This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Apixaban does in the body
Apixaban blocks one enzyme near the point where the chain converges and multiplies, so far less thrombin is produced and clots form much more slowly.
Clotting is a chain reaction where each step makes much more of the next. Unlike warfarin it acts directly on the enzyme rather than on how the liver builds it, so it works within hours and needs no blood test to guide the dose.
Why people take it. Used to prevent stroke and to treat or prevent blood clots.
What happened in people
Compared with warfarin, apixaban caused fewer strokes, less major bleeding and fewer deaths.
✓ Reviewed first-read answer
Where this came from
A person wrote this and a reviewer approved it against this exact record. It carries no effect size.
A reviewer approved this against this record. The reviewed-claim record carrying the exact population and effect size does not exist yet.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Most of the stroke difference came from fewer brain bleeds, not fewer clot-caused strokes.
Where it acts
Circulating plasma and the prothrombinase complex on activated platelet membranes
Kind of result
The kind of result is not recorded
Supervision
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
What the registries record it as
Its recorded molecular formula is C25H25N5O4, weighing 459.5.
US prescribing information · 33a9046a-41cc-46c1-becc-2ff4d7d71538 · read 2026-08-30
Where each sentence above came from
A person wrote this explanation into the record, with the studies named in the path below.
A reviewer approved this sentence against this exact record and its sources.
The limit a reviewer approved as the one that matters most here.
The four opening statements run to 93 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Randomisation
Randomisation means chance decides who gets which treatment.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like a coin toss deciding the groups.
Where that stops being true. A coin toss is fair once. Fairness here comes from doing it for everyone.
What people get wrong. It is thought to make groups identical. It makes them similar on average, including on things nobody measured.
Allocation of participants to arms by a chance process, so that unmeasured factors are balanced in expectation.
Absolute difference
An absolute difference is how many more people in a hundred were affected.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like counting heads in two rooms of a hundred.
Where that stops being true. Heads are easy to count. Study results carry a margin of error too.
What people get wrong. It is confused with a percentage change, which can look far larger.
The arithmetic difference in event rates between arms.
Confidence interval
A confidence interval is the range the true answer is likely to sit in.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like a weather forecast giving a range rather than one number.
Where that stops being true. A forecast range covers tomorrow. This one covers what the study could resolve.
What people get wrong. The middle number is read as the answer. A range crossing zero means no change is still possible.
An interval estimate that would contain the true parameter in a stated proportion of repeated studies.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Pain
pain as measured by visual analog scale
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
1 registered symptom measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Ischaemic or haemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
ARISTOTLE (NCT00412984)
How many people
18201
Study design
Randomised double-blind active-controlled trial, median 1.8 years
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
HR 0.79 (95% CI 0.66-0.95), P < 0.001 for non-inferiority and P = 0.01 for superiority
Repeated elsewhere
Replicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Ischaemic or uncertain-type stroke was not significantly reduced (HR 0.92, p=0.42). The composite advantage came from haemorrhagic stroke.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral tablet, twice daily, in two strengths
Interval reported. 95% CI 0
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke added to antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
APPRAISE-2 (NCT00831441)
How many people
7392
Study design
Randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trial, terminated early, median 241 days
Compared against
A dummy treatment
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
HR 0.95 (95% CI 0.80-1.11), P = 0.51
Repeated elsewhere
Failed to Replicate
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. TIMI major bleeding HR 2.59 (1.50-4.46), p=0.001, with more intracranial and fatal bleeding. The trial was stopped for harm without benefit.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral tablet, twice daily, in two strengths
Interval reported. 95% CI 0
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
Stroke or systemic embolism in device-detected subclinical atrial fibrillation of 6 minutes to 24 hours
✓ The study showed what it set out to show
Who was studied
ARTESIA (NCT01938248)
How many people
4012
Study design
Randomised double-blind double-dummy active-controlled trial, mean 3.5 years
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
HR 0.63 (95% CI 0.45-0.88), P = 0.007
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. Meeting one endpoint in one population does not carry to other goals or other people.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. Major bleeding 1.71% against 0.94% per patient-year, HR 1.80 (1.26-2.57), p=0.001 — an absolute bleeding increase larger than the absolute stroke reduction.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral tablet, twice daily, in two strengths
Interval reported. 95% CI 0
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.8 registered measures of this kind. 2 written-up studies measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.1 registered measure of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
□AnimalsNo evidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.No animal record is stored.
□Cells in a dishNo evidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.No cell or bench record is stored.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it changes in the body◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
The path through the body
From what a person takes to what changes. A solid line is a step measured in people. A dashed line is a step nobody has measured that way.
Where a source records it acting
Blood and vessels: Factor Xa inhibitor; reduces the risk of stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
US prescribing information · 095a08ac-cf0e-497e-a682-ddef38d6b29c · read 2026-08-27
Start
Apixaban
What a person takes: Oral tablet, twice daily, in two strengths.
The measurement behind this step
Twice daily with or without food. No routine coagulation monitoring is used, which removes the burden of the INR clinic and also removes the mechanism that would detect a patient who has stopped taking it. Absorption is dissolution-limited at higher strengths, which is why particle size is a manufacturing specification.
