This page shows what was measured, who it was measured in, and what that does not settle.
What Allopurinol does in the body
Allopurinol reduces both the serum and urinary uric acid levels by inhibiting the formation of uric acid.
From the FDA-approved label: Allopurinol is a structural analogue of the natural purine base, hypoxanthine. Allopurinol and its oxypurinol metabolite inhibitor xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine and of xanthine to uric acid, the end product of purine metabolism in humans. Allopurinol does not disrupt the biosynthesis of purines. The action of oral allopurinol differs from that of uricosuric agents, which lower the serum uric acid level by increasing urinary excretion of uric acid.
Why people take it. Asymptomatic hyperuricemia
What happened in people
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
§ A fixed RNAWiki sentence
Where this came from
Wording RNAWiki always uses, not a finding about this substance.
No reviewed claim names a result for any goal on this record.
No source is stored against this line.
The limit that matters most
Not recorded.
Where it acts
Not recorded.
Kind of result
No result is published, so no kind of result applies yet
Supervision
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
What the registries record it as
The substance registry classes this as chemical.
FDA substance registry · 63CZ7GJN5I · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
A person wrote this explanation into the record, with the studies named in the path below.
The recorded use, written for a reader without medical training. Not signed off.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 110 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 40 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Healthy ageing
…Waiting for a reviewer1 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved1 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
Healthy ageing
treatment related mortality
Blood sugar
insulin resistance
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
… Waiting for a reviewer
1 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
1 registered test measure.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Percentage of Participants With Primary Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events (MACE) Composite (75% Interim Analysis)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01101035
How many people
6198
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Percentage of Subjects Whose Serum Urate Level is <6.0 Milligrams Per Deciliter (mg/dL) at the Final Visit.
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00430248
How many people
2269
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
The proportion of subjects with sUA levels <6.0 mg/dL sustained at months 4, 5, and 6
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT05586971
How many people
2202
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Safety of Allopurinol
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT01391325
How many people
1735
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
sUA < 6.0 mg/dl at 1 Year
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02790463
How many people
1463
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Percentage of Participants With Treatment-Emergent Adverse Events (TEAEs)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00856206
How many people
1315
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA Drugs@FDA · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.4 registered measures of this kind. No reviewed result.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.12 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat, Dog. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
diastolic blood pressure by cuff 8 10 weeks minus baseline
systolic blood pressure
insulin resistance
blood pressure
serum uric acid levels
plasma renin activity
angiotensin ii concentration
serum uric acid
serum creatinine levels
maximum observed plasma concentration
and 2 more.
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
treatment related mortality
continuous complete remission at 1 year
disease free survival
event free survival
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (24)
complete response
complete response rate
maximum tolerated dose of alemtuzumab
global hed retention index
free radical production and markers of neuronal damage
response rate
grades ii to iv acute graft versus host disease
maximum tolerated dose
young mania rating scale
core study mean number of gout flares per
panss total
left ventricular end diastolic radius to wall thickness
left ventricular ejection fraction
lv end systolic maximum shortening
peak early filling rate normalized to edv
gout flares per from day 1 to week 16
treatment emergent adverse events
bioequivalence is based on cmax and auc parameters
muscle sympathetic nerve activity responses during hypoxia
neutrophil count
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How long anything takes
Nine different lengths of time that get confused with each other. None of them is worked out from another.
Before anything is noticed.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before a test result moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Before performance moves.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
How long the result was watched.No finished study window is recorded for a study that tested this substance.
How long people took it.How long people actually took it is not stored. The study window is not the same thing.
How long people were followed.Follow-up length is not stored separately. It is never read off the study window, which would be a different thing.
How fast the body clears it. 1 hour hours
Read from the label, which states: “Elimination The half-life of allopurinol and oxipurinol are approximately 1 hour to 2 hours and 15 hours following oral dose of allopurinol tablets, respectively.”
How long effects linger.RNAWiki does not store this separately, and never works it out from another figure on this page.
Beyond the studies. Nothing is recorded about the long term.
The longest finished study sets the edge of what anyone measured.
