This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Anakinra does in the body
Neonatal-Onset Multisystem Inflammatory Disease
From the FDA-approved label: KINERET blocks the biologic activity of IL-1 alpha and beta by competitively inhibiting IL-1 binding to the interleukin-1 type I receptor (IL-1RI), which is expressed in a wide variety of tissues and organs. IL-1 production is induced in response to inflammatory stimuli and mediates various physiologic responses including inflammatory and immunological responses. IL-1 has a broad range of activities including cartilage degradation by its induction of the rapid loss of proteoglycans, as well as stimulation of bone resorption.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as protein.
FDA substance registry · 9013DUQ28K · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No recorded sentence describes the change this makes in a way that stands on its own. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 99 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Healthy ageing
…Waiting for a reviewer3 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Pain
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
…Waiting for a reviewer2 registered symptom measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Fertility and sexual health
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Healthy ageing
180 days mortality; all cause mortality; mortality
Pain
pain; pain relief
Blood sugar
glycated hemoglobin
Fertility and sexual health
total morning testosterone
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
… Waiting for a reviewer
3 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
1 registered test measure.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Community-acquired pneumonia: All-cause mortality (with subsidiary analyses of cause of death and of death at various timepoints following discharge)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04381936
How many people
70000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Subcutaneous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
All-cause mortality
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02735707
How many people
20000
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Subcutaneous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in diet
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03156478
How many people
10000
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Subcutaneous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Measurement of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL) 1 beta, IL-1RA, IL-6, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) alpha, CXCL9 and CXCL10) on serum of patients
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05670301
How many people
2500
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Subcutaneous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
All-cause mortality
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06381661
How many people
2000
Study design
Phase 2
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Subcutaneous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Inflammatory Response
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01754012
How many people
1190
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Subcutaneous
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.6 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
■Symptoms and quality of lifeEvidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.4 registered measures of this kind.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.5 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
childhood health assessment questionnaire
pain
pain relief
health assessment questionnaire
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
high sensitivity c reactive protein
c reactive protein
glycated hemoglobin
inflammation marker
maximum concentration as measured by pk sampling
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
180 days mortality
disease free survival
all cause mortality
mortality
hospitalized infection or death
overall survival
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (25)
2 h auc c peptide response
incidence and severity of ocular adverse event
number and severity of adverse events
frequency of adverse events
peak oxygen consumption
maximum tolerated dose of everolimus
incidence of adverse events
adverse events
recurrence rate
leucine disposal rate
beta cell function
experiencing a dose limiting toxicity
best response
total morning testosterone
days alive and not receiving organ support in icu
disease activity 28
2 hour mixed meal stimulated c peptide auc
postprandial hypoglycemia in after bariatric surgery
composite clinico biological evaluation
elimination rate constant as measured by pk sampling
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 4 to 6 hours hours
Read from the label, which states: “In subjects with RA, maximum plasma concentrations of KINERET occurred 3 to 7 hours after subcutaneous administration of KINERET at clinically relevant doses (1 to 2 mg/kg; n = 18); the terminal half-life ranged from 4 to 6 hours.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
KINERET is an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist indicated for: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) Reduction in signs and symptoms and slowing the progression of structural damage in moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis, in patients 18 years of age or older who have failed 1 or more disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) ( 1.1 ) Cryopyrin-Associated Periodic Syndromes (CAPS) Treatment of Neonatal-Onset…
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “KINERET was studied in a single randomized, blinded multi-center trial in 86 patients with polyarticular course JRA; ages 2-17 years receiving a dose of 1 mg/kg subcutaneously daily, up to a maximum dose of 100 mg.”
US prescribing information · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · read 2026-08-30
On older people, the label states: “A total of 752 RA patients ≥ 65 years of age, including 163 patients ≥ 75 years of age, were studied in clinical trials.”
US prescribing information · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Available data from retrospective studies and case reports on KINERET use in pregnant women are insufficient to identify a drug associated risk of major birth defects, miscarriage, or maternal and fetal adverse events.”
US prescribing information · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · read 2026-08-30
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “Risk Summary There are no data on the presence of anakinra in either human or animal milk or the effects on milk production.”
US prescribing information · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced liver function, the label states: “No formal studies have been conducted examining the pharmacokinetics of KINERET administered subcutaneously in patients with hepatic impairment.”
