5 registered substances share the start of this name, which is why a search for it can return more than one thing.
FDA substance registry · 521T0J13MA · read 2026-08-29
Where each sentence above came from
No plain explanation of what this changes is stored. The page opens with what it is taken for instead, and the recorded explanation follows below.
Shown as the opening line on this page.
No statement of the main limit is recorded.
The four opening statements run to 31 words.
Words this page uses
Four words worth knowing first
Chosen from what this page shows, with each one explained before the word it depends on.
Stand-in result
A stand-in result is a number measured because the real result takes too long.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
It is like judging a journey by the speedometer rather than by arriving.
Where that stops being true. Speed does predict arrival. Many stand-in results do not predict the real one.
What people get wrong. A stand-in result is often reported as the result itself.
A surrogate endpoint substituted for a clinical endpoint, valid only where the substitution has been shown to hold.
Enzyme
An enzyme is a protein that speeds up one chemical change.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
An enzyme is like a machine on a production line doing one cut.
Where that stops being true. A machine is switched on and off by a person. Enzymes are controlled by the cell.
What people get wrong. Enzymes are thought to be used up. They are not; they work again and again.
A catalytic protein that lowers the activation energy of a specific reaction.
Receptor
A receptor is a part of a cell that a signal fits into.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A receptor is like a lock waiting for one key.
Where that stops being true. A lock either opens or does not. A receptor can be half-triggered, or worn out.
What people get wrong. Fitting a receptor is read as causing a benefit. It causes a step, and nothing more.
A protein that binds a specific ligand and converts that binding into a cellular response.
Pathway
A pathway is a chain of steps inside a cell, each one setting off the next.
A picture of it, and where the picture fails
A pathway is like a row of dominoes.
Where that stops being true. Dominoes fall one way. Pathways loop back and can switch themselves off.
What people get wrong. Changing one step is read as changing the outcome. Other steps often absorb it.
An ordered series of molecular interactions producing a defined cellular change.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What was measured, goal by goal
One row for each goal a registered study measured something for. One column for each kind of thing that could be measured.
Registered studies list 15 outcome measures that RNAWiki could read. A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. 0 of the matched studies tested this substance, and 0 posted a result.
There is no single score. A strong test result and a weak life result are different facts.
Goals down the side, kinds of measurement across the top. Each cell says what kind of thing was registered, not what was found.
Goal
Life outcome
What a body can do
How a person feels
A test result
A step in the body
Harms
How long
Who was studied
Blood sugar
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
△Only a number moved4 registered test measure.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Healthy ageing
…Waiting for a reviewer2 registered study measure of this kind. No reviewed result yet.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Fertility and sexual health
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a performance measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a symptom measure for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a test result for this goal.
∅Nothing in the sources checkedNo registered study lists a body-step measure for this goal.
—Not recordedHarms were not a registered measure for this goal.
—Not recordedNo finished study window is recorded.
…Waiting for a reviewerWho was studied is listed further down the page.
Which registered measures put each goal on this table
good quality blastocyst per fertilized oocyte on day 5
Sorted by fixed word lists, version v1. A name the rules do not recognise stays unsorted rather than moving to the nearest column.
What each mark on this table means
∅ Nothing in the sources checked
No registered study lists a life outcome for this goal.
△ Only a number moved
4 registered test measure.
— Not recorded
Harms were not a registered measure for this goal.
… Waiting for a reviewer
Who was studied is listed further down the page.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What happened in people
Each card is one study: the exact question it asked, who was in it, and whether it showed what it set out to show.
Interference score using K-CWST(Korean-Color Word Stroop Test)
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT04346862
How many people
636
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
12-week FACT-Taxane Neurotoxicity Model-adjusted Score in ALC and Placebo Groups
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT00775645
How many people
437
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Serum concentration of palmitoylcarnitine following 30 days of fenofibrate treatment
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT03869931
How many people
300
Study design
Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Change in appetite related to change in maintained weight loss
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02485743
How many people
298
Study design
Not applicable
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
ADAS-cog
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT02955706
How many people
265
Study design
Phase 4
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
self-sufficient
✗ The study did not show it
Who was studied
NCT06126315
How many people
246
Study design
Phase 2/Phase 3
Compared against
Not recorded for this study
Kind of result
A number that stands in for health
What was found
Result not recorded on this page
Repeated elsewhere
Unreplicated
What this does not prove. A study that did not show an effect does not show that no effect exists anywhere.