Getting in
Absorbed within hours and cleared by several routes at once
The tablet works within a few hours. The body removes it by a mixture of liver metabolism, gut excretion and kidney clearance, so no single route dominates.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Oral bioavailability is about 50%, with peak concentration at 3 to 4 hours and a half-life around 12 hours. Elimination is multi-route: roughly 27% renal, with CYP3A4-mediated metabolism, biliary and direct intestinal excretion accounting for the remainder. Because no single pathway carries the whole load, renal impairment affects apixaban less than the other factor Xa inhibitors.
Its target floats in the blood and assembles on the surface of activated platelets. Nothing has to be transported into a cell.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
Factor Xa circulates free and assembles with factor Va, calcium and anionic phospholipid on activated platelet membranes to form the prothrombinase complex. Apixaban inhibits both free and complex-bound factor Xa, and factor Xa within a formed clot — the pharmacological gap that heparins, which act indirectly through antithrombin, cannot reach.
A rigid bicycle spans two pockets of the enzyme at once
The molecule is stiff and holds two arms exactly the right distance apart to fill two neighbouring grooves in the enzyme, which is why it binds so tightly.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
The fused pyrazolo-pyridinone core is planar and conformationally locked, positioning the 4-methoxyphenyl group in the S1 pocket and the phenyl-valerolactam in the S4 aryl-binding box. Unusually for a factor Xa inhibitor, the S1 group is neutral rather than a basic amidine, which is what gives the molecule oral bioavailability where the earlier amidine-containing inhibitors had none.
Thrombin generation collapses at the amplification step
Because each blocked enzyme would have produced about a thousand molecules of the next one, blocking it here has an outsized effect on how much clotting protein gets made.
╌╌Described, with no measurement named. No measurement is named for this step, so it is drawn as an unconfirmed link.
The measurement behind this step
One molecule of factor Xa in the prothrombinase complex generates on the order of a thousand thrombin molecules, so inhibition at this node throttles the cascade before amplification. Thrombin generation falls, and with it fibrin formation, thrombin-mediated platelet activation and factor XIII-mediated clot stabilisation. Platelet function itself is untouched, which is why apixaban and antiplatelet drugs have additive bleeding risk — the mechanism behind APPRAISE-2.
Fewer strokes and fewer brain bleeds than warfarin, and more bleeding than aspirin
Against warfarin the drug wins on strokes, bleeding and deaths at once. Against aspirin it prevents far more strokes at the cost of more bleeding. Added on top of antiplatelet drugs, it bleeds without helping.
──Measured in people. Written by a person from the study named beside the step. Not signed off as a reviewed claim.
The measurement behind this step
In ARISTOTLE, stroke or systemic embolism 1.27% against 1.60% per year, major bleeding 2.13% against 3.09%, death 3.52% against 3.94%. In ARTESIA, stroke 0.78% against 1.24% per patient-year with major bleeding 1.71% against 0.94%. In APPRAISE-2, ischaemic hazard ratio 0.95 with TIMI major bleeding hazard ratio 2.59.
No suggested links are held for this record, so nothing is hidden from this path.
What we know
The record describes 5 steps from taking it to an effect in a person.
How we know it
Each step names the study behind it in the technical detail beside it.
What this does not prove
A change inside the body is a reason to look. It is not a result in a person.
Why it matters
A reader can see exactly where the chain stops being measured in people.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim binds any of these steps to a named population.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
pain as measured by visual analog scale
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
decrease in the hemoglobin level of 2 per deciliter or more
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
new stroke
all cause death
death and serious cardiovascular events
rate of clinically overt thromboses or vascular death
death
ischemic stroke
hemorrhagic stroke
incidence of hospitalization events
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (30)
cmax
clinically significant hematoma
days on anticoagulation
adverse events and serious aes
major bleed
pts assessment completion
coronary artery calcium
major bleeding event
intracranial hemorrhage
incidence of major bleeding
composite of demographic characteristics age gender and race
concomitant treatments relevant active substances
risk of thromboembolic event based on the chads2
risk of thromboembolic event based on the cha2ds2 vasc
risk of bleeding based on the has bled
gender
race
screened who are eligible to participate in the trial
eligible who consent to participate in the trial
who attend each follow up visit
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. approximately 12 hours hours
Read from the label, which states: “Apixaban has a total clearance of approximately 3.3 L/hour and an apparent half-life of approximately 12 hours following oral administration.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Very widely used for stroke prevention in non-valvular atrial fibrillation and for venous thromboembolism. It is not an option for mechanical heart valves or moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Who a named study recorded including and excluding
It included: Males and females ≥ 18 yrs with atrial fibrillation (AF) and one or more of the following risk factors for stroke:; Age ≥ 75, previous stroke; transient ischemic attack (TIA) or Systemic Embolism (SE); Symptomatic congestive heart failure or left ventricular dysfunction with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 40%; Diabetes mellitus or hypertension requiring pharmacological treatment.