US prescribing information · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “This drug is known to be substantially excreted by the kidney, and the risk of toxic reactions to this drug may be greater in patients with impaired renal function [see Clinical Pharmacology ( 12.3 )] .”
US prescribing information · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Given by a clinician
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Subcutaneous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S1.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as vial, injection, solution, given by the subcutaneous route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Anakinra appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 4290 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
rheumatoid arthritis — 726 reaction mentions
joint swelling — 527 reaction mentions
condition aggravated — 518 reaction mentions
drug intolerance — 464 reaction mentions
pain — 454 reaction mentions
arthralgia — 375 reaction mentions
treatment failure — 347 reaction mentions
arthropathy — 309 reaction mentions
pyrexia — 286 reaction mentions
mobility decreased — 284 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Subcutaneous
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
5 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 5 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 68594-050 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, solution and liquid, taken subcutaneous.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 68594-050 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is interleukin 1 receptor antagonists [moa] and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist [epc].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 68594-050 · read 2026-08-29
1 published label names it as an active ingredient. 1 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · read 2026-08-29
Kineret is subcutaneous at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Injection: 100 mg/0.67 mL solution in a single-use prefilled syringe for subcutaneous injection., recorded as fda label in effect 2026-04-03 in the United States.
US prescribing information · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · read 2026-08-30
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Anakinra studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
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Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
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Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
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A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
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A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
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Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
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Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Anakinra are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
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A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
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No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
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Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
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FDA substance identifier (UNII)
9013DUQ28K
RxNorm concept
727711
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1 approved application covers products containing this substance. The earliest was BLA103950, approved 20011114 to BIOVITRUM AB.
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5 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q2
What did Anakinra's largest trial (70000 people) and its longest (19 years) measure?
70000 people in Anakinra's largest registered study, 19 years in its longest registered window, measuring 180 Days Mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
94 phase2, 36 phase1, 32 phase3, 10 na or unstated, 9 na, 9 phase4, 5 early phase1; NCT04381936; 2038-09-30; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2025, NCT03651518.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Anakinra was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase2
94
phase1
36
phase3
32
na or unstated
10
na
9
phase4
9
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
5
Last recorded human testNCT03651518
2025-11-20
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Anakinra shown lifespan?
safety (3), accrual/recruitment (7), funding/business (8), sponsor decision unspecified (3) and other (9): Anakinra's stop wording, clustered. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
"data submitted for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval"; 30 of 162 registered studies
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00069329
terminated; "data submitted for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval"
NCT00537667
terminated; "The safety profile of combination therapy became unacceptable."
NCT01466764
terminated; "Due to inability to demonstrate benefit in this patient population."
NCT01477476
withdrawn; "funding loss, no data was ever collected"
NCT01997138
withdrawn; "Too few recruitable patients"
NCT02236481
terminated; "Decision of the Sponsor for Early Benefits"
14 further recorded trials
NCT02263638
terminated; "Poor recruitment"
NCT02310009
withdrawn; "PI relocated to a different country and coI moved to a different lab."
NCT02414152
terminated; "Early study termination occurred due to inability to secure funding"
NCT02780583
terminated; "no further funding to continue, investigator relocated, no replacement found to continue"
NCT02902731
terminated; "experimental treatment no longer available"
NCT02930122
terminated; "Lack of funding"
NCT03062176
withdrawn; "We screened over 200 patients but were ultimately unable to enroll anyone"
NCT03224585
terminated; "Study was terminated because dramatic benefits seen during the first 24 hours of drug administration combined with COVID restrictions on research activities suggested it was both unethical and unnecessary to complete the planned enrollment"
NCT03265132
terminated; "Meeting enrolment target (81 pat) will not be feasible within reasonable time."
NCT03513458
withdrawn; "\[The risk of inhaled allergen challenge and anakinra treatment outweigh benefits to participants with allergic asthma due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
NCT03513471
withdrawn; "The risk of inhaled allergen challenge and anakinra treatment outweigh benefits to participants with allergic asthma due to the COVID-19 pandemic."
NCT04035109
withdrawn; "Study stopped due to COVID-19 pandemic."
NCT04205838
terminated; "slow accrual"
NCT04227275
terminated; "Based on the safety events and evidence of biologic activity without sustained clinical responses the Sponsor finds the risk/benefit analysis unfavorable for patients and has terminated the study."
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
Human studies of Anakinra used Anakinra 100 mg daily for weeks 3 through 12 — over how long?
Anakinra's half-life is 4 to 6 hours — which schedules were studied?
