This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Atomoxetine does in the body
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
From the FDA-approved label: The precise mechanism by which atomoxetine produces its therapeutic effects in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is unknown, but is thought to be related to selective inhibition of the pre-synaptic norepinephrine transporter, as determined in ex vivo uptake and neurotransmitter depletion studies.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 57WVB6I2W0 · read 2026-08-29
Its recorded molecular formula is C17H21NO•HCL, weighing 291.82.
US prescribing information · 92de0ca1-6a02-4925-aefc-b32573d349a7 · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 61 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Biomarker
A biomarker is a number from a test that stands in for something about health.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A biomarker is like a fuel gauge.
Where that stops being true. A gauge is wired to the tank. Many biomarkers are only loosely tied to health.
What people get wrong. A better number is read as a better life. Several medicines improved a number and helped nobody.
A measurable indicator used as a substitute for a clinical outcome of interest.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Focus
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Sleep
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Financial impact on the total cost of patient care resulting from implementation of a Pharmacogenetics testing program within a safety-net and Academic healthcare system
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02297126
How many people
4465
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Health-related quality of life
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07679282
How many people
2400
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Percentage of Participants Who Maintain a Satisfactory Response During the Double-Blind Maintenance/Randomized Withdrawal Period
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00700427
How many people
2017
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Categorical Changes in Vital Signs (Blood Pressure [BP], Pulse, Weight, Temperature) During the Study
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00190684
How many people
1553
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Observed and change from baseline measures for ADHD-RS total scores will be summarized by descriptive statistics and analyzed by repeated measures of analysis of covariance.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00866996
How many people
1323
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AES) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06566820
How many people
1280
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.No registered study measures this.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.2 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.7 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
□AnimalsNo evidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.No animal record is stored.
□Cells in a dishNo evidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.No cell or bench record is stored.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
clinical global impression
adult adhd investigator symptom rating scale
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
increase in heart rate standing
level of catecholamines in blood from baseline
systolic blood pressure
diastolic blood pressure
heart rate
blood level concentrations of the drugs in use
maximum observed plasma concentration
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (31)
global assessment of functioning
adhd rs total
sleep onset latency
safety
cardiovascular responses
adhd rating scale iv
adverse events leading to discontinuation
effects of adhd medication versus placebo on cotinine levels
brown attention deficit disorder scale
transient ischemic attack
executive function test
time to first response
chinese version of snap iv rating scale
attention network effects
receptor occupancy
rapid visual information processing
adhd rating scale
correct inhibition in assessed the go no go task
treatment retention
snap iv teacher and parent rating scale
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 5 hours hours
Read from the label, which states: “Atomoxetine has a half-life of about 5 hours.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Atomoxetine hydrochloride is a selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor indicated for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). (1.1) 1.1 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Atomoxetine capsules are indicated for the treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Anyone considering the use of atomoxetine hydrochloride in a child or adolescent must balance the potential risks with the clinical need [see Boxed Warning and Warnings and Precautions (5.1) ].”
US prescribing information · 92de0ca1-6a02-4925-aefc-b32573d349a7 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “The safety, efficacy and pharmacokinetics of atomoxetine hydrochloride in geriatric patients have not been evaluated.”
US prescribing information · 92de0ca1-6a02-4925-aefc-b32573d349a7 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Exposure Registry There is a pregnancy exposure registry that monitors pregnancy outcomes in women exposed to ADHD medications, including atomoxetine hydrochloride, during pregnancy.”
US prescribing information · 92de0ca1-6a02-4925-aefc-b32573d349a7 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of atomoxetine or its metabolite in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · 92de0ca1-6a02-4925-aefc-b32573d349a7 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S6.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as capsule, solution, given by the oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Atomoxetine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 2386 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
suicidal ideation — 461 reaction mentions
aggression — 318 reaction mentions
abnormal behaviour — 222 reaction mentions
anxiety — 217 reaction mentions
depression — 211 reaction mentions
somnolence — 204 reaction mentions
insomnia — 198 reaction mentions
tachycardia — 190 reaction mentions
agitation — 187 reaction mentions
tic — 178 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
170 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 170 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65862-239 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as capsule, powder and solution, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65862-239 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor [epc] and norepinephrine uptake inhibitors [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 65862-239 · read 2026-08-29
51 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 51 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 92de0ca1-6a02-4925-aefc-b32573d349a7 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 92de0ca1-6a02-4925-aefc-b32573d349a7 · read 2026-08-29
Atomoxetine is oral at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Each capsule contains atomoxetine HCl equivalent to 10 mg (Opaque white, opaque white), 18 mg (Opaque dark gold, opaque white), 25 mg (Opaque dark blue, opaque white), 40 mg (Opaque dark blu…, recorded as fda label in effect 2023-10-20 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 92de0ca1-6a02-4925-aefc-b32573d349a7 · read 2026-08-30
Recorded price in US: 0.31707–0.53999 USD per one unit as the pricing file counts it — a tablet, capsule, patch or single item, across 73 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Atomoxetine studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Atomoxetine are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
How many documents were read
50 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
45 of them state the same halfLife, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
50 of them state the same bioavailability, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
45 of them state the same tMax, and they agree.