ClinicalTrials.gov record · NCT00412984 · read 2026-08-27
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Safety and effectiveness in pediatric patients have not been established.”
US prescribing information · 33a9046a-41cc-46c1-becc-2ff4d7d71538 · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “Of the total subjects in the ARISTOTLE and AVERROES clinical studies, >69% were 65 years of age and older, and >31% were 75 years of age and older.”
US prescribing information · 33a9046a-41cc-46c1-becc-2ff4d7d71538 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary The limited available data on ELIQUIS use in pregnant women are insufficient to inform drug-associated risks of major birth defects, miscarriage, or adverse developmental outcomes.”
US prescribing information · 33a9046a-41cc-46c1-becc-2ff4d7d71538 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of apixaban or its metabolites in human milk, the effects on the breastfed child, or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · 33a9046a-41cc-46c1-becc-2ff4d7d71538 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “No dose adjustment is required in patients with mild hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh class A).”
US prescribing information · 33a9046a-41cc-46c1-becc-2ff4d7d71538 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “In patients with ESRD maintained on intermittent hemodialysis, administration of ELIQUIS at the usually recommended dose [see Dosage and Administration (2.1) ] will result in concentrations of apixaban and pharmacodynamic activity similar to those observed in the ARISTOTLE study [see Clinical Pharmacology (12.3) ] .”
US prescribing information · 33a9046a-41cc-46c1-becc-2ff4d7d71538 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
APPRAISE-2 was terminated after 7,392 patients for increased major bleeding without a counterbalancing ischaemic reduction
ADOPT found extended apixaban prophylaxis no more effective than short-course enoxaparin and more likely to cause major bleeding
The ischaemic stroke component of ARISTOTLE, the endpoint the drug was designed to change, did not reach significance
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral tablet, twice daily, in two strengths
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
RNAWiki has not recorded a supervision or regulatory status for this substance.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
No register row and no identity class settled the question.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Twice daily with or without food. No routine coagulation monitoring is used, which removes the burden of the INR clinic and also removes the mechanism that would detect a patient who has stopped taking it. Absorption is dissolution-limited at higher strengths, which is why particle size is a manufacturing specification.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
·Worth asking a clinician aboutWritten into the record from the studies named on this page
The US label carries two boxed warnings: increased risk of thrombotic events including stroke on premature discontinuation, and spinal or epidural haematoma with neuraxial anaesthesia or spinal puncture. Bleeding is the principal risk and is additive with antiplatelet drugs, as APPRAISE-2 demonstrated. Combined strong CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein inhibitors or inducers change exposure. It is contraindicated in mechanical heart valves.
Nobody counted how many people took this and were fine, so this cannot be turned into a rate.
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Apixaban appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 11556 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral tablet, twice daily, in two strengths
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
No routine coagulation monitoring is used, which removes the burden of the INR clinic and also removes the mechanism that would detect a patient who has stopped taking it. Absorption is dissolution-limited at higher strengths, which is why particle size is a manufacturing specification.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on which forms are sold and how they compare.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
68 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 68 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 71610-662 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as capsule, powder, tablet, film coated and tablet, for suspension, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 71610-662 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is factor xa inhibitor [epc] and factor xa inhibitors [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 71610-662 · read 2026-08-29
11 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 11 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 33a9046a-41cc-46c1-becc-2ff4d7d71538 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · 33a9046a-41cc-46c1-becc-2ff4d7d71538 · read 2026-08-29
Apixaban is tablets (film coated) at 2.5 mg and 5 mg, recorded as prescription product; fda label in effect 2021-06-15 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 095a08ac-cf0e-497e-a682-ddef38d6b29c · read 2026-08-27
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
RNAWiki could not confidently classify this substance, so no self-experiment plan is offered.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Apixaban studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Claims that go past the evidence
Things said about this substance that sound reasonable, and the exact step that is missing between the evidence and the claim.
✗Goes past the evidence
That apixaban prevents thromboembolic stroke better than warfarin — ischaemic stroke gave a hazard ratio of 0.92 with p=0.42
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That a drug superior to warfarin in atrial fibrillation will help in adjacent settings — APPRAISE-2 and ADOPT both failed, one of them stopped early for harm
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That anticoagulating device-detected brief atrial fibrillation is straightforwardly beneficial — ARTESIA prevented about 5 strokes and caused about 8 major bleeds per 1,000 patient-years
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
✗Goes past the evidence
That apixaban is superior to rivaroxaban — no randomised head-to-head trial exists
Why it sounds right. It follows from something real on this page: a body step, an animal result or a related finding.
The missing step. Nobody measured this in people for this use, or the study that did measure it did not show it.
What would change this
A study in people, for this exact use, measuring this exact thing, that a reviewer signs off.
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Apixaban are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Every line above can be traced to the study named beside it. Follow the link and read it.
ARISTOTLE: better than warfarin on stroke, bleeding and death simultaneously
In plain words
Eighteen thousand patients with atrial fibrillation were randomised to apixaban or well-managed warfarin. Apixaban produced fewer strokes, less major bleeding and fewer deaths — all three at once, which is unusual.