4 to 6 hours, the half-life Anakinra's label states. openfda-label · d9d74915-6606-4570-9c52-c4001d3177de · 2026-08-30
Show the evidence
half life
4 to 6 hours hours; In subjects with RA, maximum plasma concentrations of KINERET occurred 3 to 7 hours after subcutaneous administration of KINERET at clinically relevant doses (1 to 2 mg/kg; n = 18); the terminal half-life ranged from 4 to 6 hours.
bioavailability
12.3 Pharmacokinetics The absolute bioavailability of KINERET after a 70 mg subcutaneous bolus injection in healthy subjects (n = 11) is 95%.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of 180 days mortality, 2 h auc c peptide response and 2 hour mixed meal stimulated c peptide auc did Anakinra's trials measure?
180 days mortality, 2 h auc c peptide response and 2 hour mixed meal stimulated c peptide auc lead 40 outcome terms across Anakinra's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
2 h auc c peptide response, incidence and severity of ocular adverse event, number and severity of adverse events, frequency of adverse events, peak oxygen consumption and maximum tolerated dose of everolimus follow.
Show the evidence
childhood health assessment questionnaire
1
pain
1
high sensitivity c reactive protein
1
2 h auc c peptide response
1
incidence and severity of ocular adverse event
1
number and severity of adverse events
1
14 more recorded rows
frequency of adverse events
1
peak oxygen consumption
1
maximum tolerated dose of everolimus
1
incidence of adverse events
1
180 days mortality
1
c reactive protein
1
pain relief
1
adverse events
1
recurrence rate
1
glycated hemoglobin
1
leucine disposal rate
1
beta cell function
1
experiencing a dose limiting toxicity
1
best response
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Anakinra's 27 ongoing trials reports first?
"Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia"; n 20000; "All-cause mortality"; 2028-02
NCT03511118
"Pharmacokinetics and Safety of Commonly Used Drugs in Lactating Women and Breastfed Infants"; n 1600; "M/P ratio"; 2028-07-31
NCT03925194
"A Study to Evaluate Safety and Efficacy of Subcutaneous Administration of Anakinra in Patients With CF"; n 52; "Absolute pre-post change of the lung clearance index (LCI)"; 2026-12-01
NCT03968913
"Biologic Therapy to Prevent Osteoarthritis After ACL Injury"; n 32; "Cytokine level analysis of synovial fluid"; 2027-01-30
NCT04148430
"A Study of Anakinra to Prevent or Treat Severe Side Effects for Patients Receiving CAR-T Cell Therapy"; n 62; "Arm 1 (CAR T Cell Group) Rate of Severe Neurotoxicities"; 2026-10
NCT04278404
"Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety Profile of Understudied Drugs Administered to Children Per Standard of Care (POPS)"; n 5000; "Clearance (CL) or apparent oral clearance (CL/F) as measured by PK sampling"; 2026-12
14 further recorded trials
NCT04381936
"Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy"; n 70000; "Community-acquired pneumonia: All-cause mortality (with subsidiary analyses of cause of death and of death at various timepoints following discharge)"; 2038-09-30
NCT04656184
"A Trial Comparing the Efficacy and Safety of Anakinra Versus Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG) Retreatment, in Patients With Kawasaki Disease Who Failed to Respond to Initial Standard IVIG Treatment"; n 84; "Fever"; 2027-03
NCT04926467
"Chemotherapy + Anakinra in Patients With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)"; n 24; "To determine the percentage of patients that have a normalization of CA19-9 after pre-op treatment with the combination of nab-paclitaxel (abraxane), gemcitabine, cisplatin and anakinra."; 2027-06
NCT05013450
"Dupilumab_Metastatic NSCLC"; n 33; "Dose Limiting Toxicity (DLTs)"; 2030-09-18
NCT05177822
"Interleukin-1 Blockade in Acute Myocardial Infarction to Prevent Heart Failure"; n 84; "Peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2)"; 2027-12-30
NCT05267821
"Targeted Reversal of Inflammation in Pediatric Sepsis-induced MODS"; n 500; "Cumulative 28-day Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD-2) score"; 2028-08-31
NCT05280340
"Anakinra for Preterm Infants Pilot"; n 25; "Number of participants with treatment-related serious adverse reactions (suspected and unexpected)"; 2025-03
NCT05611710
"Anakinra in Dengue With Hyperinflammation ( AnaDen )"; n 160; "Change in modified Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score (mSOFA core, modified for limited resource settings and dengue) within 4 days"; 2027-12-31
NCT05814159
"A Study of Anakinra in Japanese Patients With Still's Disease (SJIA and AOSD)"; n 15; "An improvement of ≥ 30% from baseline in physician global assessment of disease activity (visual analogue scale [VAS])."; 2026-06-24
NCT06062966
"The Effects of IL-1 Blockade on Inotrope Sensitivity in Patients With Heart Failure (AID-HEART)"; n 20; "Percent reduction in high-sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP, a biomarker for IL-1 activity)"; 2026-08
NCT06336733