The limits of this study, and where it came from
Main limit. No limitation is recorded for this study.
How far it carries. This study is recorded from the curated record, not from the registry match.
Form and route. Oral
Interval reported. Not recorded in this summary
Written into the record, not signed off as a reviewed claim.
openFDA NDC Directory · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
openFDA SPL label · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
PubChem PUG-REST · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
FDA label (openFDA SPL) · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
What we know
RNAWiki holds 6 written-up human studies for this substance, each with the question it asked.
How we know it
Each card names the study, the number of people and what the study set out to measure.
What this does not prove
These summaries were written by a person and have not been signed off as reviewed claims.
Why it matters
A study that failed is as informative as one that worked, and both are here.
What we still do not know
No reviewed claim exists, so no exact population, effect size or interval is published yet.
What happened in people◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
How close this is to real life
The top step is something a person would feel or care about. The bottom is a guess from software. Filled steps are where evidence exists for this substance.
■Living longer, or avoiding a major eventEvidence recorded. Death, a heart attack, a stroke, a hospital stay.2 registered measures of this kind. No reviewed result.
□What a body can do day to dayNo evidence recorded. Walking, dressing, breathing, recovering.No registered study measures this.
□Measured performanceNo evidence recorded. How much was lifted, how far was run, how fast.No registered study measures this.
□Symptoms and quality of lifeNo evidence recorded. Pain, tiredness, mood, sleep, as the person rated it.No registered study measures this.
■A number that stands in for healthEvidence recorded. Cholesterol, blood sugar, bone density. A stand-in, not the thing itself.8 registered measures of this kind.
■A step measured inside a personEvidence recorded. Something measured in human tissue or human cells.A human record sits on the stored organism ladder.
■AnimalsEvidence recorded. Mice, rats, dogs. Useful for ideas, not proof about people.Stored records in Mouse, Rat. A result in animals says what to test next. It does not say what happens in people.
■Cells in a dishEvidence recorded. Cells or chemistry on a bench, far from a whole body.Stored mechanism abstracts describe steps measured in cells or tissue.
□A guess from softwareNo evidence recorded. Nobody measured it. RNAWiki never publishes one as a finding.RNAWiki stores no prediction for this record. Software can suggest a link. RNAWiki does not publish one as a finding.
Higher on these steps means closer to something a person would feel. It does not mean better done.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Felt, measured, or meaningful
Three different things that get called the same word. Registered studies measured all three, and mixing them is how a blood test becomes a health claim.
Felt
Things a person could notice without a test.
No registered study measured anything of this kind.
Measured
Things only a test, a scale or a device shows.
arterial blood pressure
c reactive protein
fasting blood glucose
glycated hemoglobin
insulin resistance
serum insulin
serum leptin
serum adiponectin
Meaningful
Things that change how a life goes, not only a number.
mortality rate reduction
hospital mortality
A registered study says what someone planned to measure. It does not say what they found. A number moving is not the same as a life going better. The two are shown apart here.
Felt, but not shown to help. A person notices a change. No study showed it leads anywhere good.
Measured, but not felt. A number moves. The person notices nothing. Both can be true.
Measured, but not shown to matter. A number moves in the good direction. Nobody showed that lives went better.
Matters, but takes years. The result that counts may take longer than anyone would keep watching.
Names that fit none of the three (5)
headache days
adas cog
good quality blastocyst per fertilized oocyte on day 5
organ damage reduction
malondialdehyde
These are harms, study-process measures, or names the rules did not recognise. They are shown rather than dropped.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Were people like you studied?
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it, and where the result stops carrying.
Who was studied
People similar to this profile were included.
For the temporary relief of feeling tired, listless, easily fatigued, or experiencing reduced strength, difficulty concentrating, or a lack of motivation.
Who is missing from the studies
Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
Where the result stopped carrying
This is a scope explorer, not a diagnosis engine.
It shows who was studied so you can see whether people similar to you were included.
RNAWiki cannot tell whether a study fits you. It can show who was in it.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Why it might seem to do nothing
A real effect and a noticed effect are different things. These are the recorded reasons the two come apart.
It was studied for a different goal
The studies measured something else entirely.
On this record: Some registered studies measured things that match no goal on this page.
It was studied in different people
The people in the studies were not much like the reader.