RNAWiki source record
5 of them state the same proteinBinding, and they agree.
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Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
57WVB6I2W0
RxNorm concept
349595
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How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
13 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA021411, approved 20021126 to LILLY.
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5 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (11)
Q2
What did Atomoxetine's largest trial (430000 people) and its longest (33 years) measure?
430000 people in Atomoxetine's largest registered study, 33 years in its longest registered window, measuring Blood level concentrations of the drugs in use;. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
58 phase4, 46 phase2, 35 phase3, 18 phase1, 14 na, 14 na or unstated, 3 early phase1; NCT00262470; 2029-12; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2025, NCT02879136.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Atomoxetine was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase4
58
phase2
46
phase3
35
phase1
18
na
14
na or unstated
14
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
3
Last recorded human testNCT02879136
2025-12-12
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
Atomoxetine was tested only in human — what did it show?
Interpretation Blood level concentrations of the drugs in use; — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
humanNCT01057329
biomarker; Blood level concentrations of the drugs in use;; 176
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
11 of Atomoxetine's trials stopped: accrual/recruitment, funding/business, other?
accrual/recruitment (5), funding/business (3) and other (3): Atomoxetine's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"Insufficient number of interested potentital subjects"; 11 of 176 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00299234
terminated; "Insufficient number of interested potentital subjects"
NCT00548327
terminated; "The scientific director decided to terminate: low priority study with slow accrual"
NCT00562055
withdrawn; "This study was withdrawn due to business reasons."
NCT00687609
terminated; "The study was discontinued early, owing to difficulties in recruiting the target sample after seven patients had been recruited."
NCT01019707
terminated; "End in funding"
NCT01127646
terminated; "Due to lack of availability of study participants to accommodate the study design"
5 further recorded trials
NCT01207622
withdrawn; "Poor enrollment"
NCT01802515
terminated; "No funding stopped recruitment march 2014 with only 14 enrolled"
NCT02046551
withdrawn; "funding lost"
NCT03808740
terminated; "Due to COVID-19 pandemic, recruitment was stopped. All the weight loss surgeries were stopped.. Weight Loss clinic (VWL) was closed for IN person visits. We could not recruit any participant for Non surgical weight loss category."
NCT04354103
terminated; "experimental treatment (Atomoxetine) not available"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Atomoxetine used atomoxetine 0.5 mg/kg/day — over how long?
5 recorded entries; human; also "atomoxetine 0.5 mg/kg/day", "atomoxetine 1.2 mg/kg/day", "atomoxetine 1.2-1.4 mg/kg/day"
Show the evidence
human
NCT00192023
atomoxetine 0.5 mg/kg/day
NCT00192023
atomoxetine 1.2 mg/kg/day
NCT00192023
atomoxetine 1.2-1.4 mg/kg/day
NCT02287038
Atomoxetine 80 MG
NCT05944965
Atomoxetine 80 mg plus Oxybutynin 5 mg
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Atomoxetine's half-life is 5 hours — which schedules were studied?
5 hours, the half-life Atomoxetine's label states. openfda-label · 132852a6-5bff-15dd-255c-98309dd83630 · 2026-08-30
bioavailability 63% %.
Show the evidence
half life
5 hours hours; Atomoxetine has a half-life of about 5 hours.
bioavailability
63% %; Absorption and distribution - Atomoxetine is rapidly absorbed after oral administration, with absolute bioavailability of about 63% in Ems and 94% in PMs.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of adhd rating scale, adhd rating scale iv and adhd rs total did Atomoxetine's trials measure?
adhd rating scale, adhd rating scale iv and adhd rs total lead 40 outcome terms across Atomoxetine's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation clinical global impression, increase in heart rate standing, safety, cardiovascular responses, adhd rating scale iv and adverse events leading to discontinuation follow.
Show the evidence
global assessment of functioning
1
adhd rs total
1
sleep onset latency
1
clinical global impression
1
increase in heart rate standing
1
safety
1
14 more recorded rows
cardiovascular responses
1
adhd rating scale iv
1
adverse events leading to discontinuation
1
effects of adhd medication versus placebo on cotinine levels
1
brown attention deficit disorder scale
1
transient ischemic attack
1
level of catecholamines in blood from baseline
1
adult adhd investigator symptom rating scale
1
systolic blood pressure
1
diastolic blood pressure
1
heart rate
1
blood level concentrations of the drugs in use
1
executive function test
1
time to first response
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Atomoxetine's 10 ongoing trials reports first?