"Randomized Controlled Trial in Patients on Long-term Colchicine With Colchicine-resistant Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) to Evaluate the Efficacy of On-demand Anakinra Treatment for Painful Attacks in Patients Who Refuse Continuous Daily Therapy"; n 50; "Mean number of FMF-attacks per month at 6 months of treatment."; 2026-12-04
NCT06381661
"Adaptive Platform Trial for Personnalisation of Sepsis Treatment in Children and Adults: a Multi-national, Treatable Traits-guided, Adaptive, Exploratory, Bayesian Basket Trial"; n 2000; "All-cause mortality"; 2031-07-09
NCT06624436
"Immunomodulatory Effects of Dexamethasone, Tocilizumab and Anakinra During Experimental Human Endotoxemia"; n 52; "Between-group differences in plasma TNF concentrations upon the second LPS challenge"; 2025-12
NCT06697431
"Non Inferiority KawasakI Trial With Anakinra"; n 38; "Number of patients with treatment response in both treatment arms"; 2027-04-01
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Anakinra could settle inflammatory markers?
NCT06062966 measures Percent reduction in high-sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP, a biomarker for IL-1 activity), reading out 2026-08.
6 open trials; n 20; "The Effects of IL-1 Blockade on Inotrope Sensitivity in Patients With Heart Failure (AID-HEART)"
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT06062966
"The Effects of IL-1 Blockade on Inotrope Sensitivity in Patients With Heart Failure (AID-HEART)"; n 20; "Percent reduction in high-sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hsCRP, a biomarker for IL-1 activity)"; 2026-08
NCT07191444
"A Study of Firsekibart Versus Anakinra in Adult-Onset Still's Disease"; n 20; "The proportion of subjects achieving clinical inactive disease (CID) at Week 24, where CID is defined as the absence of Still's disease-related symptoms with normal ESR or CRP levels."; 2027-07-31
NCT05177822
"Interleukin-1 Blockade in Acute Myocardial Infarction to Prevent Heart Failure"; n 84; "Peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2)"; 2027-12-30
NCT02735707
"Randomized, Embedded, Multifactorial Adaptive Platform Trial for Community- Acquired Pneumonia"; n 20000; "All-cause mortality"; 2028-02
NCT06381661
"Adaptive Platform Trial for Personnalisation of Sepsis Treatment in Children and Adults: a Multi-national, Treatable Traits-guided, Adaptive, Exploratory, Bayesian Basket Trial"; n 2000; "All-cause mortality"; 2031-07-09
NCT04381936
"Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy"; n 70000; "Community-acquired pneumonia: All-cause mortality (with subsidiary analyses of cause of death and of death at various timepoints following discharge)"; 2038-09-30
Q10
Which 52 trials of Anakinra posted no result?
Posted no result
52 of 52 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00037700, NCT00037648, NCT00111410, NCT00038298, NCT00214851 and NCT00332254, and 46 more
Completion dates
oldest 2002-12; newest 2024-07-15
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00037700
2002-12
NCT00037648
2003-11
NCT00111410
2003-11
NCT00038298
2004-05
NCT00214851
2005-12
NCT00332254
2007-06
14 further recorded trials
NCT00339157
2008-06-10
NCT01165008
2008-09
NCT00683345
2010-04
NCT01033656
2010-04
NCT00711503
2012-06
NCT01277315
2012-06
NCT01566201
2013-06
NCT01369017
2013-07
NCT01558375
2014-02
NCT02175056
2015-02
NCT01705756
2015-06
NCT02219828
2015-10
NCT02915094
2016-01
NCT02108210
2016-05
Q11
At the median, Anakinra's trials enrolled 23 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
23
Largest enrolment
70000
Registered trials counted
155
Q12
What do 4290 spontaneous reports say about Anakinra — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Anakinra appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 4290 reaction mentions were counted: rheumatoid arthritis 726; joint swelling 527; condition aggravated 518; drug intolerance 464. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1201570 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
rheumatoid arthritis
726
joint swelling
527
condition aggravated
518
drug intolerance
464
pain
454
arthralgia
375
4 more recorded rows
treatment failure
347
arthropathy
309
pyrexia
286
mobility decreased
284
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Anakinra studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Anakinra's label sentences: "The primary objective is to determine the effect of anakinra on peak oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) measured at cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) after 24 weeks of treatment, with placebo-corrected changes in peak VO<sub>2</sub> at CPX after 24 weeks (or longest available follow up)." openfda-label+europepmc · 2022-06-15
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
The primary objective is to determine the effect of anakinra on peak oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2</sub>) measured at cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) after 24 weeks of treatment, with placebo-corrected changes in peak VO<sub>2</sub> at CPX after 24 weeks (or longest available follow up).