What was measured
Annual rates of stroke or systemic embolism, major bleeding and all-cause death, apixaban versus warfarin
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
ARISTOTLE randomised 18,201 patients with atrial fibrillation and at least one additional stroke risk factor to apixaban 5 mg twice daily or warfarin targeted to an INR of 2.0 to 3.0, median follow-up 1.8 years, designed as a non-inferiority trial with prespecified superiority testing. Stroke or systemic embolism occurred at 1.27% per year against 1.60%: hazard ratio 0.79 (95% CI 0.66 to 0.95), p<0.001 for non-inferiority and p=0.01 for superiority. Major bleeding was 2.13% against 3.09% per year (0.69, 0.60 to 0.80, p<0.001). Death from any cause was 3.52% against 3.94% (0.89, 0.80 to 0.99, p=0.047). Haemorrhagic stroke was 0.24% against 0.47% per year (0.51, 0.35 to 0.75, p<0.001), while ischaemic or uncertain-type stroke was 0.97% against 1.05% (0.92, 0.74 to 1.13, p=0.42).
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
The superiority came from bleeding into the brain, not from preventing clots better
In plain words
Break the stroke result apart and the difference is almost entirely haemorrhagic stroke. Ischaemic strokes — the kind caused by a clot — were not significantly reduced.
What was measured
That apixaban prevents thromboembolic stroke more effectively than warfarin — the ischaemic stroke hazard ratio was 0.92 with p=0.42, and the composite was carried by haemorrhagic stroke
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
In ARISTOTLE, haemorrhagic stroke occurred at 0.24% per year on apixaban against 0.47% on warfarin, hazard ratio 0.51 (95% CI 0.35 to 0.75), p<0.001 — a halving. Ischaemic or uncertain-type stroke occurred at 0.97% against 1.05%, hazard ratio 0.92 (0.74 to 1.13), p=0.42, which does not exclude no effect. Since the primary endpoint pooled both, the headline superiority is driven by the haemorrhagic component. Mechanistically that is coherent: both drugs prevent thromboembolic stroke, and apixaban causes less intracranial bleeding, so an endpoint that counts both kinds of stroke together favours the drug that bleeds less. It matters for interpretation because "apixaban prevents more strokes" and "apixaban causes fewer brain bleeds" are different statements and only the second is clearly demonstrated.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
APPRAISE-2: stopped early for bleeding with no ischaemic benefit at all
In plain words
Adding apixaban on top of antiplatelet drugs after an acute coronary syndrome tripled major bleeding and prevented nothing. The trial was halted after 7,392 patients.
What was measured
Cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke, and TIMI major bleeding, at a median 241 days
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
This entry records a failure.
From the source
APPRAISE-2 randomised patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome and at least two additional risk factors to apixaban 5 mg twice daily or placebo on top of standard antiplatelet therapy. The trial was terminated prematurely after 7,392 patients because of increased major bleeding without a counterbalancing reduction in ischaemic events. At a median 241 days the primary outcome of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction or ischaemic stroke occurred in 279 of 3,705 (7.5%, 13.2 per 100 patient-years) on apixaban against 293 of 3,687 (7.9%, 14.0 per 100 patient-years): hazard ratio 0.95 (95% CI 0.80 to 1.11), p=0.51. TIMI major bleeding occurred in 46 of 3,673 (1.3%, 2.4 per 100 patient-years) against 18 of 3,642 (0.5%, 0.9 per 100 patient-years): hazard ratio 2.59 (1.50 to 4.46), p=0.001, with more intracranial and fatal bleeding on apixaban.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
ADOPT: extended prophylaxis in medical inpatients was not superior and bled more
In plain words
Thirty days of apixaban after a medical hospital admission was tested against a shorter course of an injected drug. It prevented no more clots and caused more major bleeding.
What was measured
Thirty-day composite venous thromboembolism outcome and major bleeding, extended apixaban versus short-course enoxaparin
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
This entry records a failure.
From the source
ADOPT randomised 6,528 acutely ill medical inpatients with heart failure, respiratory failure or another qualifying disorder plus a venous thromboembolism risk factor and an expected stay of at least 3 days, to apixaban 2.5 mg twice daily orally for 30 days or enoxaparin 40 mg subcutaneously once daily for 6 to 14 days. Of 4,495 evaluable for the primary efficacy outcome, the 30-day composite of venous-thromboembolism-related death, pulmonary embolism, symptomatic deep-vein thrombosis or asymptomatic proximal-leg thrombosis on systematic ultrasonography occurred in 2.71% (60 patients) on apixaban against 3.06% (70 patients) on enoxaparin: relative risk 0.87 (95% CI 0.62 to 1.23), p=0.44. Major bleeding by day 30 occurred in 0.47% (15 of 3,184) against 0.19% (6 of 3,217): relative risk 2.58 (1.02 to 7.24), p=0.04.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
AMPLIFY: same efficacy as warfarin in venous thromboembolism with a third of the bleeding
In plain words
For treating clots in the legs and lungs, a fixed-dose oral regimen matched injections plus warfarin for effectiveness and caused about a third as much major bleeding.