A study window is not how long people took it, and neither is how long they were followed. Where RNAWiki holds only one of the three, it shows one.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
Allopurinol Tablets are indicated for: The management of adults with signs and symptoms of primary or secondary gout (acute attacks, tophi, joint destruction, uric acid lithiasis, and/or nephropathy) The management of adult and pediatric patients with leukemia, lymphoma and solid tumor malignancies who are receiving cancer therapy which causes elevations of serum and urinary uric acid levels The management of adult…
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What the label states about particular groups
On pediatric, the label states: “Primary or Secondary Gout The safety and effectiveness of allopurinol tablets have not been established for the treatment of signs and symptoms of primary or secondary gout in pediatric patients.”
US prescribing information · e84cd8df-79d8-449f-ace2-5a4de1cdaf51 · read 2026-08-30
On people who are pregnant, the label states: “Risk Summary Based on findings in animals, allopurinol tablets may cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman.”
US prescribing information · e84cd8df-79d8-449f-ace2-5a4de1cdaf51 · read 2026-08-30
On people with reduced kidney function, the label states: “Allopurinol tablets and its primary active metabolite, oxipurinol, are eliminated by the kidneys; therefore, changes in renal function have a profound effect on exposure.”
US prescribing information · e84cd8df-79d8-449f-ace2-5a4de1cdaf51 · read 2026-08-30
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Prescription only
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Professional supervision is normally required. A regulator classifies this substance in a way that restricts how it is supplied.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Suppression classes recorded: S4.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as tablet, injectable, injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution, given by the oral, injection, intravenous route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Allopurinol appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 5577 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (10)
drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms — 1637 reaction mentions
acute kidney injury — 632 reaction mentions
pyrexia — 586 reaction mentions
rash — 521 reaction mentions
pruritus — 449 reaction mentions
rash maculo-papular — 382 reaction mentions
stevens-johnson syndrome — 369 reaction mentions
drug interaction — 357 reaction mentions
eosinophilia — 326 reaction mentions
erythema — 318 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
188 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. 188 of them contain it and nothing else.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 80425-0383 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as injection, powder, lyophilized, for solution, powder and tablet, taken intravenous and oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 80425-0383 · read 2026-08-29
The regulator's established pharmacologic class for it is xanthine oxidase inhibitor [epc] and xanthine oxidase inhibitors [moa].
FDA National Drug Code directory · 80425-0383 · read 2026-08-29
134 published labels name it as an active ingredient. 134 of them describe this substance alone, which is where its own label text on this page comes from.
US prescribing information · ad6950d4-2cdd-44ac-9b8a-120716460e70 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human prescription drug.
US prescribing information · ad6950d4-2cdd-44ac-9b8a-120716460e70 · read 2026-08-29
1 marketed supplement label lists this ingredient, classed as botanical.
Those labels carry all other and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
Allopurinol is oral at 3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS Allopurinol tablets, USP have functional scoring and are available in the following strengths: 100 mg: White, round, flat face, beveled edge tablets., recorded as fda label in effect 2024-04-08 in the United States.
US prescribing information · e84cd8df-79d8-449f-ace2-5a4de1cdaf51 · read 2026-08-30
Recorded price in US: 0.0317–1.91444 USD per one unit as the pricing file counts it — a tablet, capsule, patch or single item, across 83 priced products whose strengths and pack forms differ, as of 2026-08-26, paid by retail pharmacies buying the product, as surveyed by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. It is not a list price, an insurance price, or what anyone pays at a counter..
Recorded source · 2026-08-26 · read 2026-08-28
Evidence carries across two names for one substance. It does not carry across a salt, a mirror form or a mixture.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What you could measure
This one is decided with a clinician, so this section holds questions to ask rather than a plan to run.
Self-experiment planning is not offered for a prescription or clinician-supervised medicine. The questions below are for a clinician or pharmacist.
Questions worth asking
Which of the trials of Allopurinol studied people like me?
What was measured, and for how long?
Was the result a laboratory value or a health outcome?
What would we watch for, and when would we stop?
Tracking can show whether something changed for you. It cannot show what caused it.
RNAWiki records evidence. It does not say whether this substance is right for you.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What nobody knows yet
Open questions, each with why it is open and what would close it.
Missing populations
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing long-term data
No completed tested study window is recorded.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
No reviewed conclusion
RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Missing interaction studies
No interaction was found in the registers checked. Not finding one is not the same as showing there is none.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Formulation uncertainty
Several salts, forms or products of Allopurinol are recorded. Results from one form may not transfer to another.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
Mechanism not reviewed
No reviewed mechanism story exists for this substance.
Why it matters. Recorded by the evidence model as a gap on this record.
