitor [epc], acetylcholine release inhibitors [moa] and neuromuscular blockade [pe].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72960-112 · read 2026-08-29
18 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 9 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · d3f89e4d-c3a0-4481-bf0e-0413993a8bc5 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug and human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · d3f89e4d-c3a0-4481-bf0e-0413993a8bc5 · read 2026-08-29
114384 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as botanical and other combinations.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Xeomin is intramuscular at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS For injection: 50 Units, 100 Units, or 200 Units lyophilized powder in a single-dose vial for reconstitution only with preservative-free 0.9% Sodium Chloride Injection, USP., recorded as fda label in effect 2026-07-10 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 3f35d6e0-3450-4abc-a0da-cc7b277e7c6e · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Abobotulinumtoxina studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Abobotulinumtoxina are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
E211KPY694
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2612454
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How this medicine reached us
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The earliest marketing start date recorded for a listed product is 19891215.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 72960-112 · read 2026-08-29
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Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q2
What did Abobotulinumtoxina's largest trial (1372 people) and its longest (13 years) measure?
1372 people in Abobotulinumtoxina's largest registered study, 13 years in its longest registered window, measuring Grip strength (pain free and maximal), hydraulic hand dynamometer, change from baseline. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
134 phase3, 115 phase2, 77 phase4, 32 na or unstated, 26 na, 26 phase1, 5 early phase1; NCT01429402; 2013-08. Last human test completed 2026, NCT05481931.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Abobotulinumtoxina was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase3
134
phase2
115
phase4
77
na or unstated
32
na
26
phase1
26
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
5
Last recorded human testNCT05481931
2026-04-13
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Abobotulinumtoxina shown lifespan?
13 recorded entries; human; also "incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) (120 Units)", "IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) (20 Units)", "IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) (20 units)"
Show the evidence
human
NCT00407030
incobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) (120 Units)
NCT00430963
IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) (20 Units)
NCT00512135
IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin) (20 units)
NCT01392300
IncobotulinumtoxinA (400 Units)
NCT01893411
IncobotulinumtoxinA (12 Units per kg body weight)
NCT01896895
IncobotulinumtoxinA (Xeomin), 12.5 Units
7 more recorded rows
humanNCT01905683
IncobotulinumtoxinA (16-20 Units per kg body weight)
humanNCT02002884
IncobotulinumtoxinA (2 Units per kg body weight)
humanNCT02019017
Botulinum Toxin Type A 25 IU
humanNCT02091739
IncobotulinumtoxinA (100 Units)
humanNCT03523091
OnabotulinumtoxinA 100Unit Injection
humanNCT04124939
OnabotulinumtoxinA 100 Units
humanNCT05512039
OnabotulinumtoxinA 100 Unit
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Which of a positive response on the 4 tbs, a positive response on the 4 treatment benefit scale and adverse events did Abobotulinumtoxina's trials measure?
a positive response on the 4 tbs, a positive response on the 4 treatment benefit scale and adverse events lead 40 outcome terms across Abobotulinumtoxina's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation frequency of headache days, pain, urinary urge incontinence episodes, assessment of axillary sweat production, joint function and global assessment follow.
Show the evidence
forced vital capacity
1
forced expiratory volume
1
frequency of headache episodes
1
frequency of headache days
1
pain
1
urinary urge incontinence episodes
1
14 more recorded rows
assessment of axillary sweat production
1
joint function
1
global assessment
1
toronto western spasmodic torticollis rating scale
1
responders
1
decrease in pain at 8 weeks post injection
1
international prostate symptom at week 12
1
weekly episodes of urinary incontinence
1
vas of pain
1
duration of treatment benefit
1
forced expiratory volume in one second
1
fev1/fvc
1
nih cpsi total
1
incidence of adverse events
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of Abobotulinumtoxina's 25 ongoing trials reports first?