What was measured
Recurrent venous thromboembolism or related death, and major bleeding, over 6 months
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
AMPLIFY randomised 5,395 patients with acute venous thromboembolism to apixaban 10 mg twice daily for 7 days then 5 mg twice daily for 6 months, or to conventional therapy with subcutaneous enoxaparin followed by warfarin. Recurrent symptomatic venous thromboembolism or related death occurred in 59 of 2,609 (2.3%) against 71 of 2,635 (2.7%): relative risk 0.84 (95% CI 0.60 to 1.18), risk difference -0.4 percentage points (-1.3 to 0.4), meeting non-inferiority at p<0.001 for both prespecified margins. Major bleeding occurred in 0.6% against 1.8%: relative risk 0.31 (0.17 to 0.55), p<0.001 for superiority. Major plus clinically relevant non-major bleeding was 4.3% against 9.7%: relative risk 0.44 (0.36 to 0.55), p<0.001. Other adverse events were similar.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
ARTESIA: in subclinical atrial fibrillation, fewer strokes and more bleeds
In plain words
Brief episodes of irregular heartbeat picked up by an implanted device present a genuine trade. Anticoagulating them prevented about five strokes per thousand patient-years and caused about eight extra major bleeds.
What was measured
Stroke or systemic embolism and major bleeding per patient-year over a mean 3.5 years
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
ARTESIA randomised 4,012 patients with device-detected subclinical atrial fibrillation lasting 6 minutes to 24 hours, mean age 76.8 years, mean CHA2DS2-VASc 3.9, 36.1% women, to apixaban 5 mg twice daily (2.5 mg where indicated) or aspirin 81 mg daily in a double-blind double-dummy design. After a mean 3.5 years, stroke or systemic embolism occurred in 55 patients on apixaban (0.78% per patient-year) against 86 on aspirin (1.24%): hazard ratio 0.63 (95% CI 0.45 to 0.88), p=0.007. In the on-treatment population, major bleeding was 1.71% per patient-year against 0.94%: hazard ratio 1.80 (1.26 to 2.57), p=0.001. Fatal bleeding occurred in 5 patients on apixaban and 8 on aspirin. The absolute stroke reduction is smaller than the absolute bleeding increase, and which matters more depends on the relative severity attached to each.
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim
AVERROES: against aspirin the trade is one-sided, and the trial was stopped early
In plain words
In people who could not take warfarin, apixaban cut strokes by more than half against aspirin without a significant increase in major bleeding. The monitoring board stopped the trial.
What was measured
Stroke or systemic embolism per year, and major bleeding, apixaban versus aspirin
Effect estimate
No reviewed effect estimate exists for this record.
Limits
See the technical detail.
From the source
AVERROES randomised 5,599 patients with atrial fibrillation at increased stroke risk for whom vitamin K antagonist therapy was unsuitable to apixaban 5 mg twice daily or aspirin 81 to 324 mg daily; 40% had previously used a vitamin K antagonist. The data and safety monitoring board recommended early termination for clear benefit. Over a mean 1.1 years, stroke or systemic embolism occurred in 51 patients on apixaban (1.6% per year) against 113 on aspirin (3.7% per year): hazard ratio 0.45 (95% CI 0.32 to 0.62), p<0.001. Death was 3.5% against 4.4% per year (0.79, 0.62 to 1.02, p=0.07). Major bleeding was 1.4% against 1.2% per year (1.13, 0.74 to 1.75, p=0.57), with 11 intracranial bleeds on apixaban and 13 on aspirin. First cardiovascular hospitalisation fell from 15.9% to 12.6% per year (p<0.001).
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What is not here
3 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
The older medicine-wide conclusion held in this record
Written for a clinical reader, and about the medicine as a whole rather than about one indication, population and set of trials. RNAWiki does not treat it as a programme conclusion and no reviewer has signed it off in that form. It is here word for word because it is what the record holds.
A direct factor Xa inhibitor that reduced stroke, major bleeding and all-cause death against warfarin in 18,201 patients simultaneously — a result no other anticoagulant has produced — while in 7,392 patients after acute coronary syndrome it raised major bleeding 2.6-fold with a hazard ratio of 0.95 for ischaemic events, and that trial was stopped early.
Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q1
What did Apixaban's largest trial (2140403 people) and its longest (12 years) measure?
2140403 people in Apixaban's largest registered study, 12 years in its longest registered window, measuring Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE-Related Mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
77 na or unstated, 68 phase3, 54 phase4, 42 phase2, 31 phase1, 18 na, 3 early phase1; NCT03642509; 2030-10-01. Last human test completed 2026, NCT04618913.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Apixaban was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na or unstated
77
phase3
68
phase4
54
phase2
42
phase1
31
na
18
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
3
Last recorded human testNCT04618913
2026-06-22
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
Apixaban was tested only in human — what did it show?
Interpretation Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE-Related Mortality — the recorded outcome words.
Show the evidence
humanNCT02464969
lifespan; Percentage of Participants With Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) and VTE-Related Mortality; 287
"See termination reason in detailed description."; 28 of 287 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00852397
terminated; "See termination reason in detailed description."
