48 registered substances share the start of this name, which is why a search for it can return more than one thing.
FDA substance registry · 9IT35J3UV3 · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 41 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Biomarker
A biomarker is a number from a test that stands in for something about health.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A biomarker is like a fuel gauge.
Where that stops being true. A gauge is wired to the tank. Many biomarkers are only loosely tied to health.
What people get wrong. A better number is read as a better life. Several medicines improved a number and helped nobody.
A measurable indicator used as a substitute for a clinical outcome of interest.
Placebo
A placebo is a dummy treatment given so the real one can be compared with it.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A placebo is like a blank control in an experiment.
Where that stops being true. A blank does nothing. People given a placebo often do get better.
What people get wrong. A placebo effect is read as imaginary. The improvement is measured and real.
An inactive intervention matched in appearance to the test intervention, used to control for non-specific effects.
Comparator
A comparator is whatever the treatment was measured against.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like the other runner in a race.
Where that stops being true. A race has one winner. A study can show both arms improved.
What people get wrong. Results are read without asking what the other group got. Beating nothing is not beating a treatment.
The control condition against which the experimental intervention is assessed.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Knowledge and attitudes about crying, shaking and abuse
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00105963
How many people
3000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Ischemia-driven Target Lesion Failure (TLF) which is a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (Q and non-Q wave) and target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 12 months post-procedure.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01681381
How many people
2790
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the Period of PURPLE Crying program to change knowledge, attitudes and behavior about early infant crying and shaken baby syndrome in new parents at two months of life
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00175422
How many people
1833
Study design
Phase 1/Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Concentrations of uremic toxins - Indoxyl sulfate
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06910475
How many people
1600
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
parasitological clearance at 6 months post treatment by splenic, lymph node, or bone marrow smear.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00255567
How many people
1142
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Operator Exposure (OE)/Dose Area Product (DAP) (uSv[Micro-Sieverts]/mGy[Milligray]*cm2) of the Proximal Operator
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06233578
How many people
1000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
For temporary relief of dry itchy skin/mild eczema. May also be used for standard homeopathic indications or as directed by your physician.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (11)
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S6.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as liquid, syrup, pellet, ointment, given by the oral, topical, sublingual route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
159 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 37 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 57520-1704 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as cream, globule, liquid, ointment, pellet and powder, taken oral, sublingual and topical.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 57520-1704 · read 2026-08-29
143 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 22 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 90bb15e5-3d9d-e2e2-e053-2995a90a85ac · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug.
US prescribing information · 90bb15e5-3d9d-e2e2-e053-2995a90a85ac · read 2026-08-29
51 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as mineral, other combinations and other.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
9 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
What was measured, goal by goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
How close this is to real life — found nothing in the sources checked.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
Felt, measured, or meaningful — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
"Bupivacaine has recently been shown to inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro."; 100 of 877 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00314457
terminated; "Bupivacaine has recently been shown to inhibit osteoclast formation in vitro."
NCT00317629
terminated; "An interim analysis showed that nitric oxide patches are not enough effective"
NCT00519584
terminated; "Collected study data was not usable due to process miscommunications"
NCT00557843
withdrawn; "No patients enrolled"
NCT00682656
terminated; "Efficacy issues on test arm"
NCT00801138
terminated; "A strong primary outcome crosses the efficacy boundary at the interim analysis"
14 further recorded trials
NCT00813111
terminated; "Sponsor decision, unrelated to safety"
NCT01005459
terminated; "feasibility /drug availability issues - No study drug sources available"
NCT01219062
terminated; "Surgeon team were not happy with the study protocol, the periarticular injection of local anesthetics"
NCT01294098
terminated; "Patients were not willing to be randomized and therefore recruitment could not continue."
NCT01303107
withdrawn; "The Sponsor has no interest in continuing the study."
NCT01308047
withdrawn; "The Sponsor has no interest in continuing the study."
