This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Ammonia does in the body
For the temporary stimulation of the senses to restore alertness.
From the FDA-approved label: Glucocorticoids, naturally occurring and synthetic, are adrenocortical steroids that are readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Naturally occurring glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and cortisone), which also have salt-retaining properties, are used as replacement therapy in adrenocortical deficiency states. Synthetic analogs such as triamcinolone are primarily used for their anti-inflammatory effects in disorders of many organ systems. Triamcinolone acetonide injectable suspension has an extended duration of effect which may be sustained over a period of several weeks.
Why people take it. For the temporary stimulation of the senses to restore alertness.
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 5138Q19F1X · read 2026-08-29
The supplement label database classes it as botanical, under the name Ammonia.
The use the label states, quoted from it. No plain-language version of this sentence has been written.
The use the label states, quoted from it. It is written for a clinician, not for a reader without medical training.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 109 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Adverse reaction to the N-13 ammonia injection
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03275584
How many people
20000
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Respiratory (inhalation)
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
transplant free survival
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03577938
How many people
516
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
Living longer, or avoiding a major event
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Respiratory (inhalation)
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
predictive value of the new multivariate prognostic models in patients listed for decompensated cirrhosis
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03820271
How many people
501
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Respiratory (inhalation)
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Percent of participants diagnosed with Helicobacter pylori using PYTEST® breath test at baseline
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07224035
How many people
500
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Respiratory (inhalation)
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Number of Participants With Clinical Cessation of Status Epilepticus - Intention to Treat
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01960075
How many people
478
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Respiratory (inhalation)
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Caries arrest
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT07366645
How many people
366
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Respiratory (inhalation)
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
□Living longer, or avoiding a major eventNo evidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.0 registered measures of this kind. 1 written-up study measured this and did not show a benefit.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.2 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Yeast, C. elegans (roundworm), Mouse, Dog. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
urine ph
heart rate from baseline
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Temporarily restore mental alertness and refresh mental state for fatigue or drowsiness.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “The safety and effectiveness of Ammonia N 13 Injection has been established in pediatric patients based on known metabolism of ammonia, radiation dosimetry in the pediatric population, and clinical studies in adults [see Dosage and Administration (2.4) ] .”
US prescribing information · 3c3c98bd-a052-4564-a15f-37dc6d032707 · read 2026-09-12
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Category C Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Ammonia N 13 Injection.”
US prescribing information · 3c3c98bd-a052-4564-a15f-37dc6d032707 · read 2026-09-12
On people who are breastfeeding, the label states: “It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk.”
US prescribing information · 3c3c98bd-a052-4564-a15f-37dc6d032707 · read 2026-09-12
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Respiratory (inhalation)
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as inhalant, powder, pellet, liquid, given by the respiratory (inhalation), topical, nasal route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Ammonia appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 8 most-reported reaction terms, 16 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (8)
chronic sinusitis — 2 reaction mentions
cushingoid — 2 reaction mentions
dyspnoea at rest — 2 reaction mentions
nasal mucosal disorder — 2 reaction mentions
nasal septum deviation — 2 reaction mentions
percussion test abnormal — 2 reaction mentions
tracheal stenosis — 2 reaction mentions
upper-airway cough syndrome — 2 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Respiratory (inhalation)
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
53 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 50 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 85248-098 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as aerosol, granule, inhalant, liniment, liquid and pellet, taken nasal, oral, respiratory (inhalation) and topical.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 85248-098 · read 2026-08-29
43 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 40 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · 558e8629-6a8d-198d-e063-6294a90ac5fc · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug.
US prescribing information · 558e8629-6a8d-198d-e063-6294a90ac5fc · read 2026-08-29
302 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as amino acid/protein, botanical, botanical with nutrients and fat/fatty acid.
Those labels carry all other, nutrient and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
AMMONIA N-13 is intravenous at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Glass vial (10 mL) containing 0.138-1.387 GBq/mL (3.75-37.5 mCi/mL) of Ammonia N 13 Injection in aqueous 0.9 % sodium chloride solution (approximately 8.8 mL volume) that is suitable for int…, recorded as fda label in effect 2021-11-03 in the United States.
US prescribing information · 3c3c98bd-a052-4564-a15f-37dc6d032707 · read 2026-09-12
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
A single-person plan is offered only as a structure for observing yourself. It never calculates an amount to take, and it cannot prove cause.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Ammonia studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
How fast does the body clear it?
The sources RNAWiki checked hold nothing for this field.
Why it matters. Without this, nothing on this page can say how long anything lasts.
What would answer it
A stored source that records it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Ammonia are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
5138Q19F1X
RxNorm concept
1299889
Checks this page had to pass
✓ Passed
Identity resolved
no open identity hold
✓ Passed
No unresolved merge across substance families
no quarantine open
✓ Passed
Every public sentence names a source
The opening statement carries the origin: Quoted from a stored source.
✗ Not passed
Trial roles classified for highlighted evidence
No registered study is classified as testing this substance.