NCT02153424
withdrawn; "Business objectives have changed."
NCT02179177
terminated; "funding has been exhausted"
NCT02378623
withdrawn; "Sponsor withdrew funding - May 2016"
NCT02664155
terminated; "recruiting difficulties"
NCT02749617
terminated; "Study was stopped due to lack of enrollment."
14 further recorded trials
NCT02945280
terminated; "COVID-19 resource allocation"
NCT03136510
terminated; "not enough patients"
NCT03192215
terminated; "The DSMB halted the trial prematurely due to futility without any safety concerns."
NCT03196349
terminated; "Lack of enrollment"
NCT03200613
terminated; "study not feasible due to too slow recruitment"
NCT03398434
withdrawn; "Trial cancelled before First Patient First Visit (no patient enrolled)"
NCT03465735
terminated; "Due to lack of recruitment of eligible participants"
NCT03590743
terminated; "Lack of participant enrollment"
NCT03594045
terminated; "Withdrawal of funding by sponsor"
NCT03678506
terminated; "The study was interrupted after a planned interim analysis for the high rate of primary outcomes (7.3%; 95% confidence interval \[CI\], 4.5-11.2)"
NCT03715725
terminated; "After feasibility assessment and due to delays in data receipt study was terminated"
NCT03839355
terminated; "Study terminated due to slower than anticipated enrollment."
NCT03988842
terminated; "COVID-19 pandemic"
NCT04002011
withdrawn; "Submission process abandoned. No patient enrolled."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q4
Human studies of Apixaban used Apixaban 5 MG Oral Tablet [ELIQUIS] — over how long?
20 recorded entries; human; also "Apixaban 5 MG", "Apixaban 10 MG", "Apixaban 5 mg"
Show the evidence
human
NCT02982590
Apixaban 5 MG Oral Tablet [ELIQUIS]
NCT03083704
Apixaban 5 MG
NCT03083704
Apixaban 10 MG
NCT03136510
Apixaban 5 mg
NCT03196349
Apixaban 2.5 MG
NCT03243175
ELIQUIS 5mg
14 more recorded rows
humanNCT03251482
Apixaban 2.5 mg
humanNCT04243122
Apixaban 2.5 MG Oral Tablet [ELIQUIS]
humanNCT04498273
Apixaban 5MG
humanNCT04504318
Apixaban 2.5 MG Oral Tablet
humanNCT04666454
Apixaban 5 mg Oral Tablet
humanNCT04696120
apixaban 5mg or 2.5mg bid
humanNCT04874428
Apixaban 2.5 mg Oral Tablet
humanNCT04981327
Apixaban 5 MG Oral Tablet
humanNCT05723510
Apixaban 5mg
humanNCT05723510
Eliquis Tab. 5 mg
humanNCT06043297
Eliquis 5 mg
humanNCT06523959
Eliquis 2,5mg
humanNCT06689436
5 mg Apixaban Oral Dissolving Film (fasting)
humanNCT06689436
5 mg Apixaban Oral Dissolving Film (fed)
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Apixaban's half-life is approximately 12 hours — which schedules were studied?
approximately 12 hours, the half-life Apixaban's label states. openfda-label · a454cd24-0c6d-46e8-b1e4-197388606175 · 2026-08-27
bioavailability approximately 50% %.
Show the evidence
half life
approximately 12 hours hours; Apixaban has a total clearance of approximately 3.3 L/hour and an apparent half-life of approximately 12 hours following oral administration.
bioavailability
approximately 50% %; The absolute bioavailability of apixaban is approximately 50% for doses up to 10 mg of apixaban.
metabolism
Metabolism Approximately 25% of an orally administered apixaban dose is recovered in urine and feces as metabolites.
recorded 2026-08-27 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Apixaban's effect on cmax?
Cmax: measured in Apixaban's trials.
Interpretation cmax is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
cmax; 2026-09-01
clinically significant hematoma; 2026-09-01
days on anticoagulation; 2026-09-01
adverse events and serious aes; 2026-09-01
new stroke; 2026-09-01
major bleed; 2026-09-01
14 more recorded rows
biomarkers
pts assessment completion; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
coronary artery calcium; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
major bleeding event; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
all cause death; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
pain as measured by visual analog scale; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
death and serious cardiovascular events; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
intracranial hemorrhage; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
rate of clinically overt thromboses or vascular death; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
incidence of major bleeding; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
decrease in the hemoglobin level of 2 per deciliter or more; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
composite of demographic characteristics age gender and race; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
concomitant treatments relevant active substances; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
risk of thromboembolic event based on the chads2; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
risk of thromboembolic event based on the cha2ds2 vasc; 2026-09-01
half life
2026-09-04; halfLife; hours; approximately 12 hours; 2026-08-27
human trials at or under30
46
smallest human trial
0; NCT02153424; NA_OR_UNSTATED; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q7
Which of adverse events and serious aes, all cause death and clinically significant hematoma did Apixaban's trials measure?
adverse events and serious aes, all cause death and clinically significant hematoma lead 40 outcome terms across Apixaban's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
Interpretation adverse events and serious aes, new stroke, major bleed, pts assessment completion, coronary artery calcium and major bleeding event follow.