Improvement in pain from baseline at eight weeks as measured by the change in Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS); Change in scoliotic curve as assessed by the Major Curve Cobb Angle; latest 2030-02-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03571334
"Botulinum Toxin A for the Treatment of Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy"; n 40; "Improvement in pain from baseline at eight weeks as measured by the change in Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS)"; 2024-12-31
NCT03935295
"Dysport ® as an Adjunctive Treatment to Bracing in the Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis"; n 90; "Change in scoliotic curve as assessed by the Major Curve Cobb Angle"; 2026-12-31
NCT03992404
"Study to Compare the Efficacy and Safety of NT 201 (Botulinum Toxin) With Placebo for the Treatment of Lower Limb Spasticity Caused by Stroke or Traumatic Brain Injury"; n 603; "Change from baseline in derived Modified Ashworth Scale-Bohannon (MAS) ankle score (knee extended) at weeks 4 to 6"; 2027-04
NCT04908423
"Xeomin® and Gait Related Mobility After Stroke"; n 20; "Change in Instrumented Timed Up and Go test time"; 2027-04
NCT05478551
"Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin in Biopsy Scar Minimization"; n 12; "Primary Outcome Measure"; 2026-12-30
NCT05512039
"Reduced-dose Botox for Urgency Incontinence Among Elder Females"; n 376; "Change in symptom specific quality of life and bother over time."; 2027-01-01
14 further recorded trials
NCT05598723
"BOTOX® vs. XEOMIN® for Chronic Migraine"; n 128; "Headache days per month"; 2027-08-24
NCT05878951
"Examining the Effects of Intra-detrusor Botox at Time of HoLEP in Men With Overactive Bladder Symptoms"; n 66; "Improve Overactive Bladder Symptoms (OAB) utilizing botox injections into the bladder."; 2026-12-31
NCT06195241
"Effects of DaxibotulinumtoxinA for Blepharospasm and Hemifacial Spasm"; n 40; "Therapeutic Response based on the modified Jankovic Rating Scale"; 2027-03
NCT06530524
"Pretreatment Botulinum Toxin in Head and Neck Cancer Surgery"; n 50; "Xerostomia-related quality of life"; 2027-12-01
NCT06811142
"Early Botulinum Toxin for Muscle Stiffness Reduction in First-Time Stroke Patients: Improving Recovery and Independence"; n 200; "Modified Ashworth Scale"; 2030-02-01
NCT06902805
"Efficacy of Two Ultrasound-guided Intra-articular Injections of Botox® Combined With Custom-made Rigid Splinting in Painful Base-of-thumb Osteoarthritis."; n 120; "Base-of-thumb pain on a self-administered 11-point numeric rating scale"; 2028-11
NCT06937944
"Efficacy and Safety of Recombinant Botulinum Toxin Type A (Eveotox) for Injection to Treat Moderate to Severe Glabellar Lines"; n 669; "Primary Outcome Measure"; 2026-08
NCT07018700
"A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Xeomin® Injections for Preventing Episodic Migraine"; n 990; "Change in monthly migraine days from baseline (28 days before baseline visit) to Month 6 (weeks 21 to 24 after first injection) - Dose A"; 2027-10
NCT07018713
"A Clinical Trial to Evaluate Efficacy and Safety of Xeomin® Injections for Preventing Chronic Migraine"; n 780; "Change in monthly migraine days from baseline (28 days before baseline visit) to Month 6 (weeks 21 to 24 after first injection) - Dose A"; 2028-03
NCT07122193
"A Study of NT 201 in Adults With Moderate to Severe Platysma Prominence in the United States"; n 300; "Composite Achievement of Grade 1 or Grade 2 And at Least a 2-Grade Improvement From Baseline Based on Both the Investigator's Assessment and Participant's Self-Assessment Using the Merz Aesthetics Platysma Scale - Dynamic (MAPS-D) At Week…"; 2028-01
NCT07210463
"A Study of NT 201 in Adults With Moderate to Severe Platysma Prominence in Europe (PLATINUM EU)"; n 300; "Composite Achievement of Grade 1 or Grade 2 and at Least a 2-Grade Improvement From Baseline Based on Both the Investigator's Assessment and Participant's Self-Assessment Using the Merz Aesthetics Platysma Scale Dynamic (MAPSD) At Week 2…"; 2027-11
NCT07220382
"Preoperative BOTOX® Injection for Large Ventral Hernia Repair"; n 188; "Primary Fascial Closure (PFC) at conclusion of Hernia Surgery (Yes / No, determined by surgeon)"; 2029-12-15
NCT07535723
"Botulinum Toxin and/or Greater Occipital Nerve Block for Patients With Chronic Migraine"; n 90; "Proportion of participants achieving ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days (MMD)"; 2026-12
NCT07537855
"Efficacy of Intracavernosal Xeomin With Tadalafil for Mild-Moderate Erectile Dysfunction"; n 30; "Change in erectile function"; 2028-09
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which running trial of Abobotulinumtoxina could settle function?
NCT04908423 measures Change in Instrumented Timed Up and Go test time, reading out 2027-04.
1 open trial; n 20; "Xeomin® and Gait Related Mobility After Stroke"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT04908423
"Xeomin® and Gait Related Mobility After Stroke"; n 20; "Change in Instrumented Timed Up and Go test time"; 2027-04
Q9
Which 110 trials of Abobotulinumtoxina posted no result?