What would answer it
A study that measures it, and a reviewer to sign it off.
Last checked 2026-09-04. Searched: The sources listed in the receipts at the foot of this page.
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Check any of this yourself
Every line above traced back to the study it came from. This is the technical layer, and the vocabulary changes here.
How many documents were read
133 documents were read for this substance.
RNAWiki source record
Where else this substance is registered
FDA substance identifier (UNII)
63CZ7GJN5I
CAS registry number
315-30-0
PubChem compound
135401907
ChEMBL
CHEMBL1467
ChEBI
40279
WHO international nonproprietary name list entry
1731
RxNorm concept
519
EMA substance identifier
100000091907
European Chemicals Agency number
206-250-9
DrugBank
DB00437
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Suppression classes recorded: S4.
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What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How this medicine reached us
Kept near the foot of the page. A historical event moves up only when it changes something about this substance today.
What the approval register records
36 approved applications cover products containing this substance. The earliest was NDA016084, approved 19660819 to CASPER PHARMA LLC.
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What is not here
5 questions this page could not answer
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Recorded evidence blocks (13)
Q2
What did Allopurinol's largest trial (294878 people) and its longest (12 years) measure?
294878 people in Allopurinol's largest registered study, 12 years in its longest registered window, measuring Treatment-related mortality. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
63 phase2, 42 phase3, 33 phase4, 23 phase1, 13 na, 4 na or unstated, 3 early phase1; NCT00039130; 2014-10. Last human test completed 2026, NCT05511766.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Allopurinol was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
phase2
63
phase3
42
phase4
33
phase1
23
na
13
na or unstated
4
2 more recorded rows
early phase1
3
Last recorded human testNCT05511766
2026-01-25
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q3
From mouse to human: where has Allopurinol shown lifespan?
18 recorded entries; human; also "Allopurinol (300mg daily),", "400 mg Allopurinol", "Allopurinol 300 mg"
Show the evidence
human
NCT00116207
Allopurinol (300mg daily),
NCT01052987
400 mg Allopurinol
NCT02063997
Allopurinol 300 mg
NCT02078219
Allopurinol 200mg Sawai
NCT02279641
allopurinol 300 mg
NCT02398448
Zyloprim® 300 mg
12 more recorded rows
humanNCT02398448
Allopurinol 300 mg; undergranulated, high hardness condition
humanNCT02398448
Allopurinol 300 mg; alternative condition 2
humanNCT02398448
Allopurinol 300 mg; alternative condition 3
humanNCT02500641
Allopurinol 100 up to 600mg/day
humanNCT02581553
allopurinol 200 mg
humanNCT03195153
ALLOPURINOL 300 MG
humanNCT03195153
Atorvastatin 80mg AND allopurinol 300 mg
humanNCT04052932
Allopurinol 300 MG
humanNCT04327024
allopurinol titration 100 - 200 - 300 mg
humanNCT05414669
Allopurinol Tablet 300 mg
humanNCT05540184
Zyloric 300mg
humanNCT05943821
Allopurinol 200 mg
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Allopurinol's half-life is 1 hour hours — which schedules were studied?
1 hour hours, the half-life Allopurinol's label states. openfda-label · 36526c80-5a70-47c4-a0a6-785ccc346703 · 2026-08-30
Show the evidence
half life
1 hour hours; Elimination The half-life of allopurinol and oxipurinol are approximately 1 hour to 2 hours and 15 hours following oral dose of allopurinol tablets, respectively.
metabolism
Allopurinol is metabolized to the corresponding xanthine analogue, oxypurinol (alloxanthine), which also is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.
recorded 2026-08-30 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q7
Which of angiotensin ii concentration, bioequivalence is based on cmax and auc parameters and blood pressure did Allopurinol's trials measure?
angiotensin ii concentration, bioequivalence is based on cmax and auc parameters and blood pressure lead 40 outcome terms across Allopurinol's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
maximum tolerated dose of alemtuzumab, continuous complete remission at 1 year, global hed retention index, free radical production and markers of neuronal damage, diastolic blood pressure by cuff 8 10 weeks minus baseline and systolic blood pressure follow.