Show the evidence
cmax
1
clinically significant hematoma
1
days on anticoagulation
1
adverse events and serious aes
1
new stroke
1
major bleed
1
14 more recorded rows
pts assessment completion
1
coronary artery calcium
1
major bleeding event
1
all cause death
1
pain as measured by visual analog scale
1
death and serious cardiovascular events
1
intracranial hemorrhage
1
rate of clinically overt thromboses or vascular death
1
incidence of major bleeding
1
decrease in the hemoglobin level of 2 per deciliter or more
1
composite of demographic characteristics age gender and race
1
concomitant treatments relevant active substances
1
risk of thromboembolic event based on the chads2
1
risk of thromboembolic event based on the cha2ds2 vasc
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Apixaban's 68 ongoing trials reports first?
Primary efficacy outcome: A composite endpoint of stroke, myocardial infarction, thromboembolic event or all-cause death.; Primary efficacy outcome: a composite endpoint of new venous thromboembolism or all-cause death.; latest 2033-10-03
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03129490
"The Danish Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulation Study in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation"; n 11000; "Primary efficacy outcome: A composite endpoint of stroke, myocardial infarction, thromboembolic event or all-cause death."; 2027-10-30
NCT03129555
"The Danish Non-vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulation Study in Patients With Venous Thromboembolism (DANNOAC-VTE)"; n 5000; "Primary efficacy outcome: a composite endpoint of new venous thromboembolism or all-cause death."; 2029-03-31
NCT03243175
"Avoiding Anticoagulation After IntraCerebral Haemorrhage"; n 300; "Composite of all fatal or non-fatal major cardiovascular/cerebrovascular ischaemic or haemorrhagic intracranial/extracranial events"; 2029-12
NCT03448783
"Bariatric Surgery and Pharmacokinetics of Apixaban"; n 12; "Apixaban concentration in blood serum (area under curve (AUC))"; 2026-12
NCT03642509
"Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Versus Novel Oral Anticoagulation for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation"; n 750; "Composite endpoint of stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), systemic embolism, major bleeding and all-cause mortality."; 2030-10-01
NCT03907046
"Anticoagulation in ICH Survivors for Stroke Prevention and Recovery"; n 700; "Stroke or death"; 2027-04
14 further recorded trials
NCT03968393
"Anticoagulation for Stroke Prevention In Patients With Recent Episodes of Atrial Fibrillation Occurring Transiently With Stress"; n 2270; "Incidence of Non-hemorrhagic stroke or systemic embolism"; 2028-12
NCT04007289
"Apixaban for Intrahepatic Non Cirrhotic Portal Hypertension"; n 166; "Portal venous system thrombosis"; 2026-12-31
NCT04262492
"International Registry of Thrombotic APS Patients Treated With Direct Oral Anticoagulants"; n 500; "Rate of Recurrent Thrombosis"; 2031-04-21
NCT04284839
"The Direct Oral Anticoagulation Versus Vitamin K Antagonist After Cardiac Surgery Trial"; n 3500; "Major Bleeding"; 2027-06
NCT04642430
"COmparison of Bleeding Risk Between Rivaroxaban and Apixaban in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation"; n 3018; "The rate of adjudicated clinically relevant bleeding (CRB) events"; 2027-12-31
NCT04666454
"BROKEN-SWEDEHEART- Optimized Pharmacological Treatment for Broken Heart (Takotsubo) Syndrome."; n 1000; "Randomization 1: First co-primary endpoint: Wall motion score index (defined as the semi-quantitative score according to the American Society of Echocardiography)"; 2028-12
NCT04700826
"Preventing Stroke, Premature Death and Cognitive Decline in a Broader Community of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation"; n 3000; "Composite primary endpoint - Time to first event"; 2031-01
NCT04874428
"Direct Oral Anticoagulants (Rivaroxaban and Apixaban) in Patients With Liver Cirrhosis"; n 24; "Area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) of rivaroxaban"; 2026-12
NCT04981327
"The API-CALF Study: Apixaban to Treat Calf Vein Thrombosis"; n 1300; "Rate of i) symptomatic VTE; ii) major bleeding and clinically relevant non major bleeding (CRNMB); iii) VTE and bleeding related death."; 2027-08-31
NCT05187286
"Expanded Access for Apixaban"
NCT05198960
"AVAJAK: Apixaban/Rivaroxaban Versus Aspirin for Primary Prevention of Thrombo-embolic Complications in JAK2V617F-positive Myeloproliferative Neoplasms"; n 1308; "Time to occurrence of arterial or venous thromboembolic events."; 2027-07-13
NCT05484557
"Prevention of Thromboembolism Using Apixaban vs Enoxaparin Following Spinal Cord Injury"; n 60; "Number of participants with venous thromboembolism (VTE)"; 2026-02
NCT05498428
"A Study of Amivantamab in Participants With Advanced or Metastatic Solid Tumors Including Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Mutated Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer"; n 520; "All Cohorts Except Cohort 4: Objective Response Rate (ORR) Based on Investigator Assessment (INV)"; 2028-08-18
NCT05683808
"Venous Thromboembolism Prevention in Outpatients With Glioma"; n 40; "Safety of apixaban as determined by bleeding risk"; 2027-06-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Apixaban could settle lifespan?