On this record: Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
The evidence may simply be wrong
Small early studies often do not hold up.
On this record: RNAWiki has not yet published a reviewed conclusion for this use.
Other reasons RNAWiki checked and found nothing for (10)
A different form was studied
The studied form is not the form on the shelf. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
There was nothing to correct
Where a level is already normal, topping it up may change nothing. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else had to happen too
In the studies it was paired with training, a diet or another treatment. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The change is too small to feel
A real change can still sit below what a person notices. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Day-to-day swing hides it
Sleep, food, stress and time of day move most numbers more than this would. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Not enough time yet
The studies ran longer than the person has waited. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
It was not taken as studied
Missed days change the result, and studies count them. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
Something else changed at the same time
Two changes at once cannot be told apart afterwards. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
The product may not be what it says
Contents of a sold product are not always what the label states. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
No recorded reason
RNAWiki has nothing stored that would explain it. Nothing in this record points to this reason.
None of these is a reason to take more. Taking more is not a step this page ever suggests.
What it would be like to take◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
What taking it involves
The recorded facts about getting hold of it and using it. Nothing here is a suggestion about what you should do.
How it is supplied
Varies by country
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
Read from the recorded approval status.
No source is stored against this line.
Form and route
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form and route recorded on this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
Who oversees it
Not usually supervised: sold as a supplement or food ingredient where recorded. That is a legal category, not a safety judgement.
❝ Quoted from a source
Where this came from
Copied from a source RNAWiki stored, with the source named.
The identity record classes it as a supplement ingredient; no medicines register records an approval.
No source is stored against this line.
What is in the pack
Sold as solution/ drops, liquid, given by the oral route.
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
Recorded notes on how this is sold and what that means for what is in the pack.
No source is stored against this line.
Where it is registered
Regulatory records are listed in the technical disclosure at the foot of this page.
# Counted from records
Where this came from
A count of rows RNAWiki holds. It describes our records, not your body.
Register entries are stored per jurisdiction and shown with their dates.
No source is stored against this line.
Why people stop
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
No record of why people stopped taking it is stored for this substance.
No source is stored against this line.
What it would be like to take∅Nothing found in the sources checked
What can go wrong
Sorted by where each line came from. A regulator's label and a report somebody sent in are not the same kind of fact.
∅Nothing found in the sources checked
No harm is recorded against this substance in the sources RNAWiki checked. Finding nothing is not the same as showing there is nothing.
The sources listed were searched and held nothing. That is not the same as nothing existing.
Reports sent to a regulator
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction.
Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing.
The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete.
News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report.
A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 5 most-reported reaction terms, 30 reaction mentions were counted. One report can name several reactions.
The recorded terms (5)
coma — 7 reaction mentions
loss of consciousness — 7 reaction mentions
vomiting — 7 reaction mentions
substance abuse — 6 reaction mentions
vertigo — 3 reaction mentions
open-targets-adr · recorded 2026-06-24 · a recorded source, not a stored snapshot
Over a long time. No completed tested study window is recorded, so long-term effects are not established by the registry record.
Groups the studies covered thinly. Which groups were under-represented in the studies has not been recorded for this substance. Pregnancy, breastfeeding, children, older adults, and people with liver or kidney conditions are commonly excluded from trials; nothing here says whether they were.
What is missing or unclear◇Read from sources, not yet reviewed
Does the exact form matter?
Evidence belongs to the exact thing that was tested. A different salt, a different mixture or a different preparation is a different question.
The form that was studied
Oral
✎ Source-linked record
Where this came from
A person wrote this into the record with the study named beside it. No reviewer has signed it off.
The form used in the studies cited on this page.
No source is stored against this line.
What is sold
Not recorded.
∅ Nothing recorded
Where this came from
RNAWiki holds nothing here and says so rather than guessing.
Nothing further is recorded about which forms are sold.
No source is stored against this line.
What is recorded as being sold
2 products list this as an active ingredient in the United States drug directory. None of them contains it on its own, so nothing on this page can separate it from what it is combined with.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 63083-2160 · read 2026-08-29
They are sold as liquid and solution/ drops, taken oral.
FDA National Drug Code directory · 63083-2160 · read 2026-08-29
2 published labels name it as an active ingredient. None of them describes this substance alone, so no label text on this page can be attributed to it rather than to a combination.