✓ Passed
No internal keys in reader text
enforced by the copy-contract test over the rendered page
✓ Passed
Safety mode resolved
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
✓ Passed
Canonical metadata present
slug and display name present
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
The earliest marketing start date recorded for a listed product is 19760214.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 85248-098 · read 2026-08-29
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What to learn next
Ordered by what would most change how you read this page, starting with what is easiest to misunderstand.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
7 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
What was measured, goal by goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (12)
Q1
What did Ammonia's largest trial (227 people) and its longest (5.7 years) measure?
227 people in Ammonia's largest registered study, 5.7 years in its longest registered window, measuring Pharmacokinetics: area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) of LY2140023 and LY404039. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
3 phase1, 2 na or unstated, 1 na, 1 phase3; NCT06942312; 2030-12-31; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2021, NCT05868798.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Ammonia was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase1
3
na or unstated
2
na
1
phase3
1
Last recorded human testNCT05868798
2021-11-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From yeast to human: where has Ammonia shown lifespan?
Horvath: "Our findings provide evidence that glucose is used for ammonia detoxification and [<sup>13</sup>C] uric acid synthesis through multiple metabolic pathways, uncovering a metabolic link at the carbon atomic level in ammonia metabolism of <i>A. aegypti</i>-Horvath, T. D., Dagan, S., Lorenzi, P. L., Hawke, D. H.,…" Europe PMC · epigenetic clock search · 2017-09-25
1 recorded sentence; 2018; biomarker
Show the evidence
HorvathPMID 28970248
2018; "Our findings provide evidence that glucose is used for ammonia detoxification and [<sup>13</sup>C] uric acid synthesis through multiple metabolic pathways, uncovering a metabolic link at the carbon atomic level in ammonia metabolism of <i>A. aegypti</i>-Horvath, T. D., Dagan, S., Lorenzi, P. L., Hawke, D. H., Scaraffia, P. Y. Positional stable isotope tracer analysis reveals carbon routes during…"
recorded 2017-09-25 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q5
More Ammonia was worse in human: at what point?
U-shaped in human: "The results indicated that the total synthetic ammonia production exhibited an inverted U-shaped fluctuation from 2010 to 2020, rising from 45.51 million tons in 2020 to a peak of 55.08 million tons in 2015, then declining to 49.19 million tons by 2020." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2026-06-04
5 recorded sentences naming Ammonia; U-shaped, hormetic, biphasic, dose-response
Show the evidence
U-shapedPMID 41936755
"The results indicated that the total synthetic ammonia production exhibited an inverted U-shaped fluctuation from 2010 to 2020, rising from 45.51 million tons in 2020 to a peak of 55.08 million tons in 2015, then declining to 49.19 million tons by 2020."
hormetic
"These hormetic Pb doses treated seedlings also enhanced maximum gene expression of growth and photosynthesis-related genes such as Chlorophyll synthase (Chls), Plastid terminal oxidase (PTOX), Photosystem II protein D1 (psbA), Phytoene Synthase (PSY), Violaxanthin de-epoxidase (VD), Chalcone synthase (CHL), and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL)."
biphasicPMID 42278149
"The results showed that <i>Lv-p62</i> expression was significantly induced in the hepatopancreas, gills, and intestine of <i>L. vannamei</i> after ammonia exposure (<i>p</i> < 0.05). <i>Lv-p62</i> expression peaked at 6 h in the gills and 24 h in the intestine, whereas a biphasic response was observed in the hepatopancreas, with an initial peak at 12 h and a higher second peak at 48 h."
dose-responsePMID 41605058
"Correlation and orthogonal polynomial analyses further demonstrated dose-response relationships between graded ZCR inclusion, ammonia reduction, and welfare-related parameters."
biphasicPMID 41406230
"Guided by the NMR insights, we demonstrate a biphasic alkaline-organic lithium-mediated electrochemical ammonia synthesis coupled with value-added organic conversion via alcohol and furfural oxidation."
recorded 2026-06-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Ammonia's effect on urine ph?
Urine ph: measured in Ammonia's trials.
Interpretation urine ph is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
urine ph; 2026-09-01
heart rate from baseline; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
3
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
18; NCT05868798; PHASE1; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; COMPLETED
Q7
Which of Ammonia's 2 ongoing trials reports first?
Change of distal sodium reabsorption(ADRNa) between NH4Cl vs. placebo study visits; Hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress as determined by plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate-to-acetoacetate ratio; latest 2030-12-31
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Trial
NCT06209359
"Mechanisms of Diuretic Resistance in Heart Failure, Aim 3"; n 50; "Change of distal sodium reabsorption(ADRNa) between NH4Cl vs. placebo study visits"; 2029-03-01
NCT06942312
"Elucidating Hepatic Metabolism in Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease"; n 30; "Hepatic mitochondrial reductive stress as determined by plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate-to-acetoacetate ratio"; 2030-12-31
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which 4 trials of Ammonia posted no result?