NCT06370273 measures Composite of net clinical benefit comprising clinical VTE event, major bleeding, and cause-specific mortality, reading out 2028-08-31.
3 open trials; n 10044; "Thromboprophylaxis in Lower Limb Immobilisation"
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Trial
NCT06370273
"Thromboprophylaxis in Lower Limb Immobilisation"; n 10044; "Composite of net clinical benefit comprising clinical VTE event, major bleeding, and cause-specific mortality"; 2028-08-31
NCT07471139
"SWITCH: Apixaban vs Vitamin K in HM3"; n 460; "Survival free of major hemocompatibility related adverse event"; 2029-08
NCT03642509
"Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Versus Novel Oral Anticoagulation for Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation"; n 750; "Composite endpoint of stroke (ischemic and hemorrhagic), systemic embolism, major bleeding and all-cause mortality."; 2030-10-01
Q10
Which 89 trials of Apixaban posted no result?
Posted no result
89 of 89 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00097357, NCT02262520, NCT00252005, NCT02262533, NCT01437839 and NCT02792335, and 83 more
Completion dates
oldest 2005-12; newest 2024-06-15
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Trial
NCT00097357
2005-12
NCT02262520
2006-03
NCT00252005
2007-02
NCT02262533
2007-06
NCT01437839
2011-10
NCT02792335
2014-08
14 further recorded trials
NCT02270918
2014-12
NCT02833987
2015-03
NCT01885585
2015-05
NCT02345343
2015-10-07
NCT02769078
2016-02
NCT02470767
2016-03
NCT02559232
2016-03
NCT02687854
2016-03-01
NCT02066454
2016-07-12
NCT02672709
2016-08
NCT02007655
2016-08-31
NCT02912234
2016-10
NCT02607371
2016-10-15
NCT03568916
2016-11
Q11
At the median, Apixaban's trials enrolled 300 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
300
Largest enrolment
2140403
Registered trials counted
286
Q12
What do 11556 spontaneous reports say about Apixaban — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Apixaban appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 11556 reaction mentions were counted: gastrointestinal haemorrhage 1943; fall 1514; cerebrovascular accident 1442; haemorrhage 1358. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL231779 · 2026-06-24
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gastrointestinal haemorrhage
1943
fall
1514
cerebrovascular accident
1442
haemorrhage
1358
anaemia
1317
atrial fibrillation
896
4 more recorded rows
deep vein thrombosis
841
epistaxis
797
renal impairment
734
cerebral haemorrhage
714
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Apixaban and CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and P-GP: shared by which compounds?
CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and P-GP appear in Apixaban's recorded interaction sentences, 10 in all. openfda-label+europepmc · 2026-08-30
Interpretation pharmacokinetics
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CYP1A2
pharmacokinetics
Apixaban is metabolized mainly via CYP3A4 with minor contributions from CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, and 2J2.
pharmacokinetics
Drug Interaction Studies In i n vitro apixaban studies at concentrations significantly greater than therapeutic exposures, no inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, or CYP2C19, nor induction effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4/5 were observed.
CYP2A6pharmacokinetics
Drug Interaction Studies In i n vitro apixaban studies at concentrations significantly greater than therapeutic exposures, no inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, or CYP2C19, nor induction effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4/5 were observed.
CYP2B6pharmacokinetics
Drug Interaction Studies In i n vitro apixaban studies at concentrations significantly greater than therapeutic exposures, no inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, or CYP2C19, nor induction effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4/5 were observed.
CYP2C19pharmacokinetics
Drug Interaction Studies In i n vitro apixaban studies at concentrations significantly greater than therapeutic exposures, no inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, or CYP2C19, nor induction effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4/5 were observed.
CYP2C8pharmacokinetics
Drug Interaction Studies In i n vitro apixaban studies at concentrations significantly greater than therapeutic exposures, no inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, or CYP2C19, nor induction effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4/5 were observed.
CYP2C9pharmacokinetics
Drug Interaction Studies In i n vitro apixaban studies at concentrations significantly greater than therapeutic exposures, no inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, or CYP2C19, nor induction effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4/5 were observed.
CYP2D6pharmacokinetics
Drug Interaction Studies In i n vitro apixaban studies at concentrations significantly greater than therapeutic exposures, no inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, or CYP2C19, nor induction effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4/5 were observed.
CYP3A4
pharmacokinetics
Apixaban is metabolized mainly via CYP3A4 with minor contributions from CYP1A2, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, and 2J2.
pharmacokinetics
Drug Interaction Studies In i n vitro apixaban studies at concentrations significantly greater than therapeutic exposures, no inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2A6, CYP2B6, CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A4/5, or CYP2C19, nor induction effect on the activity of CYP1A2, CYP2B6, or CYP3A4/5 were observed.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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