Posted no result
110 of 110 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00004416, NCT00234507, NCT00651729, NCT00301665, NCT00247559 and NCT00651690, and 104 more
Completion dates
oldest 2002-03; newest 2024-07-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00004416
2002-03
NCT00234507
2004-05-25
NCT00651729
2004-12
NCT00301665
2005-03
NCT00247559
2005-04-08
NCT00651690
2005-05
14 further recorded trials
NCT00168441
2005-06
NCT00246155
2005-07-01
NCT00168402
2005-10
NCT00179114
2006-02
NCT00149240
2006-02-02
NCT00178945
2006-03
NCT00434863
2006-03
NCT00134810
2006-05-18
NCT00282958
2006-07
NCT00216411
2006-07-20
NCT00210444
2006-12
NCT00989209
2006-12
NCT00276315
2007-01
NCT00168480
2007-04
Q10
At the median, Abobotulinumtoxina's trials enrolled 92 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
92
Largest enrolment
1372
Registered trials counted
391
Q11
What do 13257 spontaneous reports say about Abobotulinumtoxina — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Abobotulinumtoxina appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 13257 reaction mentions were counted: therapeutic response decreased 3271; injection site pain 2154; eyelid ptosis 1645; headache 1616. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1201574 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
therapeutic response decreased
3271
injection site pain
2154
eyelid ptosis
1645
headache
1616
dysphagia
879
muscular weakness
862
4 more recorded rows
injection site swelling
783
wrong technique in product usage process
722
therapeutic product effect decreased
690
vision blurred
635
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
Was Abobotulinumtoxina studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Abobotulinumtoxina's label sentences: "Eight studies were included, 4 placebo trials (3 comparing hyaluronic acid (HA) with saline, 1 comparing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with saline) and 4 randomized comparative trials (comparing differing HA regimens, HA with exercise, botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) with exercise + HA and…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-19
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
Eight studies were included, 4 placebo trials (3 comparing hyaluronic acid (HA) with saline, 1 comparing platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with saline) and 4 randomized comparative trials (comparing differing HA regimens, HA with exercise, botulinum toxin type-A (BoNT-A) with exercise + HA and corticosteroids (CS) with CS + HA, respectively).ResultsHA seems to be an effective form of management for AOA,…
recorded 2026-08-19 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
What is recorded about Abobotulinumtoxina and mTOR?
"Platelet cytoplasmic calcium flux was similar in the presence and absence of mTOR, whereas clot retraction was reduced in the absence of platelet mTOR, suggesting a role for mTOR in selectively regulating Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1)-dependent pathways involved in sustained platelet function." — where Abobotulinumtoxina and mTOR appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-03-05
"Platelet cytoplasmic calcium flux was similar in the presence and absence of mTOR, whereas clot retraction was reduced in the absence of platelet mTOR, suggesting a role for mTOR in selectively regulating Rac1 (Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1)-dependent pathways involved in sustained platelet function."
senolyticPMID 41471101
"In these regards, a concise overview on senolytic/senomorphic agents, topical nutrigenomic pathways' modulators and DNA repair enzymes, epigenetic small molecules agents, microRNAs and HOTAIRS's modulators, is illustrated in comparison to classical approaches such as tretinoin and peptide-based cosmeceuticals, topical serum with growth factors, intense pulsed light, laser and microneedling…"
mTORPMID 41501416
"By integrated approaches including bioinformatics, molecular dynamics, CETSA and functional assays, we found that β-SIT inhibited mTOR pathway activation by directly targeting Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) in MASH mice."
autophagyPMID 38364733
"HACE1 interacts with its substrates, including Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR), and optineurin (OPTN), through which participates in several pathophysiological processes, such as oxidative stress, autophagy and inflammation."
mTORPMID 37806949
"By analyzing the intersection between the protein-protein interaction and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, we identified several potential protein targets of QDR, including RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase (AKT1), Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3), serine/threonine-protein kinase mTOR (mTOR), epidermal growth…"
autophagyPMID 36285562
"Overexpression of MicroRNA-133a Inhibits Apoptosis and Autophagy in a Cell Model of Parkinson's Disease by Downregulating Ras-Related C3 Botulinum Toxin Substrate 1 (RAC1)."
4 more recorded rows
IGF-1PMID 30427927
"Expression of the miR-133a/b target genes RhoA, Tgfb1 and Ctfg, and the miR-1/206 target genes Igf-1 and Hdac4, were upregulated at 28 days after Botulinum toxin A injection."
AMPKPMID 29494287
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether improve nitric oxide (NO) release in the brain, either through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or reduced Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1)-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, thereby reducing blood pressure (BP) in rats with fructose-induced hypertension."
NAD+PMID 30723080
"Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 2 (RAC2), through interactions with reduced NAD phosphate oxidase component p67 <sup><i>phox</i></sup> , activates neutrophil superoxide production, whereas interactions with p21-activated kinase are necessary for fMLF-induced actin remodeling."
AMPKPMID 34645146
"After 24 h of culture, the protein expressions of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), phosphorylated AMPK (p-AMPK), Ras related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1), and actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp 2/3) complex, subunit 1B (ARPC1B) in the cells were detected by Western blotting, and the Rac1 activity of the cells was detected by activated magnetic bead pull-down test."
recorded 2026-03-05 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
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