Posted no result
4 of 4 completed trials
Registrations
NCT01440478, NCT03043690, NCT04127513 and NCT05868798
Completion dates
oldest 2011-10; newest 2021-11-30
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT01440478
2011-10
NCT03043690
2017-05-30
NCT04127513
2017-05-31
NCT05868798
2021-11-30
Q9
At the median, Ammonia's trials enrolled 40 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
40
Largest enrolment
227
Registered trials counted
7
Q10
What do 16 spontaneous reports say about Ammonia — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Ammonia appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 8 most-reported reaction terms, 16 reaction mentions were counted: chronic sinusitis 2; cushingoid 2; dyspnoea at rest 2; nasal mucosal disorder 2. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1160819 · 2026-06-24
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chronic sinusitis
2
cushingoid
2
dyspnoea at rest
2
nasal mucosal disorder
2
nasal septum deviation
2
percussion test abnormal
2
2 more recorded rows
tracheal stenosis
2
upper-airway cough syndrome
2
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q11
Was Ammonia studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Ammonia's label sentences: "In addition, the Ex PLUS<sup>®</sup> supplementation group presented significantly reduced blood lactate and blood ammonia concentrations during exercise and at rest after exercise compared with placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.05)." openfda-label+europepmc · 2023-08-15
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
In addition, the Ex PLUS<sup>®</sup> supplementation group presented significantly reduced blood lactate and blood ammonia concentrations during exercise and at rest after exercise compared with placebo (<i>p</i> < 0.05).
recorded 2023-08-15 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q12
What is recorded about Ammonia and sirtuin?
"Mechanistically, SIRT5 reduced ammonia release by modulating the succinylation levels and enzymatic activities of GLS and GDH in mitochondria and promoted the maintenance of mitochondria homeostasis, as well as further attenuated ammonia-stimulated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells." — where Ammonia and sirtuin appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2026-05-16
"Mechanistically, SIRT5 reduced ammonia release by modulating the succinylation levels and enzymatic activities of GLS and GDH in mitochondria and promoted the maintenance of mitochondria homeostasis, as well as further attenuated ammonia-stimulated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells."
autophagyPMID 39694127
"Mechanistically, SIRT5 reduced ammonia release by modulating the succinylation levels and enzymatic activities of GLS and GDH in mitochondria and promoted the maintenance of mitochondria homeostasis, as well as further attenuated ammonia-stimulated autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells."
AMPKPMID 40796927
"CPS1 promotes the progression of lung adenocarcinoma by suppressing ammonia-induced activation of the ROS/AMPK/P53/LKB1 signaling pathway."
autophagyPMID 42041890
"Integrative multi-omics analysis revealed that <i>L. vannamei</i> mediates stress responses by modulating five core pathways under low-salinity/high-ammonia-nitrogen dual stress: fatty acid degradation and metabolism (e.g., acyl-CoA dehydrogenase short chain (<i>Acads</i>), acetyl-CoA acetyltransferase 2 (<i>ACAT2</i>)), autophagy (e.g., autophagy-related protein 101-like (<i>atg101</i>)), immune…"
mTOR
PMID 41007268
"Immunologically, ammonia exposure significantly activated lysosomal and phagosomal pathways, as well as multiple signaling cascades including FOXO, mTOR, and PI3K-Akt."
PMID 41775203
"Exosomes derived from ammonia-exposed AT-II cells (NH₃-exo) were enriched in miR-20a-5p, which directly targeted PTEN, activated the AKT/mTOR pathway, and impaired autophagic flux, thereby intensifying inflammation and apoptosis."
autophagyPMID 41775203
"Exosomes derived from ammonia-exposed AT-II cells (NH₃-exo) were enriched in miR-20a-5p, which directly targeted PTEN, activated the AKT/mTOR pathway, and impaired autophagic flux, thereby intensifying inflammation and apoptosis."
NAD+PMID 42143335
"In fungi, NAD- as well as NADP-dependent GDHs function at the interface of ammonia assimilation and glutamate catabolism, contributing to growth, differentiation, and morphogenesis."
mTORPMID 36827896
"The results showed that acute ammonia exposure resulted in lower free amino acid levels in hemolymph, incomplete activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and cascaded less protein synthesis in muscle."
sirtuin
PMID 41409579
"Through deacylating a broad spectrum of cellular proteins and enzymes, SIRT5 is heavily involved in the regulation of energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) reduction, and ammonia detoxification."
PMID 37101412
"Mitochondrial-targeted Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase (MitoLbNOX), but not NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside, reversed ammonia-induced oxidative dysfunction, electron transport chain supercomplex disassembly, lower ATP and NAD<sup>+</sup> content, protein hyperacetylation, Sirt3 dysfunction and postmitotic senescence in myotubes."
NAD+PMID 37101412
"Mitochondrial-targeted Lactobacillus brevis NADH oxidase (MitoLbNOX), but not NAD+ precursor nicotinamide riboside, reversed ammonia-induced oxidative dysfunction, electron transport chain supercomplex disassembly, lower ATP and NAD<sup>+</sup> content, protein hyperacetylation, Sirt3 dysfunction and postmitotic senescence in myotubes."
IGF-1PMID 38878123
"In summary, adding CoQ<sub>10</sub> to the diet is a potential way to improve fish production through controlling the gene expression of GH and IGF-1, as well as making fish populations more resistant to possible future stress caused by ammonia in intensive or super-intensive aquaculture systems."
recorded 2026-05-16 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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