recorded 2022-06-15 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
What is recorded about Anakinra and autophagy?
"It also identifies candidate biomarkers (e.g., S100A12, mtDNA, and MCM8) and therapeutic targets (autophagy inducers, NLRP3 inhibitors, USP7 inhibitors, and anakinra) that could enable earlier intervention." — where Anakinra and autophagy appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-07-18
"It also identifies candidate biomarkers (e.g., S100A12, mtDNA, and MCM8) and therapeutic targets (autophagy inducers, NLRP3 inhibitors, USP7 inhibitors, and anakinra) that could enable earlier intervention."
mTORPMID 41187576
"Promising repurposed agents include IL-1 receptor antagonists (anakinra), mTOR inhibitors (rapamycin), and glutamate modulators (ceftriaxone), with preclinical data showing reduced seizure burden."
autophagy
PMID 34847078
"Anakinra promoted H2O2-driven autophagy through a xenobiotic sensing pathway involving the aryl hydrocarbon receptor that, activated through the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1-kynurenine pathway, transcriptionally activated NADPH oxidase 4 independent of the IL-1R1."
PMID 34847078
"We anticipate that anakinra may represent a therapeutic option in addition to its IL-1R1-dependent antiinflammatory properties by acting at the intersection of mitochondrial oxidative stress and autophagy with the capacity to restore conditions in which defective proteostasis leads to human disease."
NAD+PMID 32214150
"4 month-old C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 7 days infusion of visfatin/eNampt, alone or together with FK 866 (Nampt enzymatic inhibitor), CLI 095 (TLR4 blocker), MCC 950 (NLRP3-inflammasome inhibitor), or anakinra (interleukin(IL)-1-receptor antagonist)."
mTOR
PMID 32995738
"The patient revealed 30, 50, and 100%, reduction in the ESES pattern on EEG with the sequential addition of anakinra (interleukin-1ß inhibitor), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and sirolimus, an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) respectively, after discontinuation of OCS due to side effects."
PMID 25345753
"These strategies include: approaches targeting IKK-b-NF-kB (salicylates, salsalate), TNF-α (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), IL-1β (anakinra, canakinumab) and IL-6 (tocilizumab), AMP-activated protein kinase activators, sirtuin-1 activators, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonists."
AMPKPMID 25345753
"These strategies include: approaches targeting IKK-b-NF-kB (salicylates, salsalate), TNF-α (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), IL-1β (anakinra, canakinumab) and IL-6 (tocilizumab), AMP-activated protein kinase activators, sirtuin-1 activators, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonists."
sirtuinPMID 25345753
"These strategies include: approaches targeting IKK-b-NF-kB (salicylates, salsalate), TNF-α (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab), IL-1β (anakinra, canakinumab) and IL-6 (tocilizumab), AMP-activated protein kinase activators, sirtuin-1 activators, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors and C-C motif chemokine receptor 2 antagonists."
recorded 2026-07-18 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ChEMBL ATC CC BY-SA · ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
✗ required summary fields resolved: 5 required field(s) not terminal: Why people use it, Best-supported result, Most important common problem, Biggest unanswered question, Human evidence
✓ public claims reviewed: 0 reviewed claim(s); drafts are never rendered
✓ source coverage passed: 10 source rows
✓ no critical contamination: no quarantine open
✓ canonical metadata passed: slug and display name present
✓ no raw internal fields: enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
This is a record of evidence. It is not medical advice, and it does not say this substance suits you. Nothing here says any substance on RNAWiki is appropriate for a child.