Show the evidence
complete response
1
complete response rate
1
treatment related mortality
1
maximum tolerated dose of alemtuzumab
1
continuous complete remission at 1 year
1
global hed retention index
1
14 more recorded rows
free radical production and markers of neuronal damage
1
diastolic blood pressure by cuff 8 10 weeks minus baseline
1
systolic blood pressure
1
response rate
1
grades ii to iv acute graft versus host disease
1
maximum tolerated dose
1
insulin resistance
1
blood pressure
1
young mania rating scale
1
core study mean number of gout flares per
1
panss total
1
left ventricular end diastolic radius to wall thickness
1
left ventricular ejection fraction
1
lv end systolic maximum shortening
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Allopurinol's 12 ongoing trials reports first?
Event-free survival (EFS); Proportion with salt sensitivity of blood pressure at baseline via ABPM; latest 2028-12-31
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT03150693
"Inotuzumab Ozogamicin and Frontline Chemotherapy in Treating Young Adults With Newly Diagnosed B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"; n 303; "Event-free survival (EFS)"; 2027-08
NCT04026776
"Uric Acid, Klotho and Salt Sensitivity in Young Adults Born Preterm"; n 120; "Proportion with salt sensitivity of blood pressure at baseline via ABPM"; 2026-12
NCT04217421
"Cerebrum and Cardiac Protection With Allopurinol in Neonates With Critical Congenital Heart Disease Requiring Cardiac Surgery With Cardiopulmonary Bypass"; n 236; "Relevant parenchymatous brain injury on postoperative MRI"; 2028-12-31
NCT04875702
"Treat-to-Target Serum Urate Versus Treat-to-Avoid Symptoms in Gout"; n 650; "Frequency of gout flare"; 2028-10-31
NCT05536349
"Time-limited Triplet Combination of Pirtobrutinib, Venetoclax, and Obinutuzumab for Patients With Treatment-naïve Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) or Richter Transformation (RT)"; n 60; "The severity of the adverse events (AEs) will be graded according to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE),…"; 2028-04-25
NCT05805605
"Allo HSCT Using RIC and PTCy for Hematological Diseases"; n 56; "Evaluate rates of acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)"; 2028-10-22
6 further recorded trials
NCT05888233
"Allopurinol Improves Heart Function in African Americans With Resistant Hypertension"; n 40; "Normalized peak early diastolic filling rate (E)"; 2026-08-31
NCT05943821
"The Effect of Allopurinol on the Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Cardiovascular Risk"; n 1116; "The occurrence of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE)"; 2028-07-31
NCT07089875
"A Study of Dotinurad Versus Allopurinol in Participants With Gout"; n 500; "Percentage of Participants With an sUA Level <6.0 mg/dL at Week 24"; 2027-11-29
NCT07089888
"A Study of Dotinurad Versus Allopurinol in Tophaceous Gout"; n 250; "Percentage of Participants with an sUA Level <5.0 mg/dL at Week 24"; 2027-12-31
NCT07369622
"HLA-B*58:01-Guided Therapy for Gout: Effectiveness, Safety, and Cost-Effectiveness"; n 228; "Proportion of Participants Achieving Target Serum Uric Acid <5.0 mg/dL (≈300 µmol/L)"; 2028-12-30
NCT07574060
"Allopurinol in Depression"; n 70; "Change in the 17-item Ham-D depression score."; 2027-05-20
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Allopurinol could settle lifespan?
NCT03150693 measures Event-free survival (EFS), reading out 2027-08.
1 open trial; n 303; "Inotuzumab Ozogamicin and Frontline Chemotherapy in Treating Young Adults With Newly Diagnosed B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT03150693
"Inotuzumab Ozogamicin and Frontline Chemotherapy in Treating Young Adults With Newly Diagnosed B Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia"; n 303; "Event-free survival (EFS)"; 2027-08
Q10
Which 60 trials of Allopurinol posted no result?