Increase in heart rate with standing; Number of patients with improved CONNERS scale; latest 2031-03
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00262470
"Treatment of Orthostatic Intolerance"; n 150; "Increase in heart rate with standing"; 2029-12
NCT04216186
"Role of Coenzyme Q in ADHD in Children"; n 40; "Number of patients with improved CONNERS scale"; 2030-12-01
NCT05159687
"Study of Atomoxetine in the Prevention of Vasovagal Syncope"; n 180; "The primary outcome measure will be the proportion of patients having at least one syncope recurrence."; 2027-09
NCT06573970
"Atomoxetine and Executive Function in PTSD"; n 160; "Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Adult (BRIEF-A)"; 2029-09-28
NCT06841666
"Evaluating the Efficacy of Atomoxetine in Reducing Primary Nocturnal Enuresis in Children With ADHD: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study"; n 100; "Frequency of nocturnal enuresis episodes, recorded by parents in a nightly log."; 2025-09-05
NCT06899178
"Atomoxetine in Melanocortin Obesity Syndrome"; n 20; "Body Mass Index (BMI)"; 2028-06
4 further recorded trials
NCT07239791
"Role of the Noradrenergic System in the Regulation of Learning Dynamics: Evaluation of the Effect of a Low-dose Selective Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor (NOISYXETINE)"; n 160; "Apparent Learning rate"; 2027-12
NCT07316296
"Pharmacologically Modulating the Noradrenergic Arousal System to Reduce Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: a Multi-centre and Multi-modal Approach"; n 60; "The percentage of time frozen in the dopaminergic OFF-state"; 2027-12-31
NCT07724132
"An Evaluation of Treatments for Sustained Clinical Response (18 Months) in Symptomatic Alzheimer's Disease"; n 1200; "Change in Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-Cog) score"; 2031-03
NCT07771595
"Study of the Effects of Atomoxetine on Motivation"; n 40; "Effort-based choice behaviour during the Apple Gathering Task"; 2027-10
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which 69 trials of Atomoxetine posted no result?
Posted no result
69 of 69 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00485628, NCT00486122, NCT00506727, NCT00485849, NCT00486083 and NCT00557960, and 63 more
Completion dates
oldest 2003-10; newest 2023-05-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00485628
2003-10
NCT00486122
2004-06
NCT00506727
2004-07-02
NCT00485849
2004-10
NCT00486083
2004-10
NCT00557960
2004-10-25
14 further recorded trials
NCT00485459
2004-11
NCT00485862
2005-01
NCT00485875
2005-01
NCT00386581
2005-02
NCT00485550
2005-03
NCT00485407
2005-06
NCT00167297
2005-07
NCT00181740
2005-07
NCT00190931
2005-07
NCT00174226
2006-01
NCT00190957
2006-01
NCT00191009
2006-01
NCT00191516
2006-02
NCT00191737
2006-02
Q10
At the median, Atomoxetine's trials enrolled 61 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
61
Largest enrolment
430000
Registered trials counted
174
Q11
What do 2386 spontaneous reports say about Atomoxetine — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Atomoxetine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 2386 reaction mentions were counted: suicidal ideation 461; aggression 318; abnormal behaviour 222; anxiety 217. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1702 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
suicidal ideation
461
aggression
318
abnormal behaviour
222
anxiety
217
depression
211
somnolence
204
4 more recorded rows
insomnia
198
tachycardia
190
agitation
187
tic
178
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
Atomoxetine and CYP2D6 and CYP2C19: shared by which compounds?
CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 appear in Atomoxetine's recorded interaction sentences, 9 in all. openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
N-Desmethylatomoxetine is formed by CYP2C19 and other cytochrome P450 enzymes, but has substantially less pharmacological activity compared with atomoxetine and circulates in plasma at lower concentrations (5% of atomoxetine concentration in Ems and 45% of atomoxetine concentration in PMs).
CYP2D6
pharmacokinetics
It is eliminated primarily by oxidative metabolism through the cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) enzymatic pathway and subsequent glucuronidation.
pharmacokinetics
A fraction of the population (about 7% of Caucasians and 2% of African Americans) are poor metabolizers (PMs) of CYP2D6 metabolized drugs.
pharmacokinetics
Metabolism and elimination - Atomoxetine is metabolized primarily through the CYP2D6 enzymatic pathway.
pharmacokinetics
Laboratory tests are available to identify CYP2D6 PMs.
pharmacokinetics
Atomoxetine did not inhibit or induce the CYP2D6 pathway.
clinical_pharmacology
Cardiac Electrophysiology — The effect of atomoxetine hydrochloride on QTc prolongation was evaluated in a randomized, double-blinded, positive-(moxifloxacin 400 mg) and placebo-controlled, cross-over study in healthy male CYP2D6 poor metabolizers.
2 more recorded rows
CYP2D6pharmacokinetics
Drugs that inhibit CYP2D6, such as fluoxetine, paroxetine, and quinidine, cause similar increases in exposure.
CYP2D6pharmacokinetics
Coadministration of atomoxetine hydrochloride with potent inhibitors of CYP2D6, such as fluoxetine, paroxetine, or quinidine, results in a substantial increase in atomoxetine plasma exposure, and dosing adjustment may be necessary [see Warnings and Precautions (5.13) ].
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 9 source rows
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