US prescribing information · 90db80ed-c037-4e8f-a7f6-304a65f9fe22 · read 2026-08-29
Those labels are classed as human otc drug.
US prescribing information · 90db80ed-c037-4e8f-a7f6-304a65f9fe22 · read 2026-08-29
2 marketed supplement labels list this ingredient, classed as non-nutrient/non-botanical.
Those labels carry all other and structure/function claims. A claim of that kind is written by the manufacturer and is not assessed by any regulator, so its presence says nothing about whether it is true.
This order is fixed in code and does not count clicks or time on the page.
What is not here
6 questions this page could not answer
These sections were prepared and left out because there was nothing to put in them. They are listed rather than hidden, so the gaps in this record are visible.
The path through the body — found nothing in the sources checked.
How long anything takes — found nothing in the sources checked.
What it may clash with — found nothing in the sources checked.
Other ways to the same goal — found nothing in the sources checked.
Claims that go past the evidence — found nothing in the sources checked.
What changed on this page — found nothing in the sources checked.
The record as stored
The full record, for auditing
Everything above is built from what is below. This layer keeps the technical vocabulary, record identifiers and every stored row, so a reader who wants to check the page can.
Recorded evidence blocks (14)
Q1
What did Acetyl-L-Carnitine's largest trial (636 people) and its longest (6.3 years) measure?
636 people in Acetyl-L-Carnitine's largest registered study, 6.3 years in its longest registered window, measuring mortality rate reduction. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
9 na, 8 phase3, 6 phase2, 5 phase4, 1 phase1; NCT02598622; 2016-01; no ageing endpoint recorded. Last human test completed 2019, NCT02955706.
Interpretation These counts include studies where Acetyl-L-Carnitine was a comparison treatment, a background treatment or an exposure in an observational study, and the longest window may be a planned end date. Trial roles have not yet been classified for this record.
Show the evidence
na
9
phase3
8
phase2
6
phase4
5
phase1
1
Last recorded human testNCT02955706
2019-01-25
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q2
From mouse to human: where has Acetyl-L-Carnitine shown lifespan?
More Acetyl-L-Carnitine was worse in human: at what point?
Hormetic in human: "Dietary antioxidants, such as polyphenols and L-carnitine/acetyl-L-carnitine, have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes." Europe PMC · dose-response search · 2011-11-06
4 recorded sentences naming Acetyl-L-Carnitine; hormetic, dose-response, biphasic
Show the evidence
hormetic
PMID 22108204
"Dietary antioxidants, such as polyphenols and L-carnitine/acetyl-L-carnitine, have recently been demonstrated to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes."
PMID 19273073
"Dietary antioxidants, such as curcumin, L-carnitine/acetyl-L-carnitine and carnosine have recently been demonstrated in vitro to be neuroprotective through the activation of hormetic pathways, including vitagenes."
dose-responsePMID 15591007
"The total end-clamp glucose tissue uptake was significantly increased by the administration of doses of acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) from 3.8 to 5.2 mg/kg/min, without a significant dose-response effect."
biphasicPMID 12433969
"This temporal relationship, combined with a probable adrenaline-induced increase in metabolic rate (and thereby resting ATP demand), resulted in the biphasic changes in G-6-P and acetylcarnitine with infusion time."
recorded 2011-11-06 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q6
Could one person measure Acetyl-L-Carnitine's effect on arterial blood pressure?
Arterial blood pressure: measured in Acetyl-L-Carnitine's trials.
Interpretation arterial blood pressure is the recorded endpoint.
Show the evidence
biomarkers
arterial blood pressure; 2026-09-01
headache days; 2026-09-01
adas cog; 2026-09-01
good quality blastocyst per fertilized oocyte on day 5; 2026-09-01
mortality rate reduction; 2026-09-01
organ damage reduction; 2026-09-01
9 more recorded rows
biomarkers
hospital mortality; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
c reactive protein; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
fasting blood glucose; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
glycated hemoglobin; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
insulin resistance; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
serum insulin; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
serum leptin; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
serum adiponectin; 2026-09-01
biomarkers
malondialdehyde; 2026-09-01
human trials at or under30
6
Not recorded for this substance
a recorded half-life
smallest human trial
0; NCT01492920; PHASE3; the smallest recorded human enrolment at or below 30; the registry states no direction of its result; WITHDRAWN
Q7
Which of adas cog, arterial blood pressure and c reactive protein did Acetyl-L-Carnitine's trials measure?
adas cog, arterial blood pressure and c reactive protein lead 15 outcome terms across Acetyl-L-Carnitine's trials. ClinicalTrials.gov · 2026-09-01
good quality blastocyst per fertilized oocyte on day 5, mortality rate reduction, organ damage reduction, hospital mortality, c reactive protein and fasting blood glucose follow.
Show the evidence
arterial blood pressure
1
headache days
1
adas cog
1
good quality blastocyst per fertilized oocyte on day 5
1
mortality rate reduction
1
organ damage reduction
1
9 more recorded rows
hospital mortality
1
c reactive protein
1
fasting blood glucose
1
glycated hemoglobin
1
insulin resistance
1
serum insulin
1
serum leptin
1
serum adiponectin
1
malondialdehyde
1
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q8
Which of Acetyl-L-Carnitine's 2 ongoing trials reports first?
self-sufficient; Change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP); latest 2027-09
Show the evidence
Trial
NCT06126315
"Trial on the Biological and Clinical Effects of Acetyl-L-carnitine in ALS"; n 246; "self-sufficient"; 2027-09
NCT07660081
"Effects of Acetyl L-Carnitine Supplementation on Clinical, Metabolic and Inflammatory Symptoms in Obese, Diabetic, Postmenopausal Women With Osteoarthritis"; n 100; "Change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP)"; 2026-08-30
recorded 2026-09-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q9
Which running trial of Acetyl-L-Carnitine could settle inflammatory markers?
NCT07660081 measures Change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP), reading out 2026-08-30.
1 open trial; n 100; "Effects of Acetyl L-Carnitine Supplementation on Clinical, Metabolic and Inflammatory Symptoms in Obese, Diabetic, Postmenopausal Women With Osteoarthritis"
Show the evidence
TrialNCT07660081
"Effects of Acetyl L-Carnitine Supplementation on Clinical, Metabolic and Inflammatory Symptoms in Obese, Diabetic, Postmenopausal Women With Osteoarthritis"; n 100; "Change in C-Reactive Protein (CRP)"; 2026-08-30
Q10
Which 11 trials of Acetyl-L-Carnitine posted no result?
Posted no result
11 of 11 completed trials
Registrations
NCT01913964, NCT01223729, NCT01223768, NCT01223742, NCT00050271 and NCT01515839, and 5 more
Completion dates
oldest 1997-10; newest 2019-01-25
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Trial
NCT01913964
1997-10
NCT01223729
2005-11
NCT01223768
2005-12
NCT01223742
2006-12
NCT00050271
2007-01
NCT01515839
2010-06
5 further recorded trials
NCT01526564
2011-07
NCT01909557
2011-12
NCT02141035
2017-09
NCT02999958
2018-05
NCT02955706
2019-01-25
Q11
At the median, Acetyl-L-Carnitine's trials enrolled 100 people — anything larger?
Median enrolment
100
Largest enrolment
636
Registered trials counted
23
Q12
What do 30 spontaneous reports say about Acetyl-L-Carnitine — and not say?
These are reports people sent to a regulator. They do not show the medicine caused the reaction. Nobody counted how many people took the medicine and reported nothing. The same event can be reported more than once, and many reports are incomplete. News coverage, lawsuits and new warnings change how often people report. A count is not a rate and not a risk.
Acetyl-L-Carnitine appears in spontaneous reports to regulators. Across the 5 most-reported reaction terms, 30 reaction mentions were counted: coma 7; loss of consciousness 7; vomiting 7; substance abuse 6. open-targets-adr · CHEMBL1697733 · 2026-06-24
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coma
7
loss of consciousness
7
vomiting
7
substance abuse
6
vertigo
3
recorded 2026-06-24 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q13
Was Acetyl-L-Carnitine studied with exercise?
exercise is named in Acetyl-L-Carnitine's label sentences: "Interestingly, acetylcarnitine concentrations in skeletal muscle were increased upon NR (4558 ± 749 compared with 3025 ± 316 pmol/mg dry weight in NR and placebo, respectively; change: 1533 ± 683 pmol/mg dry weight, P = 0.04) and the capacity to form acetylcarnitine upon exercise was higher in NR…" openfda-label+europepmc · 2020-08-01
1 recorded statement; exercise
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exercise
Interestingly, acetylcarnitine concentrations in skeletal muscle were increased upon NR (4558 ± 749 compared with 3025 ± 316 pmol/mg dry weight in NR and placebo, respectively; change: 1533 ± 683 pmol/mg dry weight, P = 0.04) and the capacity to form acetylcarnitine upon exercise was higher in NR than in placebo (2.99 ± 0.30 compared with 2.40 ± 0.33 mmol/kg wet weight; change: 0.53 ± 0.21…
recorded 2020-08-01 · last checked 2026-09-04
Q14
What is recorded about Acetyl-L-Carnitine and NAD+?
"These data were associated with increased SIRT4 expression levels (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and the activation of AMPK signaling (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <b>Conclusions</b>: Overall, the results, by supporting the importance of nutritional factors in CRC management, highlight l-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine as promising agents to target CRC metabolic vulnerabilities."
sirtuinPMID 40290068
"These data were associated with increased SIRT4 expression levels (<i>p</i> < 0.01) and the activation of AMPK signaling (<i>p</i> < 0.01). <b>Conclusions</b>: Overall, the results, by supporting the importance of nutritional factors in CRC management, highlight l-carnitine and acetyl-l-carnitine as promising agents to target CRC metabolic vulnerabilities."
autophagy
PMID 33710529
"Intraperitoneal administration of acetyl-L-carnitine contributed to neuroprotection against LPS -induced neuroinflammation by suppression of TLR4/NFκB pathway, restoring activity of autophagy and inhibition of oxidative stress."
PMID 33710529
"Collectively, our findings show that acetyl-L-carnitine attenuated LPS-induced neuroinflammation by targeting TLR4/NFκB pathway, autophagy and oxidative stress."
AMPKPMID 37371499
"Both DOX and MTX disturbed cardiac metabolism, decreasing glycolysis, and increasing the dependency on fatty acids (FA) oxidation, namely, through decreased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) content and decreased free carnitine (C0) and increased acetylcarnitine (C2) concentration."
NAD+PMID 33368625
"Acetyl-L-carnitine increased myocardial carnitine content leading to the attenuation of hypoglycaemia-induced oxidative stress, which was evaluated through measurement of the oxidative stress biomarkers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1, heme oxygenase-I, and glutathione S-transferase."
sirtuinPMID 35276984
"As proposed, acetyl-L-carnitine, vitamins (group B and E), extracts of medical plants, including goshajinkigan, curcumin and others, unsaturated fatty acids, as well as the diet composed of so-called "sirtuin-activating foods", could change the typical way of treatment of CIPN, improve the quality of life of patients and maintain the continuity of chemotherapy."
NAD+
"In heart, acetyl-L-carnitine increased myocardial carnitine content leading to the attenuation of hypoglycemia-induced oxidative stress, which was evaluated through measurement of the oxidative stress biomarkers such as inducible nitric oxide synthase, NAD(P)H quinone dehydrogenase-1, heme oxygenase-I, and glutathione transferase."
AMPK
"This recycling causesactivation-induced cell death, suppresses lymphocyte countproliferation, and leads to IL-1β hypersecretion and worsening RHC.Ultimately, this cytokine storm and severe RHC induce autoimmunity.Evidence suggests this pathological state can be avoided by restoring calcium homeostasis using a combination of DHEA, vitaminD3/calcitriol, magnesium, ubiquinone, and the AMPK/SIRT1…"
sirtuin
"This recycling causesactivation-induced cell death, suppresses lymphocyte countproliferation, and leads to IL-1β hypersecretion and worsening RHC.Ultimately, this cytokine storm and severe RHC induce autoimmunity.Evidence suggests this pathological state can be avoided by restoring calcium homeostasis using a combination of DHEA, vitaminD3/calcitriol, magnesium, ubiquinone, and the AMPK/SIRT1…"
1 more recorded row
IGF-1PMID 21183322
"This study aimed to explore new markers for AD as total homocysteine (tHcy), insulin, insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), interlukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α); to determine the modulatory effects of vitamin E (VE), acetyl-L-carnitine (ALC) and α-lipoic acid (LA) on the investigated parameters and to evaluate the possible therapeutic role of these nutraceutical in AD-induced…"
recorded 2026-09-04 · last checked 2026-09-04
Where it is registeredIdentifiers, relations and other names
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