Posted no result
60 of 60 completed trials
Registrations
NCT00000703, NCT00000658, NCT00560079, NCT00288184, NCT01603134 and NCT00199043, and 54 more
Completion dates
oldest 1990-03; newest 2024-08-23
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT00000703
1990-03
NCT00000658
1996-02
NCT00560079
2006-04
NCT00288184
2007-08
NCT01603134
2008-04
NCT00199043
2008-05
14 further recorded trials
NCT00639756
2008-10
NCT00978653
2009-05
NCT01310673
2009-07
NCT00003700
2010-01
NCT00864825
2010-01
NCT00688480
2010-02
NCT00512057
2010-06
NCT00053196
2010-08
NCT00919243
2010-08
NCT01052987
2010-11
NCT01129648
2010-11
NCT00288158
2011-01
NCT01109121
2011-01
NCT01092221
2011-04
Q11
At the median, Allopurinol's trials enrolled 80 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
80
Largest enrolment
294878
Registered trials counted
163
Q12
What do 5577 spontaneous reports say about Allopurinol — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Allopurinol appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 10 most-reported reaction terms, 5577 reaction mentions were counted: drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms 1637; acute kidney injury 632; pyrexia 586; rash 521. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1200477 · 2026-06-24
Show the evidence
drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
1637
acute kidney injury
632
pyrexia
586
rash
521
pruritus
449
rash maculo-papular
382
4 more recorded rows
stevens-johnson syndrome
369
drug interaction
357
eosinophilia
326
erythema
318
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Allopurinol studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Allopurinol's label sentences: "Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have suggested that allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, could improve exercise capacity in patients with chronic stable angina and could decrease blood pressure in adolescents." openfda-label+europepmc · 2018-01-01
1 recorded statement; exercise
Show the evidence
exercise
Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have suggested that allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, could improve exercise capacity in patients with chronic stable angina and could decrease blood pressure in adolescents.
recorded 2018-01-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
What is recorded about Allopurinol and sirtuin?
"This was rescued by allopurinol, PARP-1 inhibitor or supplementation with NAD<sup>+</sup> precursor in a SIRT1-dependent manner." — where Allopurinol and sirtuin appear together. Europe PMC · pathway abstract search · 2024-01-05
"This was rescued by allopurinol, PARP-1 inhibitor or supplementation with NAD<sup>+</sup> precursor in a SIRT1-dependent manner."
NAD+PMID 38219573
"This was rescued by allopurinol, PARP-1 inhibitor or supplementation with NAD<sup>+</sup> precursor in a SIRT1-dependent manner."
AMPKPMID 36583708
"XOR knockdown and the XOR inhibitor allopurinol blocked gemcitabine-induced TAK1, JNK, AMPK, and Unc51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)<sup>S555</sup> phosphorylation and gemcitabine-induced autophagy."
autophagy
PMID 36583708
"XOR knockdown and the XOR inhibitor allopurinol blocked gemcitabine-induced TAK1, JNK, AMPK, and Unc51-like kinase 1 (ULK1)<sup>S555</sup> phosphorylation and gemcitabine-induced autophagy."
PMID 36583708
"Inhibition of autophagy by allopurinol, chloroquine, and 5Z-7-oxozeaenol (5Z), a TAK1-specific inhibitor, enhanced gemcitabine-induced apoptosis."
PMID 29305119
"In conclusion, Weicao had similar effects as allopurinol and exerted anti-inflammatory and renal-protective effect in a concentration-dependent manner in UAN rats, most likely through increasing autophagy and NLRP3 degradation."
NAD+PMID 25690312
"As part of these efforts, we evaluated the effect of allopurinol, an inhibitor of NAD(P)H-generating xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH), on C. beijerinckii grown in furfural-supplemented medium and found that it unexpectedly increased the rate of detoxification of furfural by 1.4-fold and promoted growth, butanol, and ABE production by 1.2-, 2.5-, and 2-fold, respectively."
mTORPMID 25200751
"Specific inhibition of XOD by allopurinol and sodium tungstate led to an increase in intracellular AMP levels triggering downregulation of mTOR activation by phosphorylation of its T2446 residue."
NAD+PMID 24761000
"Twenty subjects, 10 stage 3 and 4 patients with CKD (61 ± 4 yr; 5 men/5 women; eGFR: 39 ± 4 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2)) and 10 healthy controls (55 ± 2 yr; 4 men/6 women; eGFR: >60 ml·min(-1)·1.73 m(-2)) were instrumented with 4 intradermal microdialysis fibers for the delivery of 1) Ringer solution (Control), 2) 10 μM tempol (scavenge superoxide), 3) 100 μM apocynin (NAD(P)H oxidase inhibition), and…"
recorded 2024-01-05 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
ClinicalTrials.gov — US Government work · Europe PMC — metadata only, under the recorded legal gate · Open Targets 26.06 — CC0 · derived from this page's own recorded fields; no external licence · mixed register set; per-register licences in docs/specs/corpus-20k-sources.md · openFDA / DailyMed — US Government work
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