NCT01394523
terminated; "Interim power analysis was prohibitive to continuing the study"
NCT01550302
terminated; "Unable to continue enrollment due to lack of resources (research coordinator no longer available)."
NCT01565512
withdrawn; "Lack of funding, PI left the institution, poor enrollment"
NCT01575028
terminated; "The study was allowed to expire due to changes in standard care for the patient population within the NCH institution."
NCT01584947
terminated; "Because of a very slow patient recruitment."
NCT01615939
terminated; "The study has been terminiated due to minimal subject recruitment"
NCT01688362
terminated; "Did not meet target enrollment deadlines."
NCT01756560
terminated; "Unable to continue research due to time constraints"
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Antimony used Bupivacaine HCl (Marcaine 0.25% with epinephrine 1:200,000) — over how long?
studies of Antimony used the recorded amount. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
20 recorded entries; human; intrathecal; also "Bupivacaine HCl (Marcaine 0.25% with epinephrine 1:200,000)", "Bupivacaine 30 ml", "bupivacaine 8-10mg"
Show the evidence
human
NCT00485693
Bupivacaine HCl (Marcaine 0.25% with epinephrine 1:200,000)
NCT00993746
Bupivacaine 30 ml
NCT01147146
bupivacaine 8-10mg
NCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 6 mg with 100 mcg of epinephrine
NCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 7 mg with 100 mcg of epinephrine
NCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 8 mg with 100 mcg of epinephrine
14 more recorded rows
humanNCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 9 mg with 100 mcg of epinephrine
humanNCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 10 mg with 100 mcg of epinephrine
humanNCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 11 mg with epinephrine 100 mcg
humanNCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 6 mg with 200 mcg of epinephrine
humanNCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 7 mg with 200 mcg of epinephrine
humanNCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 8 mg with 200 mcg of epinephrine
humanNCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 9 mg with 200 mcg of epinephrine
humanNCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 10 mg with 200 mcg of epinephrine
humanNCT01264575
intrathecal; intrathecal bupivacaine 11 mg with 200 mcg of epinephrine
humanNCT01561274
2 ml bupivacaine
humanNCT01701115
Low Dose (20 mL) Local Anesthetic (Mepivacaine:Bupivacaine)
humanNCT01701115
Control Dose (40 mL) Local Anesthetic (Mepivacaine:Bupivacaine)
humanNCT01759524
0.5% bupivacaine, marcaine.
humanNCT01927874
10 mg of hyperbaric 0.5% bupivacaine
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Which 325 trials of Antimony posted no result?
Posted no result
325 of 325 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00001088, NCT00358280, NCT00973128, NCT00450099, NCT00233545 and NCT00472134, and 319 more
Completion dates
oldest 2001-02; newest 2024-09-01
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00001088
2001-02
NCT00358280
2006-09
NCT00973128
2007-05
NCT00450099
2007-08
NCT00233545
2007-09
NCT00472134
2007-12
14 further recorded trials
NCT04340128
2007-12
NCT00508976
2008-04
NCT00921102
2008-05
NCT02343432
2008-09
NCT00405262
2008-10
NCT00469495
2008-11
NCT00317980
2008-12
NCT00480883
2008-12
NCT00600548
2009-07
NCT00845962
2009-07
NCT00808327
2009-08
NCT00672347
2009-09
NCT01528722
2010-01
NCT00818818
2010-04
Q7
At the median, Antimony's trials enrolled 64 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
64
Largest enrolment
22435
Registered trials counted
874
Q8
What do 1953 spontaneous reports say about Antimony — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Antimony appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 1953 reaction mentions were counted: anaesthetic complication 426; hypotension 363; pain 351; hypoaesthesia 193. FAERS via Open Targets · CHEMBL4297652 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
anaesthetic complication
426
hypotension
363
pain
351
hypoaesthesia
193
bradycardia
124
drug withdrawal syndrome
105
4 more recorded rows
muscular weakness
105
chondrolysis
101
cardiac arrest
99
premature baby
86
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 4